Blood Supply and Function of the Tegmentum Vasculosum (Stria Vascularis) of the Duckling Cochlea

On the basis of ultrastructural, biochemical, cytochemical, and electro-physiological evidence, the stria vascularis, a highly vascular epithelium of the mammalian cochlea, has been implicated as one site of endolymph synthesis. It would seem natural to suspect that its highly developed counterpart in the avian cochlea, the tegmentum vasculosum (TV), might have a similar function. This study utilizes routine light and electron microscopy, biochemistry, cytochemistry, and vascular corrosion casting to describe the structure and blood supply to the (TV) in the duckling and provide evidence for its involvement in endolymph synthesis.Four to 16 week-old ducklings (Anas platyrhyncos)were anesthetized and anticoagulated and perfused via the common carotid arteries with buffered, 2% glutaraldehyde for routine light microscopy or transmission or scanning electron microscopy, or with Mercox resin for vascular corrosion casting. Casts were macerated in 5% KOH and warm water to remove tissue, cleaned in formic acid and water, dried by lyophilization, mounted on stubs and viewed at 10-20 kv by SEM.

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Ultrasonically Induced Changes in Synapses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100098940 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 492-493

Author(s):

M. J. Borrelli

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The Common ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Common Carotid Arteries ◽

The Brain ◽

Tissue Ultrastructure

It had previously been demonstrated that controlled ultrasonic exposures of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) produced reversible nerve potential suppression and irreversible limb paralysis. These functional effects appeared immediately after the exposures,but no abnormal morphology was detected with the light microscope for at least 10 min, and not all exposures resulting in functional changes produced observable altered morphology. It was therefore speculated that ultrasound produced its initial effects within the tissue ultrastructure,and that some post-exposure time was required before any changes attained dimensions observable with light microscopy.Ultrasonically exposed CNS tissue has recently been examined with transmission electron microscopy and induced changes have been observed within 30 sec after the exposure. Adult female cats were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic unit. The animals were prepared for ultrasonic exposure of the brain as described by W. Fry and the common carotid arteries were cannulated.

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Neurons Communication in the Hippocampus of Field CA3 of the White Rat Brain after Acute ischemia

General Reanimatology ◽

10.15360/1813-9779-2018-5-38-49 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 38-49

Author(s):

A. S. Stepanov ◽

V. A. Akulinin ◽

S. S. Stepanov ◽

D. B. Avdeev ◽

A. V. Gorbunova

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Pyramidal Neurons ◽

Molecular Layer ◽

Stratum Radiatum ◽

Acute Ischemia ◽

White Rats ◽

Stratum Lucidum ◽

The Common ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

The aim of this studywas to compare the pyramidal neurons, their processes and synapses in the stratum lucidum, stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum of the molecular layer of the field CA3 of the hippocampus of the brain of white rats in the normal state and after acute ischemia caused by a 20-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries.Materials and methods.In the experiment, using histological methods (hematoxylin and eosin, staining by Nissle and immunohistochemistry for p38, MAP-2) and electron microscopy, the pyramidal neurons of field CA3, their processes and synapses in stratum lucidum, stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum of the molecular layer were studied. The main group included animals in the reperfusion period (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days;n=30), comparison group — falsely operated animals (n=20). Morphometric analysis was performed using ImageJ 1.46, the verification of statistical hypotheses — Statistica 8.0.Results.After occlusion of the common carotid arteries (CCAO) in the field CA3 of hippocampus, reactive, compensatory and reparative reorganization of pyramidal neurons and their communication structures was noted. On day 1, there was a decrease, and then (days 3—14) restoration of the total number of synapses and of P38-positive material within the area of synapses. According to electron microscopy, in the early post-ischemic period, the total numerical density of synaptic contacts in the stratum lacunosum of the molecular layer decreased by 44.8%, and after 14 days recovered to control. In stratum lucidum, the area of P38-positive material decreased by 8.8% after 1 day, and recovered after 3—7 days.Conclusion.After the CCAO, the communication systems of the pyramid neurons of the field CA3 hippocampus of white rats were reorganized. Neurons of the field CA3 had high tolerance to ischemia and ability to restore interneural relations after reperfusion. In the surviving neurons, high levels of the cytoskeleton (MAP-2) marker and synaptic vesicles (p38) were detected. Data demonstrate structural and functional safety of all components of the communication system of a significant part of pyramidal neurons in acute ischemia. After reperfusion, the most significant alterations included the reconstructed interneuron synapses in the stratum radiatum and the lacunosum molecular layer.

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Bilateral Displacement of the Common Carotid Arteries by a Large Goiter

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.3298 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lexian J McBain ◽

Joe Iwanaga ◽

Rod J Oskouian ◽

Marios Loukas ◽

R. Shane Tubbs

Keyword(s):

Carotid Arteries ◽

Large Goiter ◽

The Common ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

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The Biology of Bothrimonus (=Diplocotyle) (Pseudophyllidea: Cestoda): Detailed Morphology and Fine Structure

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f74-025 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 147-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. D. B. Burt ◽

I. M. Sandeman

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Nervous System ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Functional Morphology ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Fish Host ◽

Extensive System ◽

And Function

Light and electron microscopy were used to describe the functional morphology of Bothrimonus sturionis in detail. In particular, the musculature, nervous system, osmoregulatory system, and tegument are dealt with, and the findings compared with those of other workers. The musculature of the scolex consists of several interrelated systems, the structure of each being discussed in relation to its function. Associated with the regular nervous system, considered typical of cestodes, is an extensive system of giant nerve fibers. The osmoregulatory system is unusual in that there are lateral "excretory" pores in many proglottides which open directly to the exterior of the worm. The microtriches of the tegument are long, like those of other primitive cestodes, and are covered by a noncellular sheath while the worm is in its gammarid host. The sheath is lost when the worm becomes established in its fish host; the nature and function of the sheath are discussed.

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Elastolysis Following Partial Constriction of the Common Carotid Arteries of Rabbits

Journal of Electron Microscopy ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a050394 ◽

1983 ◽

Keyword(s):

Carotid Arteries ◽

The Common ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

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Abstract P433: Emerging Lifestyle Factors Predict Carotid Intimal Media Thickness Scores

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p433 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Steven C Masley ◽

Richard Roetzheim ◽

Timothy P McNamara ◽

Lucas V Masley ◽

Douglas D Schocken

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Carotid Imt ◽

The Common ◽

Common Carotid Arteries ◽

Statin Use

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of mortality in the western world. Carotid intimal media thickness (carotid IMT) is a safe and reliable predictor of future CVD risk. Hypothesis: The study aims to assess the hypothesis that lifestyle factors impact carotid IMT, and determine which nutrition and fitness risk factors best predict mean carotid IMT scores. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional analysis of 592 men and women undergoing health and cardiovascular risk screening. This study reflects the first visit of these subjects, age 23 to 65 (mean = 48.2), who are followed longitudinally and who were participants at a “wellness” oriented program for patients who are generally well-educated and mostly in good health. Measurements were made of fitness using VO2max stress testing and push-up and sit-up scores following the American College of Sports Medicine testing protocols, diet intake using a 3-day dietary intake survey and computerized analyses. Mean carotid IMT scores were obtained using high resolution B-mode ultrasonography of the common carotid arteries. Each subject had ≥10 images collected from the far wall of the right and left distal 1 cm of the common carotid arteries at end diastole. The carotid intimal thickness was measured as a continuous variable, using both multivariate linear and bivariate linear regression. Multivariate analyses adjusted for potential confounders using multiple linear regression and included measures of body composition, blood pressure, fasting lipid and glucose levels, and statin use. Results: Multivariate analyses show that higher mean carotid IMT values are associated with increasing age (p<0.0001), male gender (p<.0.0001), lower aerobic capacity (p=0.0045), lower intake of fish (p=0.05), and lower intake of zinc (p=0.0002). Bivariate analyses controlling for age and gender, with and without statin use, showed higher mean carotid IMT scores were statistically associated with lower levels of aerobic fitness, (p = 0.0007), lower intake of fiber (p=0.02) and lower intake of magnesium (p=0.019). Intake of protein, carbohydrate, and fat as percent of calories; as well as intake of saturated fat, sodium, calcium, potassium, and vitamin K; measures of strength (assessed with push-up and sit-up testing); and self-reported exercise minutes per week were not associated with mean carotid IMT scores. Conclusions: In this database, aerobic fitness and dietary intake of fiber, fish, magnesium, and zinc are associated with lower carotid IMT scores. Further studies are warranted to explore the impact of emerging lifestyle factors on cardiovascular risk and clinical outcomes.

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Doppler Assessment of the Effect of Chewing Qat on Hemodynamics of the Common Carotid Arteries

Journal of Medical Sciences(Faisalabad) ◽

10.3923/jms.2017.95.101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Ibrahim ◽

Bushra Hussein A. Malik ◽

Moawia Gameraddin

Keyword(s):

Carotid Arteries ◽

The Common ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

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Secondary Flow in the Human Common Carotid Artery Imaged by MR Angiography

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2895439 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 147-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

C. G. Caro ◽

C. L. Dumoulin ◽

J. M. R. Graham ◽

K. H. Parker ◽

S. P. Souza

Keyword(s):

Human Subject ◽

Mr Angiography ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Flow Imaging ◽

Dynamic Flow ◽

Healthy Human Subject ◽

Healthy Human ◽

The Common ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

The blood flow in arteries affects both the biology of the vessels and the development of atherosclerosis. The flow is three dimensional, unsteady, and difficult to measure or to model computationally. We have used phase-shift-based magnetic resonance angiography to image and measure the flow in the common carotid arteries of a healthy human subject. There was curvature of the vessels and thin-slice dynamic flow imaging showed evidence of the presence of secondary motions. Flexing the cervical spine straightened the vessels and reduced the asymmetry of the flow.

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Effect of basolateral acidification on the frog oxynticopeptic cell

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.4.g564 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 259 (4) ◽

pp. G564-G570 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Arvidsson ◽

K. Carter ◽

A. Yanaka ◽

S. Ito ◽

W. Silen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Intracellular Acidification ◽

Intracellular Acidosis ◽

Normal Morphology ◽

And Function ◽

Oxynticopeptic Cells

The effects of intracellular acidosis induced by acidification of the basolateral (nutrient) perfusate on the structure and function of the oxynticopeptic cell were studied in in vitro frog gastric mucosa. Changing the pH of the unbuffered nutrient perfusate (UNB) from 7.2 to 3.5 acidified the oxynticopeptic cell with no change in potential difference (PD) or resistance (R). Intracellular pH (pHi), PD, and R were 7.05 +/- 0.01, 16 +/- 1 mV, 165 +/- 7 omega.cm2 before and 6.44 +/- 0.01, 16 +/- 2 mV, 170 +/- 9 omega.cm2 after nutrient acidification. Acid secretion (H+) increased from 0.86 +/- 0.07 to 1.88 +/- 0.18 mu eq.cm-2.h-1. Addition of forskolin to tissues perfused with nutrient pH (pHn) 3.5 decreased PD to 2 +/- 2 mV and further increased H+ to 3.07 +/- 0.19 mu eq.cm-2.h-1. By light and electron microscopy oxynticopeptic cells perfused with UNB, pHn 3.5, appeared normal. Oxynticopeptic cells in tissues pretreated with omeprazole and then exposed to UNB, pHn 3.5, had extensive morphological damage. On increasing the pH of the nutrient perfusate from 3.5 to 7.2 there was prompt recovery of pHi in untreated and forskolin-stimulated mucosae (pHi 6.87 +/- 0.06 and 6.85 +/- 0.04) but no recovery of pHi in tissues pretreated with omeprazole or cimetidine (pHi 6.26 +/- 0.04 and 6.44 +/- 0.06, n = 6, 30 min after reexposure to UNB, pHn 7.2). We conclude that in a secreting mucosa intracellular acidification of the oxynticopeptic cell to pHi 6.4 is associated with normal morphology, PD, R, and increased H+, and that intracellular acidosis is not de facto deleterious.

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