Impact of bovine respiratory disease in U.S. beef cattle

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Brad J. White ◽  
Bob L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common and costly diseases of beef cattle. Much research has been conducted to understand prevention, treatment, and economic impacts of this syndrome. Impacts from BRD occur in multiple phases of the beef industry including both pre- and post-weaned calves. This disease causes negative impacts due to production losses, treatment costs, and cattle mortality. The large scope of BRD impacts merits further research on effective prevention and intervention technologies to limit deleterious impacts to the cattle industry.

Overview of the North American beef cattle industry and the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delbert G. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
21St Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us

AbstractThe North American beef cattle industry has endured many changes throughout the years but is encountering some of the most dramatic challenges in history during the first decade of the 21st century. The US beef cattle inventory increased from 1990 to a high of 103.5 million in 1996 and since has declined to a low of 94.5 million on 1 January 2009. Even though economic signals have encouraged the cow herd to increase over the last 5 years, a significant decrease occurred during 2008. It is difficult to determine the precise cost of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) to the industry but it is reported to be greater than US$500 million per year. Data from our practice indicate that losses from BRD over the last 18 years have been characterized by 5-year cycles of decreases and increases. Perhaps it is time for the industry to look for ways to reduce death loss by methods that focus on the animal's response to the pathogens instead of continuing to focus on the pathogens.

scholarly journals Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maodong Zhang ◽  
Janet E. Hill ◽  
Champika Fernando ◽  
Trevor W. Alexander ◽  
Edouard Timsit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing

scholarly journals Influenza C and D viral load in cattle correlates with bovine respiratory disease (BRD): Emerging role of orthomyxoviruses in the pathogenesis of BRD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth H. Nissly ◽  
Noriza Zaman ◽  
Puteri Ainaa S. Ibrahim ◽  
Kaitlin McDaniel ◽  
Levina Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Influenza C Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the costliest disease affecting the cattle industry globally. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of BRD is not yet fully understood. It is widely believed that viruses predispose cattle to bacterial infection by causing direct damage to the respiratory tract and interfering with the immune system, leading to bacterial pneumonia. BRD remains a major challenge despite extensive vaccination against all major viral pathogens associated with the disease. Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza C & D viruses), have recently been found to infect cattle throughout the United States and are implicated to play a role in BRD. Here, we use the largest cohort study to date to investigate the association of influenza viruses in cattle with BRD. Cattle (n=599) from 3 locations were individually observed and scored for respiratory symptoms using the McGuirk scoring system. Deep pharyngeal and mid-nasal swabs were collected from each animal and were tested quantitatively for bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, influenza C virus (ICV) and influenza D virus (IDV) by real-time PCR. Cattle that have higher viral loads of IDV and ICV also have greater numbers of co-infecting viruses than controls. More strikingly, in BRD-symptomatic cattle, the geometric mean of detectable IDV viral RNA was nearly 2 logs higher in co-infected animals (1.30×104) than those singly infected with IDV (2.19×102). This is strong evidence that viral coinfections can lead to higher replication of IDV. Our results strongly suggest that orthomyxoviruses may be significant contributors to BRD.

scholarly journals A systematic review and network meta-analysis of injectable antibiotic options for the control of bovine respiratory disease in the first 45 days post arrival at the feedlot

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
A. M. O'Connor ◽  
D. Hu ◽  
S. C. Totton ◽  
N. Scott ◽  
C. B. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Biological Index

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy of antibiotics used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle on feedlots. The information sources for the review were: MEDLINE®, MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE® Daily, AGRICOLA, Epub Ahead of Print, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science, the Proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, World Buiatrics Conference, and the United States Food and Drug Administration Freedom of Information New Animal Drug Applications summaries. The eligible population was weaned beef cattle raised in intensive systems. The interventions of interest were injectable antibiotics used at the time the cattle arrived at the feedlot. The outcome of interest was the diagnosis of BRD within 45 days of arrival at the feedlot. The network meta-analysis included data from 46 studies and 167 study arms identified in the review. The results suggest that macrolides are the most effective antibiotics for the reduction of BRD incidence. Injectable oxytetracycline effectively controlled BRD compared with no antibiotics; however, it was less effective than macrolide treatment. Because oxytetracycline is already commonly used to prevent, control, and treat BRD in groups of feedlot cattle, the use of injectable oxytetracycline for BRD control might have advantages from an antibiotic stewardship perspective.

New approaches to genetic evaluation of beef cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
E. John Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Reduced Animal Model ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

The beef cattle industry in the United States has undergone dramatic changes over the past decade with the adoption of genetic evaluation programs. The method of choice has been Henderson's mixed model methodology for best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). The most prevalently used model is the animal model (Henderson and Quaas, 1976) computed by the equivalent reduced animal model (Quaas and Pollak, 1980).Neither the methodology or the models being used are particularly new. What is new in this industry is the widespread application of these techniques to the analysis of the data banks maintained by the breed organizations. Today many breed associations publish a national sire evaluation, and most of these have published their first in the last three years. This rapid proliferation of published evaluations has coincided with an attitude in the industry of promoting specification beef and predictable performance. Genetic evaluations provide information not only to achieve goals in selection but as well for merchandizing cattle based on quantifiable potential. The enthusiasm for genetic evaluations right now in the U.S. beef industry is high.

Genetic evaluation for the beef industry in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
H-U. Graser ◽  
B. Tier ◽  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
S. A. Barwick
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

Genetic evaluation for beef cattle in Australia has been performed using an animal model with best linear unbiased prediction since 1984. The evaluation procedures have evolved from simple to more complex models and from few to a large number of traits, including traits for reproduction, growth and carcass characteristics. This paper describes in detail the current beef cattle genetic evaluation system ‘BREEDPLAN’ used for the Australian beef cattle industry, the traits analysed and underlying models, and presents a short overview of the challenges and planned developments of coming years.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease—A Broad Cross-Sectional Study of Beef Cattle at Entry Into Canadian Feedlots

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Andrés-Lasheras ◽  
Reuben Ha ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Catrione Lee ◽  
Calvin W. Booker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histophilus Somni

A broad, cross-sectional study of beef cattle at entry into Canadian feedlots investigated the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis, bacterial members of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Upon feedlot arrival and before antimicrobials were administered at the feedlot, deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 2,824 feedlot cattle in southern and central Alberta, Canada. Data on the date of feedlot arrival, cattle type (beef, dairy), sex (heifer, bull, steer), weight (kg), age class (calf, yearling), source (ranch direct, auction barn, backgrounding operations), risk of developing BRD (high, low), and weather conditions at arrival (temperature, precipitation, and estimated wind speed) were obtained. Mannheimia haemolytica, P. multocida, and H. somni isolates with multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles associated with the presence of integrative and conjugative elements were isolated more often from dairy-type than from beef-type cattle. Our results showed that beef-type cattle from backgrounding operations presented higher odds of AMR bacteria as compared to auction-derived calves. Oxytetracycline resistance was the most frequently observed resistance across all Pasteurellaceae species and cattle types. Mycoplasma bovis exhibited high macrolide minimum inhibitory concentrations in both cattle types. Whether these MDR isolates establish and persist within the feedlot environment, requires further evaluation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document