Distribution, associated vegetation, conservation and utilization of Grewia tenax: an important underutilized shrub species of the Thar Desert of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
K. Venkatesan ◽  
Anil Patidar ◽  
Maharaj Singh ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
R. N. Kumawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Plant ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Threaten Species ◽  
Grewia Tenax

AbstractGrewia tenax locally known as ‘Gangerun’, is an important multipurpose underutilized shrub and potentially threaten species of the Thar Desert of India. Owing to its importance, naturally available germplasm was collected and evaluated for its sustainable utilization in future. Data on individual mother plant, seed characters and soil profile were investigated. Habitat occurrence of G. tenax was found in patches with dominant association of Euphorbia caducifolia across the four districts of western Rajasthan. Individual plant on unprotected area portrayed far lower average height (0.95 m) and canopy area (1.75 m2) than protected area (2.63 m and 13.89 m2) signifying level of browsing pressure on this species in Jaisalmer. Soil samples belonging to Pali region have high organic carbon and low electrical conductivity content than Jaisalmer and Jodhpur. The statistical analysis of seed characters revealed the presence of high coefficient of variation (%) in 100-seed weight (HSW; 27.36) followed by seed length (SL; 8.06) and least in seed breadth (SB; 5.85). The range and mean values of HSW, SL, SB and length:breadth ratio (LBR) were (2.02–7.00 and 3.34 g), (4.36–6.15 and 5.36 mm), (3.73–4.68 and 4.25 mm) and (1.11–1.44 and 1.27), respectively. Significantly positive correlation was observed between SL and LBR (0.73) followed by HSW and SL (0.66). Along with these findings, its economic importance, utilization and conservation are detailed in this paper as to hasten further research on its various aspects for its successful conservation and utilization.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

Crop Planting Pattern Effects on Early Growth and Canopy Shape of Cultivated and Wild Oats (Avena fatua)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie E. Regnier ◽  
Kufimfutu B. Bakelana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Crop Planting

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of cultivated oats planting pattern on early canopy shape and growth of cultivated oats and wild oats, in part to test the assumption of radial plant canopy expansion on which previous theoretical models of crop-weed interference models have been based. Cultivated oats density was kept constant as the pattern rectangularity was varied, and single wild oats plants were centered within each pattern. Individual plant canopies, photographed from above 31 days after emergence (DAE), were radial for wild oats in all crop planting patterns and for cultivated oats planted in triangular and square planting patterns. Canopy radius perpendicular to the crop row axis in rectangular patterns was similar to canopy radius along the same cardinal axis in equidistant patterns, but was reduced along the crop row axis, resulting in a rectangular canopy shape and decreased canopy area in rectangular compared to equidistant patterns. Cultivated oats dry weight and leaf area at crop flowering (64 DAE) also decreased with increasing rectangularity of crop planting pattern. Reductions in cultivated oats growth in rectangular patterns were associated with earlier intraspecific interference and delayed crop canopy closure in rectangular compared to equidistant patterns. Wild oats leaf area and tiller number 64 DAE decreased with more equidistant crop planting patterns, consistent with reduced canopy area 31 DAE and earlier crop canopy closure in equidistant patterns. The data suggest that individual oats canopy expansion during early growth is essentially radial and also support previous theoretical predictions of crop planting pattern effects on weed suppression.

scholarly journals Image-Based Dynamic Quantification of Aboveground Structure of Sugar Beet in Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunfu Xiao ◽  
Honghong Chai ◽  
Ke Shao ◽  
Mengyuan Shen ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Convex Hull ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Canopy Area

Sugar beet is one of the main crops for sugar production in the world. With the increasing demand for sugar, more desirable sugar beet genotypes need to be cultivated through plant breeding programs. Precise plant phenotyping in the field still remains challenge. In this study, structure from motion (SFM) approach was used to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) model for sugar beets from 20 genotypes at three growth stages in the field. An automatic data processing pipeline was developed to process point clouds of sugar beet including preprocessing, coordinates correction, filtering and segmentation of point cloud of individual plant. Phenotypic traits were also automatically extracted regarding plant height, maximum canopy area, convex hull volume, total leaf area and individual leaf length. Total leaf area and convex hull volume were adopted to explore the relationship with biomass. The results showed that high correlations between measured and estimated values with R2 > 0.8. Statistical analyses between biomass and extracted traits proved that both convex hull volume and total leaf area can predict biomass well. The proposed pipeline can estimate sugar beet traits precisely in the field and provide a basis for sugar beet breeding.

scholarly journals Nutritional and anti-nutrient composition of Karaya gum tree (Sterculia setigera) seed: a potential fish feed ingredient

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Moruff Adelakun ◽  
Moshood Keke Mustapha ◽  
Damilare Ibukun Ogundiwin ◽  
Ambrose A Ihidero
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Karaya Gum

The nutritional and anti-nutritive composition of Karaya gum tree (Sterculia setigera) seed collected from Federal College of Wildlife Management estate, New Bussa, Nigeria was evaluated from October to December, 2013 with the aim of providing data that will guide the effective utilization and inclusion of this under exploited tropical plant seed in fish feed formulation. The seeds were washed, dried, grounded and analyzed for the proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents as well as the anti-nutritive factors using standard procedures. The result showed that the mean values for the proximate composition were: moisture 5.20%, ash 3.95%, fat 26.03%, fiber 6.15%, protein 13.39% and carbohydrate 45.27%. The plant also contained vitamins and relatively adequate essential mineral elements of nutritional importance of macro elements such as calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and micro elements of iron, manganese, zinc and copper. Some anti-nutritional factor such as; alkaloids, phytate, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, steroids and trace of oxalate were also found in the plant, but their composition will pose no serious  nutritional problem if well processed before its inclusion in fish diet and could therefore be a cheap source of raw materials for the fortification applications in various fish feed formulations.

scholarly journals Generational Analysis of Generations of M2 and M3 of Green Beans crop (Vigna radiata L.) Gamma-ray Radiation Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Fitri Yanti ◽  
Aslim Rasyad ◽  
Herman Herman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The objective of this research was to determine phenotypic variability of mung bean M2 and M3 Mutant populations resulted from gamma ray irradiation. The Field experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design in which three populations including M2, M3 and the parent (M0) were planted in 2017. Each population was planted in a plot of 3 m x 2 m with planting space of 30 cm x 20 cm to obtain 100 individual plant per plot. Every population was repeated 5 times so to get  500 plants per population. Observations were collected on all individuals in the population including plant height, number of stem internodes, length of internode, number of primary branches, age of flowering plants, date of harvest, length of pods, number of filled pods, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plants, and weights of 100 seeds. The results showed that gamma ray irradiation produced mung bean plants with a similar date of harvest. It could be seen from mean values ​​which were not significantly different, the values ​​of diversity, and range were almost equal which indicates the diversity of M2, M3 and M0 populations was relatively similar to the control. M2 and M3 generation of mung bean have large and high quality seeds weighing more than 6.5 g/100 seeds. The homogeneity of variance (HOV) analysis showed that variance of all population of all parameters observed were not homogeny except for plant height, number of stem internode and weight of 100 seeds.

scholarly journals Impact of Digestate Application as a Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Winter Rape Seed

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Milan Koszel ◽  
Stanisław Parafiniuk ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Andrzej Bochniak ◽  
Sławomir Kocira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agricultural Use

The operation of an agricultural biogas plant is associated with the formation of a large amount of digestate. The basic trend in digestate management, after taking into account its physicochemical properties, should be its use as a fertilizer. The possibility of the agricultural use of digestate as a fertilizer was determined. Digestate obtained from the agricultural biogas plant was tested for the content of macronutrients and heavy metals. The content of macronutrients was also determined in soil for winter rape cultivation. The analysis showed an increase in the yield depending on the digestate dose applied. In addition, an increase in the fat and protein content was found in winter rape seeds. The best results of mean values were obtained during the application of the 50,000 L ha−1 dose. The average diameter of the stem base was 1.48 cm. The average height was 36.20 cm. The seed yield was 3.44 t ha−1. The thousand seed weight was—5.34 g. The fat and protein contents were 43.62% and 22.95%, respectively. By applying a digestate dose of 50,000 L ha−1, the highest content of macronutrients, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (31.17%), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (61.89%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (6.87%), was recorded.

scholarly journals The evaluation of various morphological aspects of septal cartilage-a cadaveric study: a 6 months observation study in KLEs, Dr. Prabhakar kore hospital, Belagavi

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Indresh Chandra ◽  
Shama Bellad
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Donor Graft

<p class="abstract">The nasal septum provides support for the portion of cartilaginous nasal dorsum, and it is responsible for determining the projection of the nasal tip. Septal cartilage plays an important role as a donor graft material in modern rhinoplasty. An anatomical study was performed on 10 adult cadavers. The excised septal cartilage was placed on grid paper; digital images were taken; all septal cartilage was divided into nine equivalent quadrants; and quantitative measurements for length, height, and area were calculated and compared. The average length of the septum was 35.8 mm, while the average height was 25.9 mm. The average septal area was 679.7 mm<sup>2</sup>. The septal thickness mean values were analysed in nine quadrants, ranging from 1.21 to 2.08 mm. Specifically, the central and cranial areas were thickest, and the area corresponding to the L-strut was thinnest. Anatomical variations of the thickness of septal cartilage excisions were found to be statistically significant, and these differences play an important role in the proper selection of the septal grafts.</p>

scholarly journals Endophytic microbiome variation at the level of a single plant seed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AF Bintarti ◽  
A Sulesky-Grieb ◽  
N Stopnisek ◽  
A Shade
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Metagenomic Dna ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Individual Seed ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Microbiome Assembly ◽  
Plant Microbiome

AbstractLike other plant compartments, the seed harbors a microbiome. The members of the seed microbiome are the first to colonize a germinating seedling, and they initiate the trajectory of microbiome assembly for the next plant generation. Therefore, the members of the seed microbiome are important for the dynamics of plant microbiome assembly and the vertical transmission of potentially beneficial symbionts. However, it remains challenging to assess the microbiome at the individual seed level (and, therefore, for the future individual plant) due to low endophytic microbial biomass, seed exudates that can select for particular members, and high plant and plastid contamination of resulting reads. Here, we report a protocol for extracting metagenomic DNA from an individual seed (common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with minimal disruption of host tissue, which we expect to be generalizable to other medium-and large-seed plant species. We applied this protocol to quantify the 16S rRNA V4 and ITS2 amplicon composition and variability for individual seeds harvested from replicate common bean plants grown under standard, controlled conditions to maintain health. Using metagenomic DNA extractions from individual seeds, we compared seed-to-seed, pod-to-pod, and plant-to-plant microbiomes, and found highest microbiome variability at the plant level. This suggests that several seeds from the same plant could be pooled for microbiome assessment, given experimental designs that apply treatments at the maternal plant level. This study adds protocols and insights to the growing toolkit of approaches to understand the plant-microbiome engagements that support the health of agricultural and environmental ecosystems.

Operational implementation of a LiDAR inventory in Boreal Ontario

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (04) ◽  
pp. 512-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Woods ◽  
Doug Pitt ◽  
Margaret Penner ◽  
Kevin Lim ◽  
Dave Nesbitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Statistical Precision ◽  
Regression Estimators ◽  
Mean Square Errors

An existing Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data set captured on the Romeo Malette Forest near Timmins, Ontario, was used to explore and demonstrate the feasibility of such data to enrich existing strategic forest-level resource inventory data. Despite suboptimal calibration data, stand inventory variables such as top height, average height, basal area, gross total volume, gross merchantable volume, and above-ground biomass were estimated from 136 calibration plots and validated on 138 independent plots, with root mean square errors generally less than 20% of mean values. Stand densities (trees per ha) were estimated with less precision (30%). These relationships were used as regression estimators to predict the suite of variables for each 400 m2 tile on the 630 000-ha forest, with predictions capable of being aggregated in any user-defined manner—for a stand, block, or forest—with appropriate estimates of statistical precision. This pilot study demonstrated that LiDAR data may satisfy growing needs for inventory data to scale operational/tactical, through strategic needs, as well as provide spatial detail for planning and the optimization of forest management activities.

scholarly journals Some Quantitative Properties оf Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Grown in Meliorated Deposol

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Nenad Malić ◽  
Dragan Mandić
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This paperwork presents the three-year research results on impacts of different agricultural practices on the growth and development of winter wheat(Triticumaestivum L.), on meliorated deposol in the process of reclamationin Stanari mine. The aim of the research is to determine the impacts of different doses of fertilizers and varieties to yieldand quality of wheat.Fieldthree-factor experiment was set up according to the randomized block design with four replications. The first factor (A) is year. The second factor(M) is variety. The third factor (K) representsagromeliorative measu­res fertilizations. Measurement and statistically analysis of plant height, seed yield and 1000 grain weight has been performed. The maximum measured height of wheat plants was 82 cm and average height was 66,2 cm. Maximum seed yield was 6,28 t/ha, with the average 2,66 t/ha. The average value of 1000 grain is 35 g and the maximum value of 44 g. The highest meanvaluesof plant height and seed yield weremeasured at doses of fertilizers N60+40P60K60. The highest mean values of mass of 1000 grain were measured at doses of fertilizers N60+90P60K60. Achieved results show that the winter wheat can be grown on meliorated deposol of Stanari mine overburden disposal.

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