Recharting Atlantic encounters. Object trajectories and histories of value in the Siin (Senegal) and Senegambia

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
François G. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Atlantic Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Object Trajectories ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
African Atlantic ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

AbstractThe Atlantic era marks a turbulent period in the history of Senegambia, defined by dramatic reconfigurations in local socio-economic conditions. These ‘global encounters’ have often been equated with the subjection of African societies to the whims of an expanding capitalist economy. While the long-term effects of the Atlantic economy cannot be denied, conventional histories have often prioritized macro-trends and generalized process, thus glossing the complex mosaic of experiences that constituted the African Atlantic. By contrast, a closer look at how different categories of objects were consumed and circulated over time may provide more nuanced assessments of the impact of global forces on coastal societies. This article examines how these material entanglements took place in the Siin (Senegal), by following the social trajectories of several classes of objects in space and time, and charting their enmeshment in regimes of value, patterns of action, forms of power and historical experience. Combining these empirical insights with a broader theoretical reflection, the paper attempts to draw out the implications of rethinking the historical space of the African Atlantic through a more intimate engagement with the historicities, contingencies and materialities that fashioned African historical experiences. While this shift in conceptual priorities inevitably creates new silences, I suggest that it also re-establishes Africans as cultural and historical subjects, firmly grounded in world history, and that this perspective can provide a point of departure for the production of alternative historical imaginations and subjectivities.

The impact of a TV report in schizophrenia stigma reduction: A quasi-experimental study

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaly de Oliveira Bosoni ◽  
Geraldo Busatto Filho ◽  
Daniel Martins de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Background: Stigma is a major problem in schizophrenia, and the most effective way to reduce it is to provide information. But literature lacks studies evaluating long-term efficacy of mass communication. Aims: This is a pilot study to assess if a brief intervention (TV report) may have long-term effects. Method: Assessing stigma scores from subjects before and after seeing a vignette. Results: We found that the social distance and restriction to patients not only fell after a brief intervention but also kept lower after 1 and 3 months. Conclusion: We conclude that even brief intervention may create persistent impact in reducing discrimination.

scholarly journals Social influence in adolescence as a double-edged sword

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Molleman ◽  
Simon Kai Ciranka ◽  
Wouter van den Bos
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Social learning is fundamental to human development, helping individuals adapt to new conditions and cooperate in groups. During the formative years of adolescence, the social environment shapes people’s socio-cognitive skills needed in adulthood. Yet, peer influence during this pivotal developmental stage is generally associated with risky and unruly conduct, with eminent negative long-term effects on adolescents’ educational, economic and health outcomes. Here we show, in contrast to this traditional view, that the impact of peers on adolescents’ behaviour can also be markedly positive. Exposure to disobedient peers provoked rule breaking, and selfish peers reduced prosocial behaviour, particularly in early adolescence. However, compliant peers also promoted rule-following and fair peers increased prosociality. A belief formation task further revealed that early adolescents tend to assimilate social information, while older adolescents prioritise personal views. Our results suggest that these developmental patterns reflect a decline in an underlying domain-general factor of social sensitivity during adolescence, and highlight early adolescence as a key window for peer-based interventions to improve developmental trajectories.

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Chemical Spills Using a Spatial Temporal Dynamics Analysis Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Dimca-Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Impact

The increasing number of accidents involving chemical spills demands development of not only feasible emergency strategies, but also a consistent framework to protect the environment and prevent accidents. This can be possible only by a sound understanding of the environmental impact of spills and their potential long-term effects. Furthermore, the impact assessment of chemical spills can not be done disregarding the spatial-temporal pattern of previous exposures reciprocally influenced by both chemical and environmental properties. In this context, the thesis proposes a general framework to quantify the cumulative effects of chemical spills at any given point of a certain area based on a “present” history of exposure coupled with chemical and environmental properties designated as relevant to predict possible pictures o f future exposure and estimate in advance potential alarming levels of pollution. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives are set up. The first objective is to develop a four-dimensional model to simulate a single-spill event based on certain assumptions about chemical and soil characteristics. The second objective is to develop an algorithm to assess the cumulative effects of chemical spills on a selected area using the model for a single-spill event while taking into account the effects of those spills of the spatial-temporal zone adjacent to the study area.

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Chemical Spills Using a Spatial Temporal Dynamics Analysis Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Dimca-Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Impact

The increasing number of accidents involving chemical spills demands development of not only feasible emergency strategies, but also a consistent framework to protect the environment and prevent accidents. This can be possible only by a sound understanding of the environmental impact of spills and their potential long-term effects. Furthermore, the impact assessment of chemical spills can not be done disregarding the spatial-temporal pattern of previous exposures reciprocally influenced by both chemical and environmental properties. In this context, the thesis proposes a general framework to quantify the cumulative effects of chemical spills at any given point of a certain area based on a “present” history of exposure coupled with chemical and environmental properties designated as relevant to predict possible pictures o f future exposure and estimate in advance potential alarming levels of pollution. To achieve this purpose, the following objectives are set up. The first objective is to develop a four-dimensional model to simulate a single-spill event based on certain assumptions about chemical and soil characteristics. The second objective is to develop an algorithm to assess the cumulative effects of chemical spills on a selected area using the model for a single-spill event while taking into account the effects of those spills of the spatial-temporal zone adjacent to the study area.

Optimism or pessimism for the victim of child abuse?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
J. Michael Cupoli ◽  
Eli H. Newberger
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The Contribution Of Elmer To Our Knowledge Of Child Abuse1 Brings Into Focus The Limited State Of Our Understanding Of The Long-Term Effects Of The Problem. We Know Too Little About The Impact Of Abuse On Children, And The Findings Of The Study Suggest That We Must Attend To The Social And Familial Circumstances Which Equally Affected The Outcomes Of Cases And Controls. The Study Concludes "That The Effects On Child Development Of Lower-Class Membership May Be As Powerful As Abuse." Other Reports Of The Developmental Sequelae Of Child Abuse Have Emphasized A Range Of Physical, Emotional, Social, And Cognitive Pathology.2-7

scholarly journals The COVID Decade: understanding the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review on the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. This report outlines the evidence across a range of areas, building upon a series of expert reviews, engagement, synthesis and analysis across the research community in the Social Sciences, Humanities and the Arts (SHAPE). It is accompanied by a separate report, Shaping the COVID decade, which considers how policymakers might respond. History shows that pandemics and other crises can be catalysts to rebuild society in new ways, but that this requires vision and interconnectivity between policymakers at local, regional and national levels. With the advent of vaccines and the imminent ending of lockdowns, we might think that the impact of COVID-19 is coming to an end. This would be wrong. We are in a COVID decade: the social, economic and cultural effects of the pandemic will cast a long shadow into the future – perhaps longer than a decade – and the sooner we begin to understand, the better placed we will be to address them. There are of course many impacts which flowed from lockdowns, including not being able to see family and friends, travel or take part in leisure activities. These should ease quickly as lockdown comes to an end. But there are a set of deeper impacts on health and wellbeing, communities and cohesion, and skills, employment and the economy which will have profound effects upon the UK for many years to come. In sum, the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and differences and created new ones, as well as exposing critical societal needs and strengths. These can emerge differently across places, and along different time courses, for individuals, communities, regions, nations and the UK as a whole. We organised the evidence into three areas of societal effect. As we gathered evidence in these three areas, we continually assessed it according to five cross-cutting themes – governance, inequalities, cohesion, trust and sustainability – which the reader will find reflected across the chapters. Throughout the process of collating and assessing the evidence, the dimensions of place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term) played a significant role in assessing the nature of the societal impacts and how they might play out, altering their long-term effects.

scholarly journals Intergenerational scars? The long-term effects of parental unemployment during a depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Aleksi Karhula ◽  
Hannu Lehti ◽  
Jani Erola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Parental Unemployment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
The Impact

We studied the intergenerational impact of parental unemployment on the socioeconomic status of children. We used data from the Finnish depression of the 1990s, one of the deepest depressions in the history of OECD countries. We compared the impact of parental unemployment of children aged 12-18 during both a period of economic growth and a period of depression. We used ISEI status to measure social status when the children reached the age of 30. We used propensity score matching to analyse the high-quality Finnish register data, comprising 15991 children. Our results show a negative association between parental unemployment and children’s later socioeconomic status that is not significantly lower when parental unemployment occurs during a depression. The association is partially driven by the duration of unemployment during the depression. Our results underline the importance of providing support to families that experience parental unemployment during eras of both depression and growth.

scholarly journals How are Children Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Developing Country Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-863
Author(s):  
Kadiann Hewitt-Thompson ◽  
Donnette Wright
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact

This paper sought to discuss how children in developing countries are coping with the social, emotional and financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their daily lives. Additionally, the evidence presented will increase awareness that children also experience varying impact of COVID-19 and provide guidance about coping mechanisms that may change the course of the impact and limit long term effects of the pandemic on them. It also explored the psychosocial influence of social determinants of children living in a developing country, the impact on their academic continuity and the role of parents in supporting children. Finally, the paper proposes pragmatic recommendations for achieving optimal social outcomes for children who experience pandemics.

SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Calista ◽  
Garvin Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parental Affection ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p><em>Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences</em><em>,</em><em> become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can)</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword : </em></strong><em>Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents</em></p>

New Wars and Their Visual Representation: Dead Bodies without Graves/Mourne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tuncay Şur ◽  
Betül Yarar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
War Photography ◽  
New Wars ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to understand why there has been an increase in photographic images exposing military violence or displaying bodies killed by military forces and how they can freely circulate in the public without being censored or kept hidden. In other words, it aims to analyze this particular issue as a symptom of the emergence of new wars and a new regime of their visual representation. Within this framework, it attempts to relate two kinds of literature that are namely the history of war and war photography with the bridge of theoretical discussions on the real, its photographic representation, power, and violence.  Rather than systematic empirical analysis, the paper is based on a theoretical attempt which is reflected on some socio-political observations in the Middle East where there has been ongoing wars or new wars. The core discussion of the paper is supported by a brief analysis of some illustrative photographic images that are served through the social media under the circumstances of war for instance in Turkey between Turkish military troops and the Kurdish militants. The paper concludes that in line with the process of dissolution/transformation of the old nation-state formations and globalization, the mechanism and mode of power have also transformed to the extent that it resulted in the emergence of new wars. This is one dynamic that we need to recognize in relation to the above-mentioned question, the other is the impact of social media in not only delivering but also receiving war photographies. Today these changes have led the emergence of new machinery of power in which the old modern visual/photographic techniques of representing wars without human beings, torture, and violence through censorship began to be employed alongside medieval power techniques of a visual exhibition of tortures and violence.

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