Globalisation, Democratisation and the Institutional Transformation of Taiwan's Welfare Regime

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Der Lue
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
World Market ◽  
Small States ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Industrialised Countries

In the context of the discussion about the governance capacity of small states in the world market raised by Katzenstein, the case of East Asian newly industrialised countries is an interesting one. This article takes the development of social policy in Taiwan as a case study through which to explore the role of social policy in the process of rapid industrialisation in small states. It is argued that in the initial phase of industrialisation the productive component of social policy was highlighted by the developmental state to serve the goal of economic development. Social policy functioned at this stage as an effective instrument to dampen the cost of labour and thus contributed to the low-cost strategy of developmental state. Since the 1980s, however, social policy has been profoundly transformed as a consequence of economic globalisation on the one hand and domestic democratisation on the other. It is argued that social policy making since the 1990s in Taiwan has shifted in emphasis from the productive to the consumptive component. Finally, it is suggested that three factors will be decisive in determining Taiwan's social policy in the future: limited governmental revenues, fiscal strain due the public debt problem and the steering capacity of minority governments.

scholarly journals Business Strategy, State-Owned Equity and Cost Stickiness: Evidence from Chinese Firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Tingyong Zhong ◽  
Fangcheng Sun ◽  
Haiyan Zhou ◽  
Jeoung Yul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Cost Strategy ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management Expectations ◽  
Cost Stickiness

This paper investigates the relationship between business strategy and cost stickiness under different ownership. Using the data from listed firms in China from 2002 to 2015, we find that first, firms with different strategies exhibit different cost behavior. The cost stickiness of choosing a differentiation strategy is higher than that of choosing a low-cost strategy. Second, management expectations will affect cost stickiness. Optimistic expectations will increase cost stickiness, while pessimistic expectations will reduce cost stickiness. Third, management expectations can adjust the relationship between business strategy and cost stickiness in terms of government-created advantages (GCAs). If management expectations tend to be optimistic, the cost stickiness is higher with a differentiation strategy than with a low-cost strategy. If management expectations tend to be pessimistic, then cost stickiness is higher with a low-cost strategy than with a differentiation strategy. Finally, the state-owned equity affects the extent of the effect of a differentiation strategy on cost stickiness. State-owned firms, which receive more GCAs than non-state-owned firms, have stronger cost stickiness than non-state-owned firms, even if both categories of firms use more differentiation strategy.

Evaluation of stereo imaging capabilities and parameters when using personal computers: Defining a low-cost high-quality system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1048-1049
Author(s):  
John M. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Stereo Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Display Devices ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Over the past several years the capabilities of personal computers have advanced at a staggering rate. At the same time, the cost of the hardware has dropped to such a degree that one wonders whether such inexpensive hardware can perform adequately.The purpose of this discussion is to look at the minimum hardware necessary to do quality stereo imaging on CRT display devices and to discuss several important evaluation criteria in producing these stereo images.The most important criteria for producing high quality stereo pairs lies in the quality of the digitization of the image. Most TV rate imaging systems even after multiple frames are averaged are quite distorted and lack sufficient image detail. Slow scan imaging systems such as the one developed in this laboratory which use a gated integrator and can digitize at over one thousand pixels square with 256 gray levels produce images which are extremely close to photographic quality.

scholarly journals Anytime Induction of Low-cost, Low-error Classifiers: a Sampling-based Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Esmeir ◽  
S. Markovitch
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Stochastic Algorithm ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Anytime Algorithm ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Greedy Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Machine learning techniques are gaining prevalence in the production of a wide range of classifiers for complex real-world applications with nonuniform testing and misclassification costs. The increasing complexity of these applications poses a real challenge to resource management during learning and classification. In this work we introduce ACT (anytime cost-sensitive tree learner), a novel framework for operating in such complex environments. ACT is an anytime algorithm that allows learning time to be increased in return for lower classification costs. It builds a tree top-down and exploits additional time resources to obtain better estimations for the utility of the different candidate splits. Using sampling techniques, ACT approximates the cost of the subtree under each candidate split and favors the one with a minimal cost. As a stochastic algorithm, ACT is expected to be able to escape local minima, into which greedy methods may be trapped. Experiments with a variety of datasets were conducted to compare ACT to the state-of-the-art cost-sensitive tree learners. The results show that for the majority of domains ACT produces significantly less costly trees. ACT also exhibits good anytime behavior with diminishing returns.

Low-Cost Strategy Factors in Airline Industry: The AirAsia Case

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 652-657
Author(s):  
Alireza Rangraz Jeddi ◽  
Nafiseh Ghorbani Renani ◽  
Alireza Khademi ◽  
Vahid Shokri ◽  
Mohd Yusof Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Key Success Factors ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
Cost Strategy ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
The Cost

Demand for air transportation has boomed extensively in Southeast (SE) Asia during the past decade as a result of economic development and the lack of land routes between destinations. The purpose of this study is to focus on the cost-leadership competitive strategy applied by low-cost carriers (LCCs) in SE Asia airlines and explore the elements that affect the competing capability of these airlines in the region. Furthermore, the study attempts to illustrate the key success factors that have resulted in the superiority of AirAsia (AA) airline among other LCCs airlines in the competitive market of SE Asia. The research shows that the regulatory environment in the regions air transportation business is an important barrier for the development of local LCCs airlines. Hence, AA attempts to cope with these barriers have been illustrated in this research.

scholarly journals The Newton’s Polynomials Interpolation Based-Error Correction Method for Low-Cost Dive Altitude Sensor in Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle (ROV)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gutama Indra Gandha ◽  
Dedi Nurcipto
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Interpolation Algorithm ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sea Area

Indonesia is the one of the countries with the largest of sea area. However, the water surveillance categorized as minimum. The human resource and the low level of infrastructure are the causal of the minimum level of water surveillance. The human involvement of water surveillance has many weaknesses, such as weak against the change of the nature condition, limitation in reaching location, weak against water turbidity levels and water pollution. The utilization of ROV (Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle) could be a solution in water surveillance problem. The development of ROV still not significant in Indonesia. The development costs are also a problem in development of ROV. Many researcher using USBL (Ultra Short Base Line) sensor to sense the depth of the ROV. However, the cost of this sensor is relatively expensive. The usage of low-cost pressure sensor could be a solution to replace the USBL sensor. The low-cost pressure sensor has a significant deviation. The implementation of Newton’s polynomials interpolation algorithm has been used to decreased the deviation level of the sensors. The result shows the algorithm has succeeded to decreased the deviation level of the pressure sensor significantly. The default sensor has significant MSE value of 42956.2. The Newton interpolation algorithm has been succeeded to reducing the MSE value to 17.82. The result of this research is expected to reduce the cost of the ROVs development especially for sensors cost.

scholarly journals Diffusion approximation in a radiative transfer model for astrophysical flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Laurent Di Menza ◽  
Claire Michaut ◽  
Océane Saincir
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Diffusion Approximation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Volume Algorithm ◽  
The One ◽  
Astrophysical Flows

In this work, we present the diffusion approximation model for radiative transfer when we deal with optically thick astrophysical flows. Since the initial model is high CPU time demanding when dealing with its numerical approximation, solving this simpler system can provide a low cost strategy for the simulation of radiative media. We then use a finite-volume algorithm coupled with an implicit scheme for radiative contributions to solve this simplified system. Numerical experiments in the one-dimensional and two dimensional cases are presented to validate our numerical strategy and to prove the relevance of this asymptotic model.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Online Reputation and Positioning of Airlines

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayat Zaki Ahmed ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Strategy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Positioning Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Online Reputation

The aim of this study is to propose a methodology to define the positioning of airlines in terms of their online reputation measured with quantitative variables and applied in the airline industry. Reviews shared on the Internet give key information about service quality and value as perceived by customers. To carry out the empirical study, we obtained the information available on TripAdvisor about airlines in Europe, the USA, Canada, and other countries in America, differentiating also between airlines that follow a low-cost strategy and those that do not apply it. The results show that there is a significant difference in key service quality variables between airlines in the different geographical areas studied on the one hand, and the low-cost strategy applied on the other. The variables to be used to conduct the positioning analysis in the airlines are determined. They also show that the methodology has relevant practical implications and provides tools to further develop research related to the online reputation and strategic positioning of airlines.

scholarly journals ALIGNMENT BETWEEN THE SUPPLY, MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES AND THE BUSINESS STRATEGY

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareth Rodrigues de Carvalho Borella ◽  
Antônio Domingos Padula
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Profile Deviation ◽  
Cost Strategy ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to identify the degree of alignment between the supply, manufacturing and distribution practices on the one hand and the generic business strategies suggested by Porter (1996): differentiation, low cost, focus on differentiation and focus on low cost on the other and to obtain some insights into how these relationships influence business performance. The gestalt and profile deviation (Venkatraman, 1989) approaches were used to identify the relationship between practices and the degrees of alignment in the respective strategy groups. When compared to other strategy groups, the group of companies predominantly devoted to the Focus on Low Cost strategy (49,25%) was found to have: greater consistency in the development of practices between supply, manufacturing and distribution, a high degree of alignment of most of these practices with that strategy, a greater tendency towards achieving better business performance.

scholarly journals Comparing Cost Leadership Strategy with Differentiation Strategy towards Firm Performance on Jakarta Islamic Index

The Winners ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Surono Surono ◽  
Tulus Suryanto ◽  
Erike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Leadership Strategy ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Unique Item ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Leadership Strategy

The research aimed to examine the effect of cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy on company’s performance. It was conducted in companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index from 2014 to 2018. Purposive sampling was used to obtain samples from 12 companies. Analysis was done by multiple linear regression with the help of the IBM SPSS 23 statistical program for windows with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results show that the cost leadership strategy influences company’s performance compared to differentiation strategy. The implementation of a low-cost strategy is significantly relevant to the condition of people who are sensitive to price and are not much aware about brand products in decision making. The design of a unique item model does not determine success in marketing a product, the relative price offered is quite high and only in certain market segments the product is of public interest. Product quality is defeated by the quantity of goods, people prefer how much goods are obtained than the durability of the products consumed.

scholarly journals The relationship between the corporate social responsibility and the cost of the capital of the companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Nyore Ofogbe ◽  
Chidiebere Nnamani ◽  
Chika Anisiuba ◽  
Charity Ezuwore-Obodoekwe
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Cost

This study is aimed at analyzing the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the Cost of the Capital (CoC) of the companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The annual panel data of the 32 companies quoted on the NSE pertaining to the period from 2005 to 2019, were judgmentally selected. The Thomson Reuthers Index was used as the measure for CSR, whereas the Cost of Equity (CoE) and the Cost of Debt (CoD) were used as the measure for CoC. The findings revealed the existence of a positive/negative nonsignificant relationship, on the one hand, and a positive/negative significant relationship as well, on the other, between CSR and CoC. The results obtained are supportive of the findings found in scholars' works, especially those in the developed countries in which this aspect has extensively been explored. To conclude, the companies that spend on CSR have a better chance of accessing capital at a better and low cost. Based absolutely on the findings, the researcher advocates that investment should incessantly be made in the issues concerning CSR, given the fact that, if consistently made, such investment may ease access to funds at a reduced cost.

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