“This Astounding Car for $1,500”: The Year Automobile Advertising Came of Age

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-523
Author(s):  
Rob Schorman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Market Saturation

In 1906, a writer declared that it remained an “unsolved problem whether the automobile is to prove a fad like the bicycle, or a lasting factor in the industry of the country.” A few years later, concerned with the possibility of overproduction and market saturation, auto executives and other commentators were writing articles for the advertising trade press with titles like “Why Auto Production Must Be Curtailed” and “The Fading of the Automobile Rainbow.” Considering that by the early twenty-first century, the United States had a population of nearly 300 million people and an average of 2.1 registered motor vehicles per household, it is difficult to appreciate how uncertain the industry’s status seemed in its early years. Yet although contemporary observers may not have known it, in many ways by the end of 1908 the foundation stoneswere already in place for a hundred years of automotive economic and cultural preeminence in the United States. Two events from that year are well known as harbingers of the industry’s future. In September, General Motors was established, and in October, Ford introduced its Model T to the nation's auto dealers. In time, these developments had a profound impact on American automobile manufacture and management.

5. The secret afterlife of silent film

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Donna Kornhaber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
First Century ◽  
Film Exhibition ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Animated Films ◽  
Transition To Sound

The year 1929 is often seen as marking the end of silent film. “The secret afterlife of silent film” questions this date, demonstrating how that year only signaled the end of production in major studios in the United States. Once the technology for synchronization and amplification became available, the transition to sound in the motion picture industry was smoother than is often depicted. Silent film production continued in pockets around the globe until nearly the middle of the century, as did silent film exhibition. Elements of silent film persist even in the early twenty-first century, from avant-garde to animated films. Silent film is still beloved by critics and cinephiles, and the innovations of the silent period arguably contribute to the ongoing appeal of cinema itself.

Industrialization, Hubs, and Catch-up

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Catch Up

This chapter analyses the striking changes in the geographical distribution of manufacturing production amongst countries and across continents since 1750, a period that spans more than two-and-a-half centuries, which could be described as the movement of industrial hubs in the world economy over time. Until around 1820, world manufacturing production was concentrated in China and India. The Industrial Revolution, followed by the advent of colonialism, led to deindustrialization in Asia and, by 1880, Britain became the world industrial hub that extended to northwestern Europe. The United States surpassed Britain in 1900, and was the dominant industrial hub in the world until 2000. During 1950 to 2000, the relative, though not absolute, importance of Western Europe diminished, and Japan emerged as a significant industrial hub, while the other new industrial hub, the USSR and Eastern Europe, was short lived. The early twenty-first century, 2000–2017, witnessed a rapid decline of the United States, Western Europe, and Japan as industrial hubs, to be replaced largely by Asia, particularly China. This process of shifting hubs, associated with industrialization in some countries and deindustrialization in other countries in the past, might be associated with premature deindustrialization in yet other countries in the future.

Liam Scarlett

2021 ◽  
pp. 685-704
Author(s):  
Susan Cooper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
School Graduate ◽  
Swan Lake ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
One Act

This chapter examines the work and career of British choreographer Liam Scarlett (born 1986), former artist in residence at The Royal Ballet (2012-2020), and artistic associate with Queensland Ballet (2016-2020). This chapter charts Scarlett’s meteoric rise to become one of the most highly sought-after contemporary ballet creators, placing his oeuvre within the British ballet heritage and the wider international dance field of the twenty-first century. A Royal Ballet School graduate, Scarlett began his global career subsequent to his first major Royal Ballet commission in 2010; therefore, this account is of a choreographer in what may be seen as his early years. Scarlett’s output comprises both plotless and narrative one-act ballets and full-evening works. He also produced The Royal Ballet’s Swan Lake in 2018. Scarlett’s choreographic style is rooted in classical ballet in the British tradition, following Sir Frederick Ashton and Sir Kenneth MacMillan, yet he grew up in a culture where contemporary dance was popular and respected, and he has worked alongside radical creator Wayne McGregor at The Royal Ballet. Scarlett’s works show a clear influence of non-traditional balletic norms, and his narrative ballets tend towards darkly dramatic themes. His international career includes commissions for major ballet companies in Australia, the United States of America, New Zealand, Denmark and Norway, and key works include Asphodel Meadows (2010), Viscera (2012), and Frankenstein (2016).

Evolution of the Mexico-U.S. Migration System: Insights from the Mexican Migration Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 684 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Durand ◽  
Douglas S. Massey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Undocumented Migration ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Migratory Experience

Since 1987, the Mexican Migration Project (MMP) has collected and disseminated representative survey data on documented and undocumented migration to the United States. The MMP currently includes surveys of 161 communities, which together contain data on 27,113 households and 169,945 individuals, 26,446 of whom have U.S. migratory experience. These data are used here to trace the evolution of the Mexico-U.S. migration system from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first century, revealing how shifts in U.S. immigration and border policies have been critical to the formation of different eras of migration characterized by distinctive patterns of migration, settlement, and return in different legal statuses. The current era is characterized by the repression of the large population of undocumented migrants and their U.S. citizen children by an ongoing regime of mass detention and deportation and the simultaneous recruitment of Mexican workers for exploitation on short-term temporary visas. As the dynamics of Mexican migration to the United States continue to change, they will be monitored and analyzed in subsequent waves of data collection by the MMP.

The Children of Low-Status Immigrants and Youth Unemployment in the United States and Western Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba ◽  
Nancy Foner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Native Youth

This chapter examines the challenges faced by the children of low-status immigrants in education and the labor market. While youth in general face more challenges in the early twenty-first-century than their parents and grandparents did, many of these second-generation youth face a special set of hurdles because of their disadvantaged immigrant origins. In education, the second generations originating from low-status groups suffer “ethnic penalties.” One reason is that many adults in positions of authority in school systems and workplaces hold prejudices that lead to subtle or occasionally blatant discrimination against these second-generation youth. The problems in the educational system are compounded by those these youth face when they enter the labor market. In general, they are less likely to be employed than native youth with comparable educational attainment, and sometimes, as in France and Germany, these employment penalties are large.

A Comparison of the Early Twenty-First Century Drought in the United States to the 1930s and 1950s Drought Episodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 2579-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Heim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Areal Extent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Early Twenty

Abstract The United States experienced a severe drought that peaked in 2012 and was characterized by near-record extent, record warmth, and record dryness in several areas. For some regions, the 2012 drought was a continuation of drought that began in earlier years and continued through 2014. The 1998–2014 drought episode is compared to the two other major drought episodes of the twentieth century in terms of duration, areal extent, intensity, and spatial pattern using operational datasets produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Centers for Environmental Information. It is characterized by more short-term dryness, more concurrent (regional) wetness, and warmer temperatures than the other two drought episodes. The implications of these differences for water resource managers and decision-makers are discussed.

Element 75—Rhenium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scerri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
University College London

Th e element rhenium lies two places below manganese in group VII of the periodic table (fi g. 5.1). Its existence was predicted by Mendeleev when he first proposed his periodic table in 1869. This group is rather unique because when the periodic table was first published, it possessed only one known element, manganese, with at least two gaps below it. Th e first gap was eventually filled by element 43, technetium, while the second gap was filled by rhenium. But rhenium was the first to be discovered, in 1925, by Walter Noddack and Ida Tacke (later Noddack) (fi g. 5.2) and Otto Berg in Germany. In the course of an arduously long extraction, they of the ore molybdenite. The German discoverers called their element “rhenium” after Rhenus, Latin for the river Rhine, which fl owed close to the place where they were working. They also believed that they had isolated the other element missing from group 7, or element 43, which eventually became known as technetium, but this was hotly disputed by several other researchers. As recently as the early years of the twenty-first century, research teams from Belgium and the United States reanalyzed the X-ray evidence from the Noddacks and argued that they had in fact isolated element 43. But these further claims have been debated by many radiochemists and physicists and now have been laid to rest, at least for the time being. By a further odd twist of fate, the Japanese chemist Masataka Ogawa believed that he had isolated element 43 and called it nipponium even earlier, in 1908. His claim too was discredited at the time but as recently as 2004 it has been argued that he had in fact isolated rhenium rather than element 43, well before the Noddacks and Berg. Otto Hahn’s first entry into the fi eld of radioactivity was as a student of Ramsay’s at University College, London, just after the beginning of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Quilts: Unfolding personal and public histories in South Africa and the United States

Image & Text ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha MacDowell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Private Collections

Quilts and related textiles are a particularly capacious textile medium through which the intersection of materiality and narratives can be explored. There are thousands of extant historical examples to be found in public and private collections, and the "quilt world" of the early twenty-first century is robust and enormous. There are literally millions of individuals around the globe who are involved in some aspect of quilt production, preservation, and study. This article provides a brief overview of quiltmaking and quilt studies in the United States and in South Africa. It draws upon samples of work from both countries to illustrate how, through their needles and their stories, quilt artists provide unique windows into personal and public histories.

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