scholarly journals Influenza C and D viral load in cattle correlates with bovine respiratory disease (BRD): Emerging role of orthomyxoviruses in the pathogenesis of BRD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth H. Nissly ◽  
Noriza Zaman ◽  
Puteri Ainaa S. Ibrahim ◽  
Kaitlin McDaniel ◽  
Levina Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Influenza C Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the costliest disease affecting the cattle industry globally. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of BRD is not yet fully understood. It is widely believed that viruses predispose cattle to bacterial infection by causing direct damage to the respiratory tract and interfering with the immune system, leading to bacterial pneumonia. BRD remains a major challenge despite extensive vaccination against all major viral pathogens associated with the disease. Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza C & D viruses), have recently been found to infect cattle throughout the United States and are implicated to play a role in BRD. Here, we use the largest cohort study to date to investigate the association of influenza viruses in cattle with BRD. Cattle (n=599) from 3 locations were individually observed and scored for respiratory symptoms using the McGuirk scoring system. Deep pharyngeal and mid-nasal swabs were collected from each animal and were tested quantitatively for bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, influenza C virus (ICV) and influenza D virus (IDV) by real-time PCR. Cattle that have higher viral loads of IDV and ICV also have greater numbers of co-infecting viruses than controls. More strikingly, in BRD-symptomatic cattle, the geometric mean of detectable IDV viral RNA was nearly 2 logs higher in co-infected animals (1.30×104) than those singly infected with IDV (2.19×102). This is strong evidence that viral coinfections can lead to higher replication of IDV. Our results strongly suggest that orthomyxoviruses may be significant contributors to BRD.

Bovine respiratory disease research (1983–2009)

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) research has provided significant understanding of the disease over the past 26 years. Modern research tools that have been used include monoclonal antibodies, genomics, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (IHC), DNA vaccines and viral vectors coding for immunogens. Emerging/reemerging viruses and new antigenic strains of viruses and bacteria have been identified. Methods of detection and the role for cattle persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were identified; viral subunits, cellular components and bacterial products have been characterized. Product advances have included vaccines for bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida; the addition of BVDV2 to the existing vaccines and new antibiotics. The role of Mycoplasma spp., particularly Mycoplasma bovis in BRD, has been more extensively studied. Bovine immunology research has provided more specific information on immune responses, T cell subsets and cytokines. The molecular and genetic basis for viral–bacterial synergy in BRD has been described. Attempts have been made to document how prevention of BRD by proper vaccination and management prior to exposure to infectious agents can minimize disease and serve as economic incentives for certified health programs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Paolo Capozza ◽  
Michele Losurdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a serious health and economic problem in the beef industry, which is often associated with transportation and caused by different pathogens. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, in the nasal microbiota of beef steers before and after the same long-distance journey from France to southern Italy was documented. Fifty-six Limousine animals of three different shipments, travelling on three different days from February to April, were included. Prior to shipment (T0) and four days after arrival (T1), two DNS/animal were collected and tested by Real Time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Univariate logistic regression was carried out, considering time and day as fixed factors and the outcome of qPCR for each pathogen as a dependent categorical dichotomous variable (positive/negative, 1/0). The fact that the number of H. somni positive animals were found to be higher in the third shipment than the first and second one, indicating that this pathogen was already present before loading, is relevant. The prevalence of BCoV, BRSV, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, P. multocida was higher at T1 than T0, suggesting that other factors, such as stress and the epidemiological status of the arrival farm, played a role. The tested animals were not treated before and after transport, and our results are in agreement with the current literature, supporting the hypothesis that the prevalence of pathogens related to BRD would increase after travelling, with an increased risk of pathogens shedding.

scholarly journals Bovine respiratory disease in Brasil: a short review

2021 ◽  
pp. 2081-2110
Author(s):  
Mariana Motta Castro ◽  
◽  
Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Selwyn Arligton Headley ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a multifactorial and multietiological disease entity described in all geographic regions of Brazil. This brief review discusses aspects related to epidemiology, etiologic agents, clinical and pathological manifestations, and challenges in the diagnosis of BRD in Brazil. The main infectious disease agents associated with respiratory outbreaks in cattle from Brazil are bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and Mycoplasma bovis. Ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 and HoBi-like pestivirus have been associated with the development of pneumonia in adult cattle and calves, respectively in Brazil, and should be considered as possible causes of BRD. Additionally, studies using epidemiological data, histopathological and molecular associations with morbidity and mortality should be carried out in Brazil, to demonstrate the real impacts of BRD on livestock.

scholarly journals Serological investigation of antibodies against respiratory viruses in calves from Brazilian family farming and their relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália C. Gaeta ◽  
Bruno L.M. Ribeiro ◽  
Mario A.R. Alemán ◽  
Eidi Yoshihara ◽  
Eduardo C. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is responsible for economic losses in cattle production. Viruses are categorized as primary etiological agents. The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BoHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in healthy and BRD calves from family farming in relation to clinical signs of BRD. Hundred and forty-five calves were randomly selected and physical examination was performed. Only 123 animals were classified as healthy and BRD calves. Antibodies were evaluated by virus neutralization test. Person’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed as univariate analysis. Binary Logistic Regression was applied as multivariate analysis. Variables with P<0.10 were considered statistically significant. Variables with 0.15<P<0.10 were considered as statistical tendencies. Antibodies against BoHV-1, BVDV, and BRSV were detected in 32%, 23% and 37% animals. Antibodies against both three viruses were detected in 26.8% of calves. The presence of antibodies against BRSV were associated to normal heart rates (P=0.018) and unilateral airflow (P=0.035). Tendency was observed to unilateral airflow (P=0.06) Statistical tendencies were observed to Ab-BoHV-1 and body temperature (P=0.119) and breathing pattern (P=0.123). The profile of antibodies against respiratory viruses in calves from Brazilian family farming was firstly described. The results confirmed the importance of some clinical signs to viral infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated factors of viral agents of the bovine respiratory disease complex in buffaloes of Colombia

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misael Enrique Oviedo Pastrana ◽  
Erly Carrascal-Triana ◽  
Matiluz Doria Ramos ◽  
Diego Ortiz Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Transversal Study

ABSTRACT: The bovine respiratory disease complex causes sizable losses for livestock producers. Its presentation involves the interaction among multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. Viral agents include: bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine alphaherpesvírus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus (bPI3v) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV); so far, these viruses have been little studied in the buffalo population. This study is aimed to assess the presence of these viruses in buffalo populations of the department of Córdoba, Colombia. A transversal study was conducted upon assessment of 37 farms and 861 buffaloes. Seroprevalence in animals were as follows: 21.7% (BVDV), 51.5% (BoHV-1), 73.6% (bPI3v) and 58.9% (BSRV), while seroprevalence in farms stood at: 94.6% (BVDV), 100% (BoHV-1), 100% (bPI3v) and 100% (BSRV). Conversely, the multiple seropositivity in buffaloes or past coinfection of viral agents amounted to 23.3% for a single virus, 31.8% for two viruses, 29.4% for three viruses and 7.1% for four viruses; only 8.4% of buffaloes were seronegative for four viruses. This is the first regional epidemiological study in the buffalo populations of Colombia and the results showed viral circulation and multiple seropositivity in animals; in addition, the high prevalence found pose a concerning epidemiological threat.

scholarly journals Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC): Viral and bacterial pathogens in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kurcubic ◽  
R. Djokovic ◽  
D. Vidanovic ◽  
M. Sekler ◽  
K. Matovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Pathogens causing BRDC in Serbia were investigated. Two herds of beef cattle with bovine respiratory disease were included, with twenty diseased calves (10 from each farm) were chosen for isolation of bacteria on artificial culture media and determination by aerobic cultivation. The most common bacterial pathogen was isolated was Pasteurella multocida. Diffusion method of sensitivity to antibiotics (antibiogram), revealed that Enrofloxacin and Floron were most efficient antibiotics against Pasteurella multocida isolates (100 % isolates sensitive on both antibiotics). From the all examined samples (n=20) using the method of Real Time PCR (RT-PCR and PCR) we determined the genome sequences of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), but in none of the samples genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1).

PSXV-22 Effect of inclusion of dried citrus pulp in the receiving supplement for newly received stocker cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
Haley Yeatter ◽  
Beth B Kegley ◽  
Reagan N Cauble ◽  
Jana Reynolds ◽  
Ben P Shoulders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Stocker Cattle ◽  
Livestock Markets ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Citrus pulp is a source of flavonoids which have been found to have antioxidant properties. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of feeding dried citrus pulp on performance of newly received calves. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 254, initial body weight = 248 ± 5.9 kg) were obtained on 3 dates (block, 8 pens/block). Treatments were: 1) a corn and distillers’ grains based receiving supplement (control) or 2) a receiving supplement that contained 20% dried citrus pulp (replacing a portion of the corn). Upon arrival from regional livestock markets, cattle had access to hay and water and rested overnight then were processed the next day in which they received an identification tag, were vaccinated with a clostridial and a 5-way modified live bovine respiratory viral, dewormed, weighed, branded, and ear notched for detection of persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Each truckload was assigned randomly to pens resulting in 8 pens with 9 to 12 heifers/pen. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of the 2 treatments. Cattle were offered bermudagrass hay and water for ad libitum intake and were offered up to 1.8 kg/day of their appropriate receiving supplement. Overall average daily gain for the 42-day receiving period was increased (P &lt; 0.01) for calves fed the supplement that included dried citrus pulp (1.01 kg/day) compared to the calves fed the control supplement (0.90 kg/day). However, the percentage of calves treated for clinical bovine respiratory disease was increased (P &lt; 0.05) for calves fed the citrus pulp containing supplement (14% morbidity) compared to control calves (7% morbidity). The supplementation of dried citrus pulp to calves improved growth performance, but did not reduce the incidence of clinical bovine respiratory disease during the receiving period; however, clinical morbidity was low for both treatments.

scholarly journals A systematic review and network meta-analysis of injectable antibiotic options for the control of bovine respiratory disease in the first 45 days post arrival at the feedlot

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
A. M. O'Connor ◽  
D. Hu ◽  
S. C. Totton ◽  
N. Scott ◽  
C. B. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Biological Index

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy of antibiotics used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle on feedlots. The information sources for the review were: MEDLINE®, MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE® Daily, AGRICOLA, Epub Ahead of Print, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science, the Proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, World Buiatrics Conference, and the United States Food and Drug Administration Freedom of Information New Animal Drug Applications summaries. The eligible population was weaned beef cattle raised in intensive systems. The interventions of interest were injectable antibiotics used at the time the cattle arrived at the feedlot. The outcome of interest was the diagnosis of BRD within 45 days of arrival at the feedlot. The network meta-analysis included data from 46 studies and 167 study arms identified in the review. The results suggest that macrolides are the most effective antibiotics for the reduction of BRD incidence. Injectable oxytetracycline effectively controlled BRD compared with no antibiotics; however, it was less effective than macrolide treatment. Because oxytetracycline is already commonly used to prevent, control, and treat BRD in groups of feedlot cattle, the use of injectable oxytetracycline for BRD control might have advantages from an antibiotic stewardship perspective.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida Isolate P1062, Isolated from Bovine Respiratory Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Abrahante ◽  
Samuel S. Hunter ◽  
Samuel K. Maheswaran ◽  
Melissa J. Hauglund ◽  
Fred M. Tatum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence

Here, we report the draft genome of Pasteurella multocida isolate P1062 recovered from pneumonic bovine lung in the United States in 1959.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Development of Bovine Respiratory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beef Steers Shipped From France to Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Martina Zappaterra ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Gigliola Ficco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers (n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida. Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and P. multocida increased dramatically (p &lt; 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 (p &lt; 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida (p &lt; 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni (p &lt; 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations.

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