Spectroscopic and Microscopic Study of Peroxyformic Pulping of Agave Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda M. Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Jorge J. Chanona-Pérez ◽  
Alberto Vega ◽  
Pablo Ligero ◽  
Reynold R. Farrera-Rebollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Agave Fibers

AbstractThe peroxyformic process is based on the action of a carboxylic acid (mainly formic acid) and the corresponding peroxyacid. The influences of processing time (60–180 min), formic acid concentration (80–95%), temperature (60–80°C), and hydrogen peroxide concentration (2–4%) on peroxyformic pulping of agave leaves were studied by surface response methodology using a face-centered factorial design. Empirical models were obtained for the prediction of yield,κnumber (KN) and pulp viscosity as functions of the aforementioned variables. Mathematical optimization enabled us to select a set of operational variables that produced the best fractionation of the material with the following results: pulp yield (26.9%), KN (3.6), and pulp viscosity (777 mL/g). Furthermore, this work allowed the description and evaluation of changes to the agave fibers during the fractionation process using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, and provided a comprehensive and qualitative view of the phenomena occurring in the delignification of agave fibers. The use of confocal and scanning electron microscopy provided a detailed understanding of the microstructural changes to the lignin and cellulose in the fibers throughout the process, whereas Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that cellulose in the pulp after treatment was mainly of type I.

Formic Acid-Peroxyformic Acid Pulping of Aspen Wood: An Optimization Study

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abad ◽  
V. Santos ◽  
J. C. Parajó
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Alkaline Resistance ◽  
Peroxyformic Acid

Summary Populus tremula* Populus tremuloides wood samples were subjected to three-stage pulping in formic acid media with hydrogen peroxide addition, according to the Milox process. By means of three incomplete, second-order, centered, factorial designs, the effects of selected operational variables on the composition and technical properties of pulps were assessed for optimization purposes. Under the best conditions assayed, a pulp with 2.30% lignin, 87.0 % cellulose and 3.25% xylan was obtained at 53.2% pulp yield. Good SCAN viscosity (826 ml/g), reduced Kappa number (9.0) and satisfactory alkaline resistance (R-10 = 89.0; R-18 = 91.0) proved the potentiality of the selected pulp for dissolving pulp production.

scholarly journals Determination of Ideal Cooking Conditions for Pulp Production from Avocado Wood (Persea americana Mill.) by Kraft Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
Gülşah Altunışık Bülbül ◽  
Ayhan Gençer
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Primary Basis ◽  
Pulp Production ◽  
Cooking Conditions ◽  
The Ideal

In this study, hand sheets were made from pulp produced by the Kraft method using avocado wood. The raw materials were supplied by a fruit orchard and consisted of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees that had completed their useful life and were cut during routine thinning maintenance. In order to determine the ideal cooking conditions in the production of pulp from avocado wood via the Kraft method, 16 cooks were carried out by varying the cooking time (T), active alkali (AA), and sulfidity (S) ratios. The general pulp properties, especially the screened pulp yield, pulp viscosity, and Kappa number, were evaluated. The pulp yield was taken as the primary basis in determining the cooking conditions. The ideal cooking conditions were also determined by considering some physical, mechanical, and optical properties of the paper. According to this study, the conditions found to be ideal in pulp production from avocado (Persea americana Mill.) wood via the Kraft method were: 18 % AA, 22 % S, and 75 min T.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Process of Abies Wood Peroxide Delignification in the Medium “Formic Acid-Water” in the Presence of TiO₂ Catalyst

2019 ◽  
pp. 522-535
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Garyntseva ◽  
Irina G. Sudakova ◽  
Anna I. Chudina ◽  
Yuri N. Malyar ◽  
Boris N. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Peroxide Delignification

The experimental and mathematical optimization of abies wood peroxide delignification process in the formic acid – water medium in the presence of TiO₂ catalyst was carried out. It was established that in the temperature range 70-100 °С the rate constants of the delignification process vary between 0.4 and 3.2 · 10-4 min-1. The optimal parameters for the production of cellulose product with a residual lignin content of ≤ 3 wt.% were determined (temperature 100 °С, concentration Н₂О₂ 10 wt.%, НCOOН 38 wt.%, LWR 15, time 4 h). The features of abies wood peroxide delignification processes in the presence of TiO₂ catalyst in “ formic acid – water” and “acetic acid – water” were compared. It was shown the possibility of abies wood fractionation in the medium “ formic acid-water” to high-quality cellulose with the yield of 94 wt.% (the content of residual lignin 2.3 wt.%) and to low molecular weight lignin with the yield of 21 wt.% (average molecular weight 1854 g/mol and polydispersity 1.65). The obtained chemically active lignin can be used for the production such valuable products as enterosorbents, nanoporous carbon materials, aerogels

Multistage oxygen delignification of high-kappa pine kraft pulp with peroxymonosulfuric acid (Px)

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Jafari ◽  
Herbert Sixta ◽  
Adriaan van Heiningen
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Pine Wood Chips

Abstract In the present study the advantages of multistage oxygen delignification was explored in comparison with a single-stage process at the same level of total caustic charge. A pine kraft pulp with kappa number of 65 (Kn65) was bleached with the focus on the effect of NaOH-charge distribution on Kn, pulp yield, and selectivity of oxygen delignification. The effect of initial chelation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and interstage pulp treatment with peroxymonosulfuric acid (Px) were also investigated. It is shown that the chelated pulp with high Kn may be delignified in three stages to Kn15, but at an unacceptable reduction in pulp viscosity and yield. In contrast, interstage treatment of the chelated pulp with Px at a total charge of 2% active oxygen (based on pulp) in combination with three stages of oxygen delignification enables Kn reduction to about 15 at acceptable viscosity and total yield advantage of about 0.5% (based on wood) compared to an oxygen-delignified kraft pulp with Kn24 derived from the same pine wood chips.

scholarly journals Formic Acid Pulping of Bagasse

1970 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Atmospheric formic acid pulping of bagasse was done with varying formic acid concentration and cooking time. Pulp yield and kappa number decreased with increasing formic acid concentration or cooking time. The optimal cooking conditions were 90 % formic acid and 90 min of cooking at 95°C. The pulp yield at this condition was 44.4 % and kappa number 26.1. The strength properties were acceptable in formic acid pulping of bagasse. Addition of H2SO4 catalyst in formic acid degraded carbohydrate, resulting lower pulp yield and inferior strength properties. The strength properties were improved slightly after bleaching. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 245-250, 2006

Chemithermomechanical and kraft pulping of Pinus radiata wood chips after the hydrothermal extraction of hemicelluloses

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Reyes ◽  
André Ferraz ◽  
Miguel Pereira ◽  
Jaime Rodríguez ◽  
Regis Teixeira Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Hemicellulose Removal ◽  
Hydrothermal Extraction

Abstract Pinus radiata D. Don wood chips were submitted to a hydrothermal (HT) process, which is a pretreatment with pressurized water at P-factors of 20 (E1) and 1200 (E2), leading to 27% and 56% of hemicellulose removal, respectively. The residual wood chips were pulped by the chemithermomechanical (CTMP) and kraft processes. The pulp yield in the HT/CTMP process was in the range of 56–75%. The cellulose yields were not affected by the HT pretreatment, whereas the solubilization of hemicelluloses and lignin was intensified. The HT process provided energy savings in the refining of CTMP pulps, and the E1/CTMP pulp had a similar tensile and increased tear strength as the control wood. For kraft pulping, the HT wood chips demanded more active alkali (AA) to achieve a κ number (KN) of 30, and consequently, a decrease in pulp yield was observed (47.2% yield in the control and 44.4% and 37.8% in the E1 and E2 pulps, respectively). The fiber length decreased in the E1 and E2 kraft pulps compared with their control samples. In the E1 pulps, the tensile, tear, and burst indexes decreased by 10%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. Considering the low hemicellulose content and pulp viscosity in the range of 800–900 ml g-1, the mild HT process of P. radiata would be better suited for preparing cellulose-rich materials instead of paper-grade pulps under the biorefinery concept.

scholarly journals Modeling of acetosolv pulp yields from plantain stalk

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
B. O. Ogunsile ◽  
M. A. Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Organosolv Pulping ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Acetosolv Pulping

Organosolv pulping processes have been developed as a substitute to the conventional process because of its little or no emission into the environment. Plantain stalk was subjected to acetosolv pulping at atmospheric conditions under the influence of three operating parameters, namely, concentration of acetic acid, H2SO4 – catalyst and time. The influence of the operationalvariables on the pulp yield was evaluated using a second - order factorial design. The results showed that the highest pulp yield was 64.14 % which was obtained at the lowest value of the operational variables. The greatest influence on the pulp yield was caused by the concentration of acetic acid while the H2SO4 – catalyst had the least. The polynomial equation derived predicted the pulp yields with errors less than 6 %.Keywords: Acetosolv, pulp yield, operational variables, factorial design

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