scholarly journals Anti-ELAB Movement, National Security Law, and heterogeneous institutional trust in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans H. Tung ◽  
Ming-Jen Lin ◽  
Yi-Fan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
National Security ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Institutional Landscape ◽  
The One

AbstractHow does repression on opposition protests affect citizens' institutional trust under dictatorships? There has been a burgeoning literature investigating empirically both long- and short-term impacts of protests and their repression on citizens' political preferences in both democratic and nondemocratic contexts. Yet, the literature tells us relatively little about how the above question could be answered. This paper tries to answer this question by taking advantage of a recent natural experiment in Hong Kong when Beijing suddenly adopted the National Security Law (NSL) in June 2020 to repress dissidents' protest mobilization. Our findings are twofold. First of all, the NSL drove a wedge in the Hong Kong society by making the pro-establishment camp more satisfied with the post-NSL institutions on the one hand, while alienating the pro-democracy camp who lost tremendous trust in them on the other. Second, our study also reveals that one's trust in institutions is significantly associated with the regimes' ability to curb protesters' contentious mobilization. The Hong Kongers who had higher confidence in the NSL to rein in protests would also have a greater level of trust than those who didn't. The effect, however, is substantially smaller among pro-democracy Hong Kongers except for their trust in monitoring institutions. As Beijing is transforming Hong Kong's current institutions from within hopes of bringing about a new political equilibrium, our study helps provide a timely assessment of Hong Kong's institutional landscape and sheds light on how likely this strategy can work.

Hidden “holes” in the capital of banks and the supply of credit to the real sector of economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The One

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.

Measuring Absolute Membrane Potential Across Space and Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Lazzari-Dean ◽  
Anneliese M.M. Gest ◽  
Evan W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
The One

Membrane potential (Vmem) is a fundamental biophysical signal present in all cells. Vmem signals range in time from milliseconds to days, and they span lengths from microns to centimeters. Vmem affects many cellular processes, ranging from neurotransmitter release to cell cycle control to tissue patterning. However, existing tools are not suitable for Vmem quantification in many of these areas. In this review, we outline the diverse biology of Vmem, drafting a wish list of features for a Vmem sensing platform. We then use these guidelines to discuss electrode-based and optical platforms for interrogating Vmem. On the one hand, electrode-based strategies exhibit excellent quantification but are most effective in short-term, cellular recordings. On the other hand, optical strategies provide easier access to diverse samples but generally only detect relative changes in Vmem. By combining the respective strengths of these technologies, recent advances in optical quantification of absolute Vmem enable new inquiries into Vmem biology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 50 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Why did it not work? Reflections on regulating Airbnb and the complexity and agency of platform capitalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Christian Smigiel
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Mobile Capital ◽  
Urban Institution ◽  
The One

Abstract. This article deals with one of the most controversial topics in urban studies related to mobile capital and mobile people. At first glance this seems to be contradictory since numbers of short-term rentals have decreased dramatically due to the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. However, this paper is not about numbers and statistics. Instead it discusses structural issues regarding governance and power relations which remain important topics (especially) in times of crisis. It provides insights regarding the following issues: firstly, it deconstructs different “myths” that still surround short-term rentals and Airbnb and secondly, it delineates the structural power of Airbnb as a new urban institution. This helps us to understand some of the conflicts over Airbnb and the pitfalls with current forms of regulation on the one side as well as showing the complexity and agency of short-term rentals on the other.

Bonds and Barriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 260-294
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Guglielmo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
World War ◽  
Enlisted Personnel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Chapter 7 follows nonblack minorities through their training and service in the United States. America’s World War II military, from its top leaders to its enlisted personnel, simultaneously built and blurred a white-nonwhite divide alongside its black-white one. On the one hand, the blurring stemmed from a host of factors, including the day-to-day intermingling of troops, the activism of nonblack minorities, and, paradoxically, the unifying power of the black-white divide among nonblacks. On the other hand, this blurring had its limits. White-nonwhite lines cropped up in some of the same places black-white ones did and in some different ones, too, especially those related to national security and Japanese Americans. In the end, these lines remained in place throughout the war years, despite continuous blurring. They did so in part because of these racialized national security concerns and because of the power of civilian racist practices and investments.

Digital Media and Memory Balkanization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L.F. Lee ◽  
Joseph M. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 8 discusses the impact of digital media on collective memory. The chapter examines both the positive and negative impact of digital and social media. On the one hand, the analysis notes how digital media provided the channels for memory mobilization and the archives for memory transmission. On the other hand, the analysis examines the problematics of memory balkanization. It explicates how political forces have shaped the development of digital and social media in Hong Kong and how competing representations of the Tiananmen Incident and commemoration activities are articulated and reinforced within distinctive memory silos.

Metabolism of Uranium in the Rat after Inhalation of Two Industrial Forms of Ore Concentrate: The Implications for Occupational Exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Stradling ◽  
J.W. Stather ◽  
S.A. Gray ◽  
J.C. Moody ◽  
M. Ellender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bearing Material ◽  
Ammonium Diuranate ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Class D ◽  
The One ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Aerosols produced from two commercially available ore concentrates in which the uranium was present essentially in the one as ammonium diuranate (ADU) and in the other as uranium octoxide (U3O8) were administered to rats. The results show that: 1 uranium in the ADU bearing material was cleared rapidly from the lungs, mainly to the blood, such that the retention kinetics were similar to those for a class D (highly transportable) compound as defined by ICRP; 2 uranium in the U 3O8 bearing material was removed from the lungs principally by mechanical processes, the retention kinetics in this case being similar to those defined for a class Y (poorly transportable) compound; 3 for both materials the distribution of uranium amongst body tissues and the fraction of the systemic content excreted in urine were similar to those obtained after the injection of soluble hexavalent compounds; 4 for workers potentially exposed to both these materials, urine monitoring and lung radioactivity counting measurements should be used in addition to air sampling procedures for assessing the intake of uranium. 5 intakes of the ADU bearing material should be restricted to those permitted for short-term exposures on the basis of chemical toxicity, whereas those for the U3O 8 bearing material should be governed by radiation dose.

Social Ethos and the Teaching of Politics in Post-1997 Hong Kong: A Teachers' Account

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Wai Wa Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Examination ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Political Subject ◽  
Self Rule ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Ethos

Government and Public Affairs (GPA), a political subject with public examinations, was founded in the mid-1980s. It was part of the attempt to prepare Hong Kong people for the development of representative government, which would be needed for self-rule after reunification with China in 1997. This article reports GPA teachers' perceptions of the prevailing social ethos after the change of sovereignty. The teachers explain how they will teach politics amidst an increasingly difficult social environment, marked by conservatism and promotion of nationalistic sentiment on the one hand and by political divisions and sensitivity towards political teaching on the other. The teachers' top priority becomes that of good public examination results and, partly because of this, a highly teacher-centred mode of teaching is commonly adopted. Teachers are aware of the risk of indoctrination in political teaching. However, this is only considered a problem relating to the government's attempt to influence people's minds and the teachers never think of themselves as possible indoctrinators. Besides, many of them believe that they should share their beliefs with students. Though the teachers in general support democracy, paradoxically, excessive commitment to the belief is found in some cases to bring forth pedagogies of an authoritative nature.

Influence of the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala on avian diversity and abundance in remnant Grey Box woodland

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merilyn J. Grey ◽  
Michael F. Clarke ◽  
Richard H. Loyn
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Experimental Removal ◽  
Noisy Miner ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Eucalypt Woodlands ◽  
Manorina Melanocephala ◽  
The One

The abundance of an aggressive Australian honeyeater, the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala, was reduced at four small (<8 ha) Grey Box Eucalyptus microcarpa woodland remnants by experimental removal. The diversity and abundance of small insectivorous and nectarivorous birds increased at three of the four sites (relative to matching control sites) over the twelve months following the removal of the Noisy Miners. The one exception occurred at a pair of sites where eucalypts began flowering at one site and finished at the other during the Noisy Miner removal period. These results, taken together with those from three earlier experiments where the abundance of Noisy Miners was reduced in Mugga Ironbark E. Sideroxylon woodland remnants, demonstrate that Noisy Miners affect avian diversity and abundance by aggressive exclusion of other species. In five out of seven experiments, Noisy Miners did not reinvade the small woodland remnants during the ensuing twelve months. When Noisy Miner abundance was reduced, increased populations of small insectivorous and nectarivorous birds used small degraded woodland remnants. Colonizing populations of small birds have the potential to reduce insect infestations and may assist in the recovery of dieback-affected woodland remnants. Research is continuing to test this hypothesis. Reducing the abundance of Noisy Miners in remnant eucalypt woodlands may also be a useful, short-term measure, which could assist in the recovery of threatened or endangered bird species.

The czech experience with inflation targeting in transition

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Šmídková ◽  
Miroslav Hrnčíř
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
The One

This paper argues that inflation targeting is a strategy that can be under certain conditions adopted by central banks in countries in transition even though their typical goal is to disinflate instead of stabilising low inflation. On the one hand, according to the Czech experience, inflation targeting offers several benefits, such as increasing control over expectations and short-term flexibility of monetary strategy, that are attractive for economy in transition. On the other hand, constraints imposed by period of transition as well as by openness of economy are present no matter which monetary strategy is chosen by the central bank. Implied costs should not be attributed to a particular monetary strategy. Inflation targeting has made various factors constraining monetary policy more visible and, as a result, requirements on the quality of decisions as well as on communication strategy have increased.

scholarly journals Linguistic democratization in HKE across registers: The effects of prescriptivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-89
Author(s):  
Lucía Loureiro-Porto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
The One ◽  
Hong Kong English

The second half or the twentieth century witnessed the emergence and expansion of linguistic changes associated to a number of processes related to changes in socio-cultural norms, such as colloquialization, informalization and democratization. This paper focuses on the latter, a phenomenon that has been claimed to be responsible for several ongoing changes in inner-circle varieties of English, but is rather unexplored in outer-circle varieties. The paper explores Hong Kong English and studies two linguistic sets of markers that include items that represent the (old) undemocratic alternative and the (new) democratic option, namely modal must vs. semi-modals have (got) to, need (to) and want to, and epicene pronouns including undemocratic generic he, on the one hand, and democratic singular they and conjoined he or she, on the other. Using the Hong Kong component of the International Corpus of English, and adopting a register approach, the paper reaches conclusions regarding the role played by prescriptivism in the diffusion of democratic items.

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