Tomato landraces: an analysis of diversity and preferences

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Type Definition ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Solids Content

AbstractThis study evaluates the agronomic and morphological traits, chemical composition and traits related to consumer perception of local tomato landraces mostly collected in the suburban area of Madrid. Results showed remarkable variability at all the studied levels in this small area – intra- and inter-accession variability, and in morphological, agronomical and quality traits – and was often dependent on the environmental conditions where the crop was grown. However, few morphotypes could be defined. Some morphological traits of the studied samples seemed to be associated. For instance, ribbed fruits ripened with green shoulder and dark flesh accumulated more soluble solids. Consumer appreciation and fruit morphology, i.e. traits related to fruit size and shape, seemed to be the main determinants of tomato-type definition, although nutrient content also played an important role. Consumers positively received heirloom tomatoes, especially when they were cultivated in the open-field near their area of selection where they express their full potential in the nutrient synthesis and sensory properties. Although total soluble solids content seems to be the main trait related to appreciation, some morphological traits could be determinant in consumers’ choice. Furthermore, some consumers were more interested in different tomato typologies and nutritional characters like acidity.

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

Use of Lycopersicon cheesmanii and L. chmielewskii to increase dry matter content of tomato fruit

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Poysa
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Content

Advanced lines and backcrosses from interspecific hybridization of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with six L. chmielewskii (Rick, Kesicki, Fobes and Holle) and L. cheesmanii (Riley) accessions were evaluated in the field over 2 yr for soluble solids content (SSC), total solids content (TSC), fruit yield and fruit size to determine the effectiveness of combining elevated solids levels with high fruit yield and size following early generation selection. More than a quarter of the lines had significantly higher SSC levels than the recurrent tomato parent, Purdue 812 (P812). Several lines combined high SSC and TSC with high fruit yield and large fruit size to produce more dry matter yield per hectare or per fruit than P812. Two backcrosses were optimal for combining high SSC and high yield. SSC and TSC were negatively correlated with fruit size and, to a lesser degree, with fruit yield. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, soluble solids, total solids

‘SPC136’ (Suite Note™) sweet cherry

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555-1558
Author(s):  
Cheryl Hampson ◽  
Richard MacDonald ◽  
Darrell-Lee McKenzie ◽  
Linda Herbert ◽  
Christopher Pagliocchini
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Cherry Blossom ◽  
Solids Content

Hampson, C., MacDonald, R., McKenzie, D.-L., Herbert, L. and Pagliocchini, C. 2014. ‘SPC136’ (Suite Note™) sweet cherry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1555–1558. ‘SPC136’ (Suite Note™) is a new early-season sweet cherry being released for commercial production by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada sweet cherry breeding program at Summerland, BC, Canada. Harvest timing in Summerland (Jul. 09) is similar to that of ‘Bing’ or ‘Van’ but fruit size is much larger (over 12 g). Fruit firmness, soluble solids content and susceptibility to rain splitting resemble those of other cultivars of similar harvest timing, but stem detachment force is higher. The trees are not self-fertile and bloom late in the cherry blossom season.

scholarly journals Detection of QTL Controlling Fruit Size and Shape in Cucumis melo L.

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 774E-775
Author(s):  
Soon O. Park* ◽  
Kevin M. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Large Bulk ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape

Mature fruit size and shape are important traits of most melon types. Our objective was to identify RAPD markers associated with major QTL affecting fruit weight, length, diameter and shape by means of bulked segregant analysis in an F2 population from the ananas melon cross of Deltex (larger fruit size) × TGR1551 (smaller fruit size). Clear separations for fruit weight, length, diameter, and shape between Deltex and TGR1551 were observed. Continuous distributions for fruit weight, length, diameter and shape were found in the F2 population indicating quantitative inheritance for the fruit traits. Significant positive correlations were detected between fruit weight and shape traits (r = 0.73 to 0.80). A significant positive correlation was observed between fruit weight and glucose (r = 0.35) or fructose (r = 0.25), whereas no correlation was noted between fruit weight and sucrose or total soluble solids. Two small and large bulks for fruit weight and shape were developed from F2 plants. A total of 240 primers were used to simultaneously screen between the small and large bulks, and between Deltex and TGR1551. Twenty-six RAPD markers were polymorphic for the small and large bulks. Ten markers were found to be significantly and consistently associated with fruit size and shape traits on the basis of simple linear regression. Of the 10 markers associated, four displayed an amplified DNA fragment in the small bulk, while six showed an amplified DNA fragment in the large bulk. The associated marker OJ07.350 explained 15% to 27% of the phenotypic variation for the fruit traits. These markers associated with QTL for melon fruit size and shape are expected to be useful in melon breeding programs for modifying fruit size.

scholarly journals Grafting Melons Increases Yield, Extends the Harvest Season, and Prevents Sudden Wilt in New England

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Janel L. Ohletz ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Solids Content

Melons (Cucumis melo var. reticulatis) are potentially a high value crop for New England, but production is limited by cool spring temperatures and sudden wilt. The sudden wilt syndrome in melon, attributed to both biotic and abiotic factors, is characterized by rapid wilting of vines either just preceding or during the harvest season, reducing melon quality and shortening the harvest period. We investigated the effects of grafting melons to rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata), which have exhibited tolerance to soilborne diseases and cooler soil temperatures. In 2015, we compared the performance of ‘Halona’ melon grafted to two rootstocks, ‘Carnivor’ and ‘NH1320’, to that of nongrafted (NG) plants at two New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Research Farms, Woodman (WRF) and Kingman (KRF). Pistillate flowering and melon harvests were 3 to 9 days earlier in NG than grafted (GR) plants. By harvest period, GR plant growth exceeded that of NG plants, and GR plants did not display wilting symptoms observed in NG plants. Total marketable yields were 57% and 90% higher for GR/‘Carnivor’ (47.8 and 45.0 Mg·ha−1) and 44% and 89% higher for GR/‘NH1320’ (43.9 and 44.9 Mg·ha−1) compared with the NG treatment (30.5 and 23.7 Mg·ha−1) at WRF and KRF, respectively. There were no differences in fruit numbers per plot between treatments, but mean fruit weight was between 33% and 71% larger in GR than NG treatments. In 2016, GR (‘NH1320’ rootstock) and NG ‘Halona’ were compared at three transplantation dates, 12 and 21 May and 1 June, and with two irrigation frequencies, drip irrigation every 2 days (2-d Irr) or every 4 days (4-d Irr). NG plants exhibited symptoms of sudden wilt in early August compared with no symptoms on GR plants. Harvests of NG melons were 3 to 8 days earlier than GR plants for all three planting dates. The increase in yields of GR plants compared with NG plants for the 12 and 21 May and 1 June planting dates were, respectively, 131%, 123%, and 149% greater with the 2-day Irr, and 93%, 100%, and 78% greater with 4-d Irr. Irrigation frequency did not significantly affect fruit size or soluble solids content (SSC), whereas grafting increased both fruit number and fruit size but did not significantly affect SSC at all three planting dates.

scholarly journals Minitomato cultivation with substrate under different fertigation management strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Ricardo S Bezerra ◽  
Adão Wagner P Evangelista ◽  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Abadia R Nascimento ◽  
Derblai Casaroli
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The application of high level of fertilization and inadequate management of fertigation in tomato crop can promote increase of salinity of the solution, nutritional imbalance and physiological disorders in the plants, consequently reduces the productivity and the quality of the fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate different fertigation strategies in growth and production of mini tomato plants cultivated with substrate in a greenhouse. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with four treatments and twenty replicates. The treatments corresponded to four fertigation strategies, as follows: T1 [(control) fertigation with leaching of 20%]; T2 fertigation throughout the day and irrigation at the end of the day with leaching of 20%; T3 irrigation with leaching of 20%, followed by fertigation in all activations of the irrigation system; T4 fertigation with leaching of 20% and reuse of the leached solution. Stem height and diameter, number of clusters, total and commercial fruit production, fruit size, fruit color, total titratable acidity, soluble solids content and fruit texture were evaluated. No significant differences were detected among the treatments in relation to the growth variables of the mini tomato plants. The strategies of fertigation tested do not influence significantly the growth of tomato plants. The T1 and T4 managements provide higher commercial production and fruits with higher content of soluble solids when compared with other management strategies evaluated. Considering the nutritional factor, we recommend to reuse the nutrient solution used in the tomato cultivation with substrate, correcting daily the electrical conductivity of the solution.

scholarly journals In Situ Characterization of Fruits and Seeds of a Number of White Sapote (Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.) Accessions in Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1849-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Andres Agustin ◽  
Matha Soto ◽  
Franco Famiani ◽  
Juan Guillermo Cruz-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Casimiroa Edulis ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Total Seed

Fifty-six accessions of white sapote (Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.) grown in situ in 11 municipalities in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, were characterized using 14 morphometric variables (six of fruit and eight of seed). There was a high cv for fruit weight (0.50), the number of developed seeds (NDS) (0.48), and total seed weight (0.45). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the main differences among the C. edulis accessions were fruit weight, seed projected area, Feret diameter (FD), the length of polar and equatorial axes of the fruit, the number of undeveloped seeds (NUS), the NDS, hardness of the skin (HS), and total soluble solids content of the fruits. Three groups of accessions were determined by cluster analysis (CA). The first group was made up of 53 accessions with intermediate values of fruit size and seed size. The second group, comprising two accessions, had the lowest values of fruit size. The third group showed an outstanding individual with the highest values for fruit size/weight, seed weight, and total soluble solids. Through an in-depth examination of the genotypes of the first group, four genotypes were identified for their positive characteristics. The results indicate an extremely high variability in the fruit and seed characteristics produced by different trees/genotypes of white sapote in Mexico. Hence, an initial, preliminary individuation/selection of five genotypes could be considered for the development of new cultivars for establishing white sapote orchards in Mexico.

Fruit quality of McIntosh apples irrigated with well or municipal waste water

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1267-1269
Author(s):  
M. Meheriuk ◽  
G. H. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Solids Content

McIntosh apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) irrigated with municipal waste water were softer at harvest and had lower fruit Cu than comparable fruit irrigated with well water. Fruit size, percent red skin color, soluble solids content and fruit N, Ca, K/Ca, K + Mg/Ca, K + Mg + Na/Ca, B, Fe, Mn and Zn were not affected by source of water. Fruit P, Mg, K and Na were higher in apples irrigated with waste water in the second but not the first year of the 2-yr study. Titratable acidity was higher with well water the first year and with waste water the second year. Incidence of core flush was higher in the fruit irrigated with waste water. Key words: Apple, skin color, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, fruit Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Na, N and P, core flush

SPARTAN APPLE BREAKDOWN AS AFFECTED BY ORCHARD FACTORS, NUTRIENT CONTENT AND FRUIT QUALITY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. LIDSTER ◽  
S. W. PORRITT ◽  
J. MASON ◽  
G. W. EATON
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Mineral Levels

Tree age, rootstock, soil type, thinning practices and soil fertilizer application were examined as possible cultural factors affecting Spartan apple (Malus pumila Mill.) breakdown. Postharvest fruit analysis of calcium, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, boron, acid, fruit diameter, soluble solids and internal chlorophyll content of fruit were also examined as potential correlative factors. A significant negative correlation existed between the incidence of breakdown and flesh calcium content. Boron, potassium, fruit size soluble solids and tree vigor were positively correlated to breakdown. A statistical profile of orchard conditions and fruit mineral levels associated with minimum breakdown is presented.

scholarly journals Volatile and Nonvolatile Flavor Chemical Evaluation of USDA Orange–Mandarin Hybrids for Comparison to Sweet Orange and Mandarin Fruit

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhe Bai ◽  
Elizabeth Baldwin ◽  
Jack Hearn ◽  
Randy Driggers ◽  
Ed Stover
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Almost All

Three citrus hybrids, containing 50% to 75% sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) genome in their pedigrees and similar to sweet orange in fruit size, color, and taste, were tested for their potential to be classified as new “sweet orange” cultivars. ‘Hamlin’, ‘Midsweet’, and three other early to midseason sweet oranges, along with ‘Dancy’ tangerine (Citrus reticulata), a typical mandarin, were used for comparison. Fruit were picked on 23 Jan. 2014, 30 Dec. 2014, and 27 Jan. 2015. A total of 114 volatiles were detected and separated into seven groups by detection frequency: three groups with 43 volatile components did not show differences and thus contributed little information for classification of sweet orange vs. mandarin, and the remaining four groups with 71 volatiles contributed to distinctions between orange and mandarin. Among the hybrids, the pattern of volatile detection frequency for hybrid FF-1-74-52 was virtually identical to sweet orange, and cluster analysis agreed with the classification. The number of average peaks were 55 to 62 in sweet oranges, 67 in FF-1-74-52, and 17 to 37 in tangerine and other hybrids. Quantity analysis of individual volatiles and chemical classes indicated that FF-1-74-52 and sweet oranges were rich in total volatile abundance, and almost all chemical classes including mono and sesquiterpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and esters. This was especially true for ethyl butanoate, which contributes a fruity top note, and valencene and all sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, which only contribute to citrus flavor indirectly through their contribution to headspace partitioning. Two other hybrids, FF-1-75-55 and FF-1-76-51, each had some similarity to sweet oranges in several chemicals and classes, but not in the overall volatile profile. All three sweet orange–like hybrids met the standards for mandarins and oranges in soluble solids content, titratable acidity (TA), and the ratio. The above volatile and nonvolatile flavor chemical profile comparisons strongly support a proposal to classify FF-1-74-52 as a “sweet orange” commercially, and all three hybrids were previously shown to be more similar to sweet orange in their volatile profile than is ‘Ambersweet’. ‘Ambersweet’ was a hybrid that was legally classified as a “sweet orange” in 1995 based on its volatile profile.

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