scholarly journals Now more than ever: World Health Assembly revisits primary health care

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris van Weel ◽  
Jan De Maeseneer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Primary Health

Health Care Ten years after Alma Ata

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (267) ◽  
pp. 519-530
Author(s):  
Andrei K. Kisselev ◽  
Yuri E. Korneyev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
Human Right ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Year 2000

In 1977 the Thirtieth World Health Assembly decided that the main social goal of governments and WHO should be “the attainment by all citizens of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life”.The International Conference on Primary Health Care (PHC), meeting in Alma Ata, USSR, in 1978, asserted that health is a human right and that health care should be accessible, affordable and socially relevant.

Provision of rehabilitation of the disabled on the community level

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1174) ◽  
pp. 139-140 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
First Time

A few years ago, when the World Health Assembly adopted the resolution on primary health care, it was decided to include rehabilitation of the disabled as an integral part of the programme. Thus the needs of the 400 million disabled in the world were for the first time recognized as a priority by the most representative body in the world of health authorities and experts. What is the W. H. O. doing to implement this resolution? First, a couple of household surveys in developing countries were undertaken, and we were able to confirm that the estimate of 10% disabled was correct. We were also able to go a step further: it would be reasonable to estimate that at any one day 60 million people in the world could be helped to a better life through the provision of rehabilitation - through the improvement of their functional capacity, through education and vocational measures and, not the least, through a better understanding of their problems and better acceptance in the community - all of this aiming at better integration of the disabled into the mainstream of our societies.

Nursing Profession’s Contribution to Person- and People-Centered Primary Health Care

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Yukiko Kusano ◽  
Erica Ehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Integration Of Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Strategic Role

Background: Equity and access to primary health care (PHC) services, particularly nursing services, are key to improving the health and well-being of all people. Nurses, as the largest group of healthcare professionals delivering services wherever people are, have a unique opportunity to put people at the centre of care, making services more effective, efficient and equitable.Objectives: To assess contributions of nurses to person and people-centered PHC. Methods: Analysis of nursing contributions under each of the four sets of the PHC reforms set by the World Health Organization.Results: Evidence and examples of nursing contributions are found in all of the four PHC reform areas. These include: expanding access;addressing problems through prevention; coordination and integration of care; and supporting the development of appropriate, effective and healthy public policies; and linking field-based innovations and policy development to inform evidence-based policy decision making.Conclusions:Nurses have significant contributions in each of the four PHC reform areas. The focus of nursing care on people-centeredness, continuity of care, comprehensiveness and integration of services, which are fundamental to holistic care, is an essential contribution of nurses to people-centered PHC. Nurses’ contributions can be optimised through positive practice environments, appropriate workforce planning and implementation andadequate education and quality control though strong regulatory principles and frameworks. People-centered approaches need to be considered both in health and non-health sectors as part of people-centered society. A strategic role of nurses as partners in services planning and decision-making is one of the key elements to achieve people-centered PHC.

scholarly journals The origins of Ethiopia's primary health care expansion: The politics of state building and health system strengthening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Croke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Programmes

Abstract Ethiopia’s expansion of primary health care over the past 15 years has been hailed as a model in sub-Saharan Africa. A leader closely associated with the programme, Tedros Adhanom Gebreyesus, is now Director-General of the World Health Organization, and the global movement for expansion of primary health care often cites Ethiopia as a model. Starting in 2004, over 30 000 Health Extension Workers were trained and deployed in Ethiopia and over 2500 health centres and 15 000 village-level health posts were constructed. Ethiopia’s reforms are widely attributed to strong leadership and ‘political will’, but underlying factors that enabled adoption of these policies and implementation at scale are rarely analysed. This article uses a political economy lens to identify factors that enabled Ethiopia to surmount the challenges that have caused the failure of similar primary health programmes in other developing countries. The decision to focus on primary health care was rooted in the ruling party’s political strategy of prioritizing rural interests, which had enabled them to govern territory successfully as an insurgency. This wartime rural governance strategy included a primary healthcare programme, providing a model for the later national programme. After taking power, the ruling party created a centralized coalition of regional parties and prioritized extending state and party structures into rural areas. After a party split in 2001, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi consolidated power and implemented a ‘developmental state’ strategy. In the health sector, this included appointment of a series of dynamic Ministers of Health and the mobilization of significant resources for primary health care from donors. The ruling party’s ideology also emphasized mass participation in development activities, which became a central feature of health programmes. Attempts to translate this model to different circumstances should consider the distinctive features of the Ethiopian case, including both the benefits and costs of these strategies.

scholarly journals Integrated people-centred primary health care in Greece: unravelling Ariadne’s thread

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Lionis ◽  
Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis ◽  
Adelais Markaki ◽  
Elena Petelos ◽  
Sophia Papadakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The 40th anniversary of the World Health Organization Alma-Ata Declaration in Astana offered the impetus to discuss the extent to which integrated primary health care (PHC) has been successfully implemented and its impact on research and practice. This paper focuses on the experiences from Greece in implementing primary health care reform and lessons learned from the conduct of evidence-based research. It critically examines what appears to be impeding the effective implementation of integrated PHC in a country affected by the financial and refugee crisis. The key challenges for establishing integrated people-centred primary care include availability of family physicians, information and communication technology, the prevention and management of chronic disease and migrant and refugees’ health. Policy recommendations are formulated to guide the primary health care reform in Greece, while attempting to inform efforts in other countries with similar conditions.

Health for All and Primary Health Care, 1978–2018: A Historical Perspective on Policies and Programs Over 40 Years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Rifkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

In 1978, at an international conference in Kazakhstan, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund put forward a policy proposal entitled “Primary Health Care” (PHC). Adopted by all the World Health Organization member states, the proposal catalyzed ideas and experiences by which governments and people began to change their views about how good health was obtained and sustained. The Declaration of Alma-Ata (as it is known, after the city in which the conference was held) committed member states to take action to achieve the WHO definition of health as “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Arguing that good health was not merely the result of biomedical advances, health-services provision, and professional care, the declaration stated that health was a human right, that the inequality of health status among the world’s populations was unacceptable, and that people had a right and duty to become involved in the planning and implementation of their own healthcare. It proposed that this policy be supported through collaboration with other government sectors to ensure that health was recognized as a key to development planning. Under the banner call “Health for All by the Year 2000,” WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund set out to turn their vision for improving health into practice. They confronted a number of critical challenges. These included defining PHC and translating PHC into practice, developing frameworks to translate equity into action, experiencing both the potential and the limitations of community participation in helping to achieve the WHO definition of health, and seeking the necessary financing to support the transformation of health systems. These challenges were taken up by global, national, and nongovernmental organization programs in efforts to balance the PHC vision with the realities of health-service delivery. The implementation of these programs had varying degrees of success and failure. In the future, PHC will need to address to critical concerns, the first of which is how to address the pressing health issues of the early 21st century, including climate change, control of noncommunicable diseases, global health emergencies, and the cost and effectiveness of humanitarian aid in the light of increasing violent disturbances and issues around global governance. The second is how PHC will influence policies emerging from the increasing understanding that health interventions should be implemented in the context of complexity rather than as linear, predictable solutions.

Primary Health Care. Suicide Prevention Proposal. Santiago del Estero. Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S570-S570
Author(s):  
T. Sanchez Cantero ◽  
R. Costilla ◽  
M. Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Young People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Commit Suicide

Background and aimSuicide is a serious and growing problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, for each death there are twenty attempts on record. Every year over 800,000 people commit suicide, that is, one in every forty. 45% of the people who commit suicide visit their Primary Health Care physician in the previous month. Seventy-five percent of suicides take place in countries with medium or low income and Argentine heads the suicide rate in Latin America. In the last twenty years the death by suicides rate in young people (aged 15–35) and has decreased in older age groups (+ 55), which historically presented the highest rates. In the inner zone of the province of Santiago del Estero, suicides have increased among teenagers [1].AimsTo know suicide statistics in young people in the last decade so that a prevention scheme can be produced.MethodsDescriptive observational study.ResultsIn the province of Santiago del Estero suicides occur more frequently among young people, aged 15–35, and the rate has increased significantly in the inner zone of the province.ConclusionsThe analysis carried out reveal that this problem in increasing in our province and it requires analysis and consensus in order to design a model of Primary Health Care Prevention.Disclosure of InterestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of no competing interest.

scholarly journals Climate change and primary health care intervention framework

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rae Walker ◽  
South East Healthy Communities Partnership
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Health Care Intervention ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Harmful Effects

Climate change has been described as the issue of our times. The World Health Organization argues that it will result in both beneficial and harmful effects for human populations and that the harms are likely to outweigh the benefits. Climate scientists can sketch an outline of the probable changes by country, and even region within a country. The effect of climate change on communities is much harder to predict. However, it can be argued with some confidence that the effects will be unequally distributed across communities and that the ways in which communities respond will make a substantial difference to their wellbeing. This paper uses the predictions for climate change in Victoria, Australia, as the background to a discussion of primary health care principles and how they might translate into coping, adaptation and mitigation activities within the primary health care sector. The major primary health care agencies are linked to one another through Primary Care Partnership structures and processes, which provide a foundation for sector-wide responses to climate change. The concept of a storyline, a brief scenario capturing the logic of changes and potential responses, is used to link evidence of climate change effects on communities and individuals to potential responses by primary health care agencies.

scholarly journals Impact of the ICD–10 Primary Health Care (PHC) diagnostic and management guidelines for mental disorders on detection and outcome in primary care

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Croudace ◽  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
Glynn Harrison ◽  
Deborah J. Sharp ◽  
Ellen Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
World Health ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Health Organization

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) ICD–10 Primary Health Care (PHC) Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Mental Disorders (1996) have not been evaluated in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT).AimsTo evaluate the effect of local adaptation and dissemination of the guidelines.MethodPragmatic, pair-matched, cluster RCT involving 30 practices.ResultsGuideline practices were less sensitive but more specific in identifying morbidity, but these differences were not significant. Guideline patients did not differ from usual-care patients on 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores at 3-month follow-up or in the proportion who were still cases. There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes.ConclusionsAttempts to influence clinician behaviour through a process of adaptation and extension of guidelines are unlikely to change detection rates or outcomes.

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