The prevalence rates and adversities of delirium: Too common and disadvantageous

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Soenke Boettger ◽  
Carl Moritz Zipser ◽  
Leonie Bode ◽  
Tobias Spiller ◽  
Jeremy Deuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Simple Logistic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dos Scale

Abstract Objective The prevalence rates and adversities of delirium have not yet been systematically evaluated and are based on selected populations, limited sample sizes, and pooled studies. Therefore, this study assesses the prevalence rates and outcome of and odds ratios for managing services for delirium. Methods In this prospective cohort study, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) 5, the Delirium Observation Screening (DOS) scale, and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) construct, 28,118 patients from 35 managing services were included, and the prevalence rates and adverse outcomes were determined by simple logistic regressions and their corresponding odds ratios (ORs). Results Delirious patients were older, admitted from institutions (OR 3.44–5.2), admitted as emergencies (OR 1.87), hospitalized twice longer, and discharged, transferred to institutions (OR 5.47–6.6) rather than home (OR 0.1), or deceased (OR 43.88). The rate of undiagnosed delirium was 84.2%. The highest prevalence rates were recorded in the intensive care units (47.1–84.2%, pooled 67.9%); in the majority of medical services, rates ranged from 20% to 40% (pooled 26.2%), except, at both ends, palliative care (55.9%), endocrinology (8%), and rheumatology (4.4%). Conversely, in surgery and its related services, prevalence rates were lower (pooled 13.1%), except for cardio- and neurosurgical services (53.3% and 46.4%); the lowest prevalence rate was recorded in obstetrics (2%). Significance of results Delirium remains underdiagnosed, and novel screening approaches are required. Furthermore, this study identified the impact of delirium on patients, determined the prevalence rates for 32 services, and elucidated the association between individual services and delirium.

The prevalence rates and sequelae of delirium at age older than 90 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Samuel Gehrke ◽  
Leonie Bode ◽  
Annina Seiler ◽  
Jutta Ernst ◽  
Roland von Känel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Elective Admission ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Simple Logistic

Abstract Objective Although age and pre-existent dementia are robust risk factors for developing delirium, evidence for patients older than 90 years is lacking. Therefore, this study assesses the delirium prevalence rates and sequelae in this age group. Method Based on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-5, Delirium Observation screening scale (DOS), and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) construct, in this prospective cohort study, the prevalence rates and sequelae of delirium were determined in 428 patients older than 90 years by simple logistic regressions and corresponding odds ratios (ORs). Results The overall prevalence delirium rate was 45.2%, with a wide range depending upon specialty: intermediate and intensive care services (83.1%), plastic surgery and palliative care (75%), neurology (72%), internal medicine (69%) vs. dermatology (26.5%), and angiology (14.5%). Delirium occurred irrespective of age and gender; however, pre-existent dementia was the strongest delirium predictor (OR 36.05). Delirious patients were less commonly admitted from home (OR 0.47) than from assisted living (OR 2.24), indicating functional impairment. These patients were more severely ill, as indicated by emergency (OR 3.25) vs. elective admission (OR 0.3), requirement for intensive care management (OR 2.12) and ventilation (OR 5.56–8.33). At discharge, one-third did not return home (OR 0.22) and almost half were transferred to assisted living (OR 2.63), or deceased (OR 47.76). Significance of results At age older than 90 years, the prevalence and sequelae of delirium are substantial. In particular, functional impairment and pre-existent dementia predicted delirium and subsequently, the loss of independence and death were imminent.

Prevalence Rates of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Are Affected by the Diagnostic Parameter Changes for Neurocognitive Disorders in the DSM-5 in a Korean Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Won Han ◽  
Yoonseop So ◽  
Tae Hui Kim ◽  
Dong Young Lee ◽  
Seung-Ho Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Impact

Aim: To examine the impact of the revised diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) on the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total of 755 participants aged 65 years or older in the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology in Korea 2012 were rediagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria. Results: The estimated age-, gender-, education-, and urbanicity-standardized prevalence rates of major and mild NCDs were 8.35 and 11.10%, respectively, and those of dementia and MCI were 8.74 and 31.85%, respectively. Cohen's κ for dementia and major NCD was 0.988, and that for MCI and mild NCD was 0.273. Conclusion: Diagnostic discrepancies between major/mild NCDs and dementia/MCI might depend on the operationalization of neuropsychological performance criteria.

Pattern of Comorbidity Among Anxious and Odd Personality Disorders: The Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Maria Grazia Marinangeli ◽  
Giancarlo Butti ◽  
Artemis Kalyvoka ◽  
Concetta Petruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the pattern of comorbidity among obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and other personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of 400 psychiatric inpatients. PDs were assessed using the Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine significant comorbidity among OCPD and other axis II disorders. The most elevated odds ratios were found for the cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A PDs (the “odd” PDs, or paranoid and schizoid PDs). These results are consistent with those of previous studies showing a higher cooccurrence of OCPD with cluster A than with cluster C (“anxious”) PDs. In light of these observations, issues associated with the nosologic status of OCPD within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders clustering system remain unsettled.

scholarly journals ADHD Is Comorbid to Migraine in Childhood: A Population-Based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 990-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antônio Arruda ◽  
Renato Arruda ◽  
Vincenzo Guidetti ◽  
Marcelo Eduardo Bigal
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Headache Frequency ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Tension Type Headaches ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Recurrent headaches and ADHD are prevalent in the pediatric population. Herein, we assess if ADHD is comorbid to headaches overall, to headache subtypes (e.g., migraine), and to headache frequency. Method: Informed consent and analyzable data were obtained for 5,671 children aged 5 to 12 years (65.9% of the target sample). Parents and teachers were interviewed using validated questionnaires based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Relative risks were modeled using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: As contrasted to nonheadache controls, the prevalence of ADHD was significantly higher in children with migraine ( p < .001) but not in those with tension-type headaches. In children with migraine, risk of ADHD increased as a function of headache frequency ( p < .05). Conclusion: Migraine and frequent migraine are comorbid to ADHD. Future studies should focus on the impact of the association on the burden to the children and their families.

The Impact of DSM-5 A-Criteria Changes on Parent Ratings of ADHD in Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Sibley ◽  
Carlos E. Yeguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) A-criteria for ADHD were expanded to include new descriptors referencing adolescent and adult symptom manifestations. This study examines the effect of these changes on symptom endorsement in a sample of adolescents with ADHD (N = 259; age range = 10.72-16.70). Method: Parent ratings were collected and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) and DSM-5 endorsement of ADHD symptoms were compared. Results: Under the DSM-5, there were significant increases in reported inattention, but not hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptoms, with specific elevations for certain symptoms. The average adolescent met criteria for less than one additional symptom under the DSM-5, but the correlation between ADHD symptoms and impairment was attenuated when using the DSM-5 items. Impulsivity items appeared to represent adolescent deficits better than hyperactivity items. Results were not moderated by demographic factors. Conclusion: In a sample of adolescents with well-diagnosed DSM-IV-TR ADHD, developmental symptom descriptors led parents to endorse slightly more symptoms of inattention, but this elevation is unlikely to be clinically meaningful.

Treatment of Internet Addiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 675-700
Author(s):  
Libi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The birth of the Internet in 1969 has changed people's lives immensely in the past 48 years. Over the years, this invention has brought people connection, information, communication, business, entertainment, and so forth; however, researchers have found the impact of the Internet's byproduct, namely Internet addiction, in the past two decades as well. It was argued that Internet addiction might be detrimental to people's mental and physical health. The problem is that Internet addiction is not clearly defined, nor has it been included in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by American Psychiatric Association. If the definition is not clear and the symptoms are varied, the treatment for Internet addiction would become an issue. In this chapter, the researcher will focus on different approaches to the treatment of Internet addiction based on research after reviewing the definitions, theories, causes, consequences, and symptoms of Internet addiction.

Subsyndromal delirium in the intensive care setting: Phenomenological characteristics and discrimination of subsyndromal delirium versus no and full-syndromal delirium

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soenke Boettger ◽  
David Garcia Nuñez ◽  
Rafael Meyer ◽  
André Richter ◽  
Maria Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Intensive Care Setting ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Subsyndromal Delirium ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

ABSTRACTObjective:Similar to delirium, its subsyndromal form has been recognized as the cause of diverse adverse outcomes. Nonetheless, the nature of this subsyndromal delirium remains vastly understudied. Therefore, in the following, we evaluate the phenomenological characteristics of this syndrome versus no and full-syndromal delirium.Method:In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated the Delirium Rating Scale–Revised, 1998 (DRS–R–98) versus the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Text Revision (DSM–IV–TR) diagnostic criteria and examined the diagnosis of delirium with respect to phenomenological distinctions in the intensive care setting.Results:Out of 289 patients, 36 with subsyndromal delirium versus 86 with full-syndromal and 167 without delirium were identified. Agreement with respect to the DSM–IV–TR diagnosis of delirium was perfect. The most common subtype in those with subsyndromal delirium was hypoactive, in contrast to mixed subtype in those with full-syndromal delirium versus no motor alterations in those without delirium. By presence and severity of delirium symptoms, subsyndromal delirium was intermediate. The ability of the DRS–R–98 items to discriminate between either form of delirium was substantial. Between subsyndromal and no delirium, the cognitive domain and sleep–wake cycle were more impaired and allowed a distinction with no delirium. Further, between full- and subsyndromal delirium, the prevalence and severity of individual DRS–R–98 items were greater. Although the differences between these two forms of delirium was substantial, the items were not very specific, indicating that the phenomenology of subsyndromal delirium is closer to full-syndromal delirium.Significance of results:Phenomenologically, subsyndromal delirium was found to be distinct from and intermediate between no delirium and full-syndromal delirium. Moreover, the greater proximity to full-syndromal delirium indicated that subsyndromal delirium represents an identifiable subform of full-syndromal delirium.

What Is the Problem With Sexual Intimacy Following Intimate Partner Violence in the DSM-5?

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122199876
Author(s):  
Alannah Buller ◽  
Sarah Epstein ◽  
Norah Hosken
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Impact

Drawing on a data subset from a larger Australian-focused project, this article reports on the ways that women’s voices have been silenced and misrecognized in the representation of the impact on sexual intimacy following experiences of intimate partner violence. Bacchi’s “What Is the Problem Represented to Be?” approach was used to identify, explore and unpack the “problem” representations of the impacts on sexual intimacy following women’s experiences of intimate partner violence within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

The Underlying Nature and Structure of the Emotional Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
Michael W. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Low Prevalence

This chapter examines the nature and structure of the emotional disorders, which include five adjacent diagnostic classes within the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. It reviews the pervasive problem of comorbidity—that is, the co-occurrence of two or more disorders within the same person—that characterizes these disorders, and it discusses several influential models (including the tripartite model and the integrative hierarchical model) that have been developed to account for these data. It then examines several problems associated with diagnosis-based approaches to psychopathology; these include hierarchical exclusion rules, low prevalence rates, diagnostic unreliability, and the heterogeneity of many disorders. Finally, it proposes an alternative approach to studying psychopathology, namely, examining the specific symptom dimensions that make up the major syndromes within the emotional disorders.

Acupuncture

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Balog ◽  
Robert Koffman ◽  
Joseph M. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Combat Deployments ◽  
Ptsd Prevalence

People who acquire posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after experiencing a traumatic event endure a constellation of debilitating symptoms, including intrusion, avoidance, negative mood alteration, and marked increases in reactivity. They have difficulty falling or staying asleep, and often have comorbid physical and pain-related diagnoses secondary to their trauma. Despite evolving definitions and measures, estimates of prevalence of lifetime PTSD in U.S. population have remained quite consistent since the advent of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM), third edition, revised (III-R). In civilian populations, lifetime DSM-III-R PTSD prevalence rates of 9.2%; DSM, fourth edition, PTSD prevalence rates of 6.8%; and DSM, fifth edition, PTSD estimate rates of 5.4% have been reported. In U.S. military populations, prevalence rates as high as 17% after combat deployments have been reported. Importantly, persons with PTSD experience higher prevalence of other psychiatric and physical comorbid conditions, including mood, substance use, and pain disorders.

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