scholarly journals Dietary supplements in the USA: problematic trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bryan E Denham
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Education Act

Abstract More than 25 years have passed since the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 classified dietary supplements as a subcategory of food, thereby exempting manufacturers from providing premarket evidence of product safety and efficacy. In this commentary, I discuss problems in the supplement industry through an examination of cases introduced or decided in US federal courts between 2010 and 2019. More than half the cases located involved defendants charged with introducing misbranded food or drugs into interstate commerce. Contaminants included anabolic steroids, erectile dysfunction medications, weight-loss drugs, workout stimulants and mind-altering substances. As the article points out, raw powders obtained in bulk quantities facilitate the practice of ‘home brewing’ and the introduction of prescription drugs into dietary supplements.

Athlete Information Sources About Dietary Supplements: A Review of Extant Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Denham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Health It ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The U.S

In the United States, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) classified dietary supplements as a subcategory of food, exempting manufacturers from providing premarket evidence of product safety and efficacy. Under DSHEA, agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cannot inspect supplements until after the products have entered the marketplace. Recognizing that both limited resources and DSHEA prevent the FDA from conducting broad-based inspections on a regular basis, disreputable manufacturers have spiked products with drugs such as anabolic steroids and amphetamines. With contaminated supplements now causing athletes to fail drug tests and, in some instances, threatening public health, it becomes important to examine sources of supplement information. This article reviews 53 studies that have addressed athlete information sources about dietary supplements. It finds that athletes, in general, rely heavily on coaches and trainers as well as friends and family for information. Relative to U.S. athletes, those competing internationally appear more likely to seek information from a physician or nutritionist. The article offers recommendations for individuals and organizations based on the most frequent information sources identified by athletes.

scholarly journals What is the research base for the use of dietary supplements?

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malden C Nesheim
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Education Act

AbstractThe market for dietary supplements in the USA was estimated as about 11.8 billion dollars in 1997 with a growth rate of 10–14 % projected in the next 3 years. Data from the Food and Drug Administration collected in 1995 indicate that over 55 % of adults surveyed used some type of dietary supplement. The marketing of dietary supplements in the USA has been essentially deregulated by the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). This legislation defined dietary supplements, made manufacturers responsible for the safety of supplements and allowed certain statements of nutrition support to be made on supplement labels. The US Congress in passing the DSHEA indicated that supplements should be available on the market so that consumers could make decisions about their use for themselves and their families. Unfortunately, information about the research base for supplement claims is not readily accessible to health professionals and consumers. There is a need for authoritative reviews of the data underlying supplement claims to assist public health professionals in their role of providing advice to the public about dietary supplements.

FDA to Ban Sales of Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-186
Author(s):  
Amy G. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Federal Food ◽  
Education Act

On December 30, 2003, the FDA announced that it will publish a rule banning sales of ephedra - a dietary supplement often utilized for weight loss, increased energy, and enhanced athletic performance - because it poses an unreasonable health risk.The ban will be issued under the auspices of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), in response to a process that began in June of 1997, when the FDA first proposed a mandatory warning statement on dietary supplements containing ephedra. FDAs analysis of the scientific evidence has led it to conclude that dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury and are therefore adulterated under Section 402(f)(1)(A) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?

scholarly journals Use of dietary supplements in pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic factors – a report from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1390-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carin Andrén Aronsson ◽  
Kendra Vehik ◽  
Jimin Yang ◽  
Ulla Uusitalo ◽  
Kristen Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and associated factors of dietary supplement use, particularly supplements containing vitamin D and fatty acids, in pregnant women enrolled in a multi-national study.DesignThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Maternal dietary supplement use was self-reported through questionnaires at month 3 to 4 postpartum.SettingSix clinical research centres; three in the USA (Colorado, Georgia/Florida and Washington) and three in Europe (Sweden, Finland and Germany).SubjectsMothers (n 7326) to infants screened for high-risk HLA-DQ genotypes of type 1 diabetes.ResultsNinety-two per cent of the 7326 women used one or more types of supplement during pregnancy. Vitamin D supplements were taken by 65 % of the women, with the highest proportion of users in the USA (80·5 %). Overall, 16 % of the women reported taking fatty acid supplements and a growing trend was seen in all countries between 2004 and 2010 (P < 0·0001). The use was more common in Germany (32 %) and the USA (24 %) compared with Finland (8·5 %) and Sweden (7·0 %). Being pregnant with the first child was a strong predictor for any supplement use in all countries. Low maternal age (<25 years), higher education, BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2 and smoking during pregnancy were factors associated with supplement use in some but not all countries.ConclusionsThe majority of the women used dietary supplements during pregnancy. The use was associated with sociodemographic and behavioural factors, such as parity, maternal age, education, BMI and maternal smoking.

scholarly journals National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Evaluation of Dietary Supplements for Performance Nutrition

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie L. Buell ◽  
Rob Franks ◽  
Jack Ransone ◽  
Michael E. Powers ◽  
Kathleen M. Laquale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
National Athletic Trainers Association

Objectives To help athletic trainers promote a “food-first” philosophy to support health and performance, understand federal and sport governing body rules and regulations regarding dietary supplements and banned substances, and become familiar with reliable resources for evaluating the safety, purity, and efficacy of dietary supplements. Background The dietary supplement industry is poorly regulated and takes in billions of dollars per year. Uneducated athletes need to gain a better understanding of the safety, eligibility, and efficacy concerns associated with choosing to take dietary supplements. The athletic trainer is a valuable athletic team member who can help in the educational process. In many cases, athletic trainers are asked to help evaluate the legality, safety, and efficacy of dietary supplements. For this position statement, our mission is to provide the athletic trainer with the necessary resources for these tasks. Recommendations Proper nutrition and changes in the athlete's habitual diet should be considered first when improved performance is the goal. Athletes need to understand the level of regulation (or lack thereof) governing the dietary supplement industry at the international, federal, state, and individual sport-participation levels. Athletes should not assume a product is safe simply because it is marketed over the counter. All products athletes are considering using should be evaluated for purity (ie, truth in labeling), safety, and efficacy.

The New Dietary Ingredient Safety Provision of DSHEA: A Return to Congressional Intent

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Bass ◽  
Emily Marden
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Education Act ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Preventative Healthcare

In the ten years since the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (“DSHEA”), dietary supplements have become a widely available and important element of individualized preventative healthcare. Congress created DSHEA in response to great consumer demand, thereby embracing the dietary supplement category and opening the door for the growth of the dietary supplement industry. DSHEA introduced an expansive definition of dietary supplements and laid out available claims and strict safety standards for such products.While the statute has remained unchanged since its passage in 1994, the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) appears to be in the process of re-interpreting sections of DSHEA in ways that could fundamentally limit the availability of dietary supplements. Specifically, FDA has been utilizing DSHEA's “new dietary ingredient” (“NDI”) safety provision to narrow the scope of ingredients that can be considered, even before addressing their safety, for use in dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Assessing the Use of Prescription Drugs in Obese Respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Barrett ◽  
Aiwen Xing ◽  
Elizabeth Steidley ◽  
Terrence J. Adam ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
National Health ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use

Introduction: Obesity is a common disease and a known risk factor for many other conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Treatment options for obesity include lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions such as bariatric surgery. In this study, we examine the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements by the individuals with obesity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data 2003-2014. We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the correlations of demographics and obesity status with the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplement use. We also built machine learning models to predict prescription drug and dietary supplement use using demographic data and obesity status. Results: Individuals with obesity are more likely to take cardiovascular agents (OR=1.265, 95% CI 1.222-1.311) and metabolic agents (OR=1.398, 95% CI 1.343-1.456) than individuals without obesity. The best performing prediction model for predicting prescription drugs had the accuracy of 74.5% and the AUROC of 0.817. Conclusions: This study can inform clinical practice and patient education of the use of prescription drugs and dietary supplements and their correlation with obesity.

scholarly journals Nutritional supplements: prevalence of use and contamination with doping agents

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Van Thuyne ◽  
P Van Eenoo ◽  
F. T Delbeke
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Herbal Formulations

AbstractBased upon recent sales numbers, nutritional supplements play a key role in the lifestyle of a substantial proportion of the population. As well as products such as vitamins or minerals, several precursors of anabolic steroids are marketed as nutritional supplements. Another group of commercially available supplements are products for weight loss based upon herbal formulations originating fromEphedraspecies. Apart from supplements indicating the presence of these active compounds, numerous non-hormonal nutritional supplements were found that were contaminated with non-labelled anabolic steroids. Stimulating agents other than naturally occurring analogues of ephedrine were detected. A major group using dietary supplements are sportsmen, ranging from amateur level to elite athletes. Besides the possible health risks associated with the use of dietary supplements, athletes should take care not to violate the rules of the World Anti-Doping Agency because athletes remain responsible for substances detected in their biofluids, irrespective of their origin. Several analytical methods have been developed to determine the presence of doping agents as contaminants. The present review attempts to address the issues concerning the use of nutritional supplements and the detection of doping agents as contaminants in dietary supplements.

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