AMERICAN DIVIDE: THE MAKING OF “CONTINENTAL” PHILOSOPHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-866
Author(s):  
JONATHAN STRASSFELD
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Continental Philosophy ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
World War ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
American Philosophy ◽  
Academic Networks ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
European Thought

The story of Western philosophy in the late twentieth century is, first and foremost, a tale of the discipline's division into two distinct discourses—analytic and Continental philosophy. This article argues that institutional dynamics of American higher education played a decisive role in the creation of this divide. Through quantitative analysis of the hiring and promotion of philosophers, it demonstrates how hierarchies and informal academic networks established boundaries for mainstream American philosophy that excluded modern European thought. Following the end of World War II, as American universities expanded, philosophy departments nearly tripled in size. However, the discipline was dominated by a Brahmin caste of elite departments that hired its own graduates almost exclusively. In this environment, the invidious distinction between the “elite” analytic departments and heterodox departments at the discipline's periphery was mapped onto the styles of philosophy practiced at those schools, and shaped America's reception of “Continental” European philosophy.

The Social Identity of Hosts and Patrons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Lane
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Organizational Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter analyses inns, taverns, and public houses in their social context, exploring their organizational identity and the social positions of their owners/tenants. It examines how patrons express their class, gender, and national identity by participation in different kinds of sociality. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century hostelries afforded more opportunities for cross-class sociability than in later centuries. Social mixing was facilitated because the venues fulfilled multiple economic, social, and political functions, thereby providing room for social interaction apart from communal drinking and eating. Yet, even in these earlier centuries, each type of hostelry already had a distinctive class character, shaping its organizational identity. Division along lines of class hardened, and social segregation increased in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, up to World War II. In the post-War era, increased democratization of society at large became reflected in easier social mixing in pubs. Despite this democratization, during the late twentieth century the dominant image of pubs as a working-class institution persisted.

Introduction

Mahjong ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The Introduction provides an orientation to the book and its key questions: What did it mean to become “modern” in the early twentieth century? How did American ethnicities take shape in the years leading up to and after World War II? How did middle-class women experience and shape their changing roles in society, before the social revolutions of the late twentieth century? How are these things related? The Introduction also covers an overview of mahjong’s trajectory in the United States. It examines background related to the history of leisure, gender, and consumerism in addition to introducing key sources and methodologies. The introduction sets up the book to tell the story of mahjong’s role in the creation of identifiably ethnic communities, women’s access to respectable leisure, and how Americans used ideas of China to understand themselves.

scholarly journals Disability, Deafness and Ideology in the late Twentieth and early Twenty-first Centuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Social Model ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Late Twentieth

Abstract: Ideology constitutes an important site of struggle for disabled people and for Deaf communities. In recent decades two ideologies - normalisation and rights - have offered different answers to the question of what it means to be disabled or Deaf. Both ideologies emerged in the post World War II period; both challenged long-established institutional structures and professional practices; and both appealed to notions of human and civil rights. However, normalisation is fundamentally paternalistic where reform is seen to be a matter for professional expertise and to be negotiated in academic circles and in the domains of professional practice. In contrast, a rights ideology is based on a social model of disability and a socio-cultural model of deafness that oppose the exclusion of disabled and Deaf people from strategic and participative roles in defining the issues, in policy making, and in decision taking. Where normalisation seeks to eradicate or attenuate difference, a rights' perspective advocates recognition and respect for difference; where normalising ideology looks to expertise and organisational change for solutions, disability movements and Deaf communities argue that the most satisfactory answers are to be found in the fields of politics and power.

scholarly journals «BEFORE SUNRISE» BY M. M. ZOSHCHENKO:THE TRIUMPH OF MIND AND INDIVIDUAL CONSCIOUSNESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Ekanerina P. Aristova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
World War ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The article explores the famous work of M. M. Zoshchenko «Before Sunrise». The story, written during the World War II, is presented by the author as anti-fascist. The theme of the story is the formation of his own «I», psychological motives that encourage one to agree with suffering and violence or to fight them. Fascism in the perception of the author is a complete defeat in the fight against brutality and cruelty, a fear of fight with suffering. Zoshchenko refers to science as a bright hope to prove the existence of consciousness conquering the irrational nature of the soul. The story was a part of the war and post-war era: writers and philosophers (H. Arendt, J. P. Sartre, K. Popper and others) actively discussed the nature of totalitarian regimes, the reasons for their support, the role of personal perception in their affirmation, the possibility of individual rather than collective defining the good, the role of rationality destroying the individual for the sake of universal rational laws and at the same time encouraging individualism and critical thinking. The question of the role of individual consciousness is shown as one of the ancient questions of European philosophy, answered differently in the traditions of Platonism and Christianity. M. M. Zoshchenko is more a humanist writer who paid attention to the individual experience of a person. Trying to show that the triumph of consciousness can be a personal choice he discusses the role of artistic creativity, the nature of neurosis in experiences of many art geniuses. Zoshchenko is trying to make his story a clear demonstration of the possibility of combining the triumph of reason with the sincerity of personal artistic style and hence personal choice in favor of reason.

The Americas, 1450–2000

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Davies, II
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World War ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Global Cold War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article discusses the history of the Americas from 1450 to 2000. It describes the Americas before European contact; disease and death brought by the European arrival in 1492 due to new bacteria and viruses they carried; conquest, colonization, and settlement by the Europeans; the building of transatlantic economies; revolutions in the Americas from 1760 to 1830; revolutions and new republics that were formed; the rise of industrial economies in the Americas; migration and labor demands; the Great Depression and World War II; the global cold war from 1941 to 2000teh global economy; and globalization in the late twentieth century.

Eastward: On Phenomenology and European Thought

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 369-381
Author(s):  
Michael Gubser ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
World War ◽  
East European ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
European Thought ◽  
Social Importance

Płotka and Eldridge’s book is an important addition to the literature on phenomenology and phenomenological history, showing that phenomenology had a lively efflorescence in Eastern Europe during its first four decades. Historians have recently shown phenomenology’s intellectual, cultural, and social importance in postwar Eastern Europe, but this volume demonstrates that phenomenology’s independent East European trajectory began long before World War II—indeed from the earliest years of the movement. The review essay also raises the question of phenomenology’s social and political influence beyond academic circles.

Indigenizing Urban Landscapes: Northwest Coast Artists and Cities in the Late Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422093211
Author(s):  
Nicolas G. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
World War ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Sovereignty ◽  
Late Twentieth

The experiences of Northwest Coast artists show how Indigenous peoples have confronted a past marked by conquest and the importance of urban areas for these purposes. Benefiting from the “Northwest Coast Renaissance” that emerged after World War II, Indigenous artists traveled to cities in British Columbia where they studied museum collections, attended art school, and entered the art market. These artists influenced the discourse over the meaning of Indigenous art by engaging in conversations with academics, collectors, curators, fellow artists, government officials, and tourists. Advocating for broader issues of cultural and political sovereignty, they also worked to “indigenize urban landscapes,” or to shape the cities of British Columbia during critical periods of urban growth. Despite significant limitations, such efforts have been built upon and are continued by the generation of Northwest Coast artists working today.

scholarly journals Stories with microorganisms…

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Andrzej Nowak ◽  
Maciej J. Nowak ◽  
Krystyna Cybulska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Death ◽  
World War ◽  
Microscopic World ◽  
Micro Organisms

Abstract Microorganisms, usually invisible for us, accompany us always and everywhere. Often we do not realize how decisive its impact on our lives is, how much we use their presence, which of our troubles are the result of their actions, and also how surprising effects result from their activity. Microorganisms also very often play a decisive role in the development of societies, politics and history. One of the most spectacular interventions of micro-organisms in human history include the example of a false “oil fever” that exploded in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was even more significant to redirect Europe's history in the new direction as a result of the “black death” epidemic in the fourteenth century. Microorganisms have created social conditions for the transition to the next epoch - renaissance, which forms the basis of today's shape. Because of the microorganisms J.F. Kennedy could have been in the 1960 President of the United States of America and to direct her development in the new direction and to stop Khrushchev's expansion into the second hemisphere. Microorganisms, not leaders and generals, won battles and wars. It was Rikketsia prowazeki, not the genius of the opponents, that broke Napoleon's power in Europe. Microorganisms fight disease, improving quality of life and prolonging its period. They allowed to control rabies and numerous infectious diseases. In the economy for the cause of microorganisms, powerful monopolies fell. Bacteria were also used to protect civilians in Poland during World War II. There are many similar stories to tell, stories in which microorganisms play an essential role. But would these stories be about microorganisms only? Or perhaps about people who were fascinated by the microscopic world of microbes discovered his secrets, meaning and ... beauty.

scholarly journals Zadnja bitka v Stalinovem imenu: Vittorio Vidali, komunizem na obalah Jadranskega morja in boj Informbiroja proti Titu (1947-1954)

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-97
Author(s):  
Patrick Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Communist Leader

The essay aims to analyse the "Adriatic communism" policy implemented in the period from World War II to the eve of the schism between Stalin and Tito in 1948, with the subsequent rift in relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union and the expulsion of Belgrade from the socialist camp. The essay focuses on the figure of Vittorio Vidali, an Italian communist leader (born in Muggia, near Trieste) with a long and prominent militant role in the Soviet intelligence services as evidenced by his involvement in various events both in Europe and the United States.The choice to focus the analysis on Vittorio Vidali is based on the decisive role he played in the "Adriatic communism" in the stages immediately preceding the Tito–Stalin split and then during the years of the Cominform's opposition against the Party and the Yugoslav regime after 1948.

scholarly journals The USSR Victory in World War II and the Emergence of the Independent Republic of Indonesia

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
L. M. Efimova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Far East ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
World War ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

Victorious ending of the World War 2 on May, 9, 1945, stroke a crushing blow on the military axis Berlin - Rome - Tokyo. The USSR played a decisive role both on European and Asian fronts. Fulfilling its allied duty the Soviet Union entered the war in the Far East on 9 August, 1945 and defeated the Japanese army in Manchuria. This act became a great contribution to liberation of Asian peoples from the Japanese occupation. On the 17 August 1945 the Republic of Indonesia declared its independence. The recognition on the side of international community as well as diplomatic support became\e vital for the survival of the newly emerged Republic.The Soviet victory together with the allied nations in the Second World War, the new status of the USSR as a superpower, its constant anticolonial stance stimulated former colonies to appeal to the Soviet Union for backing and support. One of the first was the Republic of Indonesia, to which the USSR rendered all kind of help and encourages. The present article which is a result of the study of newly available documents from several recently opened Soviet archives shows the Soviet backing of Indonesia in the UN, its diplomatic recognition, in strengthening of Indonesian status as a sovereign state on the international arena as a whole.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document