Perceived welfare issues in dairy cattle, with special emphasis on metabolic stress

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Cow Welfare ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractThere appears to be little consensus on the extent and the exact nature of the dairy cow welfare problem. In the present paper the welfare of cows is described in the light of metabolic stress. The duration of lactation relative to level of production is highlighted as the main factor which sets the dairy cow apart from other lactating mammals. A conceptual diagram of the components and effects of metabolic load is given, a number of questions are raised and two aspects of dairy production are highlighted which relate to the welfare of modern dairy cows. These relate to decreased fertility in high yielding cows and the cumulative effects of successive lactations. Finally, the need for the dairy industry to participate actively and openly in the welfare debate is emphasized.

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

scholarly journals Prevalent Parasitosis in Beef and Dairy Cattle Farms in Vidzeme Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (329) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Dace Keidāne ◽  
Anna Krūklīte ◽  
Alīna Derbakova
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Cattle Farms

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the beef and dairy cow parasitosis epizootic situation in Vidzeme region. Research was done throughout Vidzeme territory during the period of the years 2013-2014. The total number of animals examined was: 273 dairy and 90 young beef cattle aged from 6 months to two years and 248 dairy and 29 beef cows older than two years. For the diagnosis of helminthes standardized ovoscopic and larvoscopic methods were used. For the diagnosis of protozoa flotation and modified Ziehl-Neelsen methods were used. The main species in the samples were Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp. and Strongylus spp. In the young dairy and beef cattle aged from 6 months to two years and cattle older than two years Cryptosporidium spp. invasion accordingly was 32.6% and 19% (dairy cattle) and 62.2% and 65.5% (beef cattle); the invasion of Eimeria spp. 30% and 7.3% (dairy cattle) and 55.6% and 10.3% (beef cattle); and the invasion of Strongylus spp. was 17.6% and 13.7% (dairy cattle) and 43.3% and 27.6% (beef cattle). Both dairy and beef cattle were infected with Moniezia spp., Paramphistomum spp., Strongyloides spp. Dairy cows aged from 6 months to two years had Trichuris spp., Dictyocaulus spp. and Neoscaris spp. invasion.

scholarly journals Inovasi Suplemen Pakan Sakura Blok Plus untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Susu Sapi Perah

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Amir Husaini Karim Amrullah ◽  
Dadang Suherman ◽  
Jarmuji Jarmuji
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Last Stage

Giving sakura block plus that contain katuk leaf and turmeric flour are expected to increase the production of milk from dairy cow in Sumber Mulya livestock group. Community service activities are carried out through several stages: socialization, training, demonstration plots, and field tests. Socialization aims to provide an understanding of the purpose and objectives of the activity. The training has several objectives, namely the introduction of sakura block plus supplements, understanding the benefits of sakura block plus supplements for dairy cattle, materials and equipment used, and practices. Making sakura block plus begins with weighing ingredients, then mixed them until blended. Then, heat the brown sugar that has been mixed with 20% water. After that, mix the ingredients with brown sugar. Next, sakura block plus is pressed by presses tool. The last stage is wrapping it using plastic wrap. The demonstration plot and field test were conducted for three months and using three dairy cattle. The forage consumption of dairy cows used in demonstration plots ranges from 40-45 kg/head/day. Milk production in Sumber Mulya livestock group is 10.28 liters/head/day. The use of sakura blok can increase milk production 2 until 3 liters/head/day. The average milk production after using sakura block plus can reach 13 liters/head/day.Keywords: katuk leaf; livestock group; milk; suplement.

Impact of circulating concentrations of progesterone and antral age of the ovulatory follicle on fertility of high-producing lactating dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richard Pursley ◽  
Joäo Paulo N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
The World ◽  
Conception Rates

Dairy cow infertility negatively affects profit of dairy production enterprises around the world, and enhancing conception rates of dairy cows is a critical management issue to resolve. It appears that conception rates of dairy cows are attenuated due to reduced progesterone concentrations in circulation during growth of the ovulatory follicle. It is not clear how reduced progesterone influences fertility, but data presented in this brief review suggest that it can be somewhat reversed through increasing concentrations of progesterone during the growth of the ovulatory follicle before luteolysis. Ovsynch protocols may be utilised to enhance progesterone concentrations through the induction of an accessory corpus luteum (CL) following the initial gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment. Cows at Day 13 of the oestrous cycle with a 7-day-old accessory CL had ~50% more progesterone at the time of prostaglandin injection of Ovsynch compared with cows with only a Day 13 CL. Ovsynch can consistently induce an accessory CL following the initial GnRH treatment if cows are on Days 6 or 7 of the oestrous cycle at the time of treatment. Pre-synchrony strategies are critical to enhance the probability that cows will be on Days 6 or 7 at first GnRH treatement of Ovsynch.

scholarly journals Strategy and Policy on Dairy Cattle Development in Areas Outside Java Island in Supporting Domestic Fresh Milk Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Dwi Priyanto ◽  
Dewi Rahmayuni
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Right

<p>Production of domestic fresh milk has not yet meet the national milk demand, so high amount of milk is still imported (88.56%). The distribution of the dairy cattle population is still concentrated in Java Island (98.84%) which already has limited available land resources. The low productivity of dairy cow is due to the decline in the quality of breed, limited feed and capital. The business scale majority is still low, although its institutional aspect has been well established with the existence of cooperatives and the milk processing industry. This paper discusses the strategies and policies for developing dairy cows in areas outside Java which are appropriate from the upstream to the downstream aspects. The development of dairy cows in areas outside Java Island is still slow, even experiencing a population decline in the last 4 years by 66.21% compared to that in Java that has an increase of 22.09%. Barriers include weak human resource factors, lack of availability of feed (forages and concentrates), low milk productivity and quality, and the production market which is the main thing in dairy business has not been developed. There were many obstacles encountered when dairy cow development program in areas outside Java island was established. Therefore, it requires strategies and policies as well as steps that must be carried out on target. There are several things that need to be done, namely selecting the location, procuring the right breed, training the human resources (target breeders), planting forage and making concentrates, and the main thing is institutional development (upstream to downstream), especially institutions for milk production and marketing. Routine assistance by related agencies and other institutions is needed to ensure the sustainability of dairy farming outside Java.</p>

scholarly journals Status, Characterization and Typology of Dairy Cattle Farms in Northern Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Said BOUKHECHEM ◽  
Nora MIMOUNE ◽  
Mohamed Khalil GHOZLANE ◽  
Nassim MOULA ◽  
Rachid KAIDI
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Northern Algeria ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Cattle Farms

The aim of this study was to make a finding about the structural, functional and performance aspects of 217 dairy farms in northern Algeria through a survey, then to establish a diagnosis and a typology of these farms.The results showed that farms had an average size of 42.7 ± 102 ha, of which 34.5% was fodder area (FA), and an average of 28 ± 34.5 livestock units (LU) per farm, of which 65% were dairy cows (DC) dominated mainly by the Holstein and Montbeliarde breeds (74.8% of the total herd). The average number of annual work unit (AWU) was 2.98 ± 1.92 AWU/farm of which 78 ± 35% was a family labour. The farms’ performances were generally low. Dairy production (DP) average was 14.3 ± 4.77 kg/cow/day/farm, while fertility represented by calving interval (CI) was 397 ± 20.2 days/cow/farm. The use of multidimensional statistical methods has identified five types of farms.This study revealed a poor exploitation of the dairy potential of cows raised in Algeria, with the dominance of archaic breeding practices that oppose the welfare of these cows. To optimize dairy farming, solutions have been proposed.

scholarly journals Practical use of clinical cytology for the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Leao Rodríguez Fierros ◽  
Gerardo Quiroz Rocha ◽  
Luis Núñez Ochoa ◽  
Adolfo Aparicio Cecilio ◽  
Eligio Gabriel Salgado Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Hepatic Lipidosis ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

Hepatic lipidosis is a metabolic disorder that occurs frequently in dairy cattle. Its clinical evaluation on dairy farms is complex, as it is based on physi­cal, chemical and biological tests. The present study evaluates the practical use of hepatic cytology in dairy cattle and suggests that overall health and dairy production rates of animals are not compromised with this procedure. Cell and blood samples were obtained from 25 randomly selected multipa­rous Holstein dairy cows at three different times during the transition period (at calving and at 10 and 21 days postpartum). The values of haematocrit, plasma protein, fibrinogen, and total and differential leucocyte counts were determined, together with total protein, albumin, glutamate dehydrogenase, triacylglycerides, cholesterol and ß-hydroxybutyrate. Cytological results were classified by the detected degree of fatty infiltration, and haematological and metabolic results were compared between each sampled period. The health status and the daily milk production at each sampling stage were recorded. Obtained results indicated that the animals did not show significant clinical inflammation or a decrease in dairy production, which could be deemed secondary to the cytological sampling. This technique is thus regarded as a feasible alternative for the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Using Expert Elicitation to Abridge the Welfare Quality® Protocol for Monitoring the Most Adverse Dairy Cattle Welfare Impairments

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. M. Tuyttens ◽  
Sophie de Graaf ◽  
Sine Norlander Andreasen ◽  
Alice de Boyer des Roches ◽  
Frank J. C. M. van Eerdenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Welfare Measures ◽  
Welfare Quality ◽  
Cow Welfare ◽  
Welfare Index ◽  
Selection Of

The Welfare Quality® consortium has developed and proposed standard protocols for monitoring farm animal welfare. The uptake of the dairy cattle protocol has been below expectation, however, and it has been criticized for the variable quality of the welfare measures and for a limited number of measures having a disproportionally large effect on the integrated welfare categorization. Aiming for a wide uptake by the milk industry, we revised and simplified the Welfare Quality® protocol into a user-friendly tool for cost- and time-efficient on-farm monitoring of dairy cattle welfare with a minimal number of key animal-based measures that are aggregated into a continuous (and thus discriminative) welfare index (WI). The inevitable subjective decisions were based upon expert opinion, as considerable expertise about cattle welfare issues and about the interpretation, importance, and validity of the welfare measures was deemed essential. The WI is calculated as the sum of the severity score (i.e., how severely a welfare problem affects cow welfare) multiplied with the herd prevalence for each measure. The selection of measures (lameness, leanness, mortality, hairless patches, lesions/swellings, somatic cell count) and their severity scores were based on expert surveys (14–17 trained users of the Welfare Quality® cattle protocol). The prevalence of these welfare measures was assessed in 491 European herds. Experts allocated a welfare score (from 0 to 100) to 12 focus herds for which the prevalence of each welfare measure was benchmarked against all 491 herds. Quadratic models indicated a high correspondence between these subjective scores and the WI (R2 = 0.91). The WI allows both numerical (0–100) as a qualitative (“not classified” to “excellent”) evaluation of welfare. Although it is sensitive to those welfare issues that most adversely affect cattle welfare (as identified by EFSA), the WI should be accompanied with a disclaimer that lists adverse or favorable effects that cannot be detected adequately by the current selection of measures.

scholarly journals Welfare assessment for dairy cows in loose stalls

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavca Hristov ◽  
Zvonko Zlatanovic ◽  
Branislav Stankovic ◽  
Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Vesna Davidovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Welfare Quality ◽  
Cow Welfare ◽  
Insight Into

In this paper, welfare assessment using the methodology of the Welfare quality ? assessment protocol for cattle (2009) was performed for dairy cows maintained in the loose system of rearing on three dairy farms. This methodology includes quantitative measurements and qualitative evaluation of certain welfare parameters, criteria and principles of welfare, as well as assessment of the overall welfare of dairy cows. The results showed that the overall level of dairy cow welfare was acceptable on two farms, and was good on one. On two farms, the state of the cows? social behavior expression was unacceptable. Furthermore, on all three farms, the expression of other types of cow behavior was not acceptable. At one farm, it was determined that the result for the absence of prolonged thirst was unacceptable. Based on these results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to improve the quality of cow welfare on these farms. The applied methodology provides a multidimensional insight into the quality of cow welfare in the loose system.

scholarly journals Recycled manure solids as a bedding material: Udder health, cleanliness and integument alterations of dairy cows in mattress stalls

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilli Frondelius ◽  
Heli Lindeberg ◽  
Matti Pastell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Cow Welfare ◽  
Bedding Materials

Interest in using recycled manure solids (RMS) as a bedding material for dairy cattle is increasing, but suitable information for Nordic housing conditions is scarce. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of RMS bedding on dairy cow welfare compared to peat bedding commonly used in Finland. We conducted a 2 × 3-month cross-over study with two groups of 24 lactating dairy cows, where first three months one group was housed with RMS-bedding and the other group with peat-bedding and then vice versa for the next three months. We followed integument alterations, cleanliness of the animals and udder health fortnightly. With RMS bedding cows had less severe integument alterations in tarsal joints (p=0.0031) and their udders were cleaner (p=0.0109) compared to peat. Somatic cell count did not differ between bedding materials, but link between RMS bedding and the small number of cases of clinical mastitis cannot be ruled out. Based on this study, RMS could provide an economical and renewable bedding source for Nordic dairy farms, with no major effects on animal welfare.

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