Triticum polonicum L. as potential source material for the biofortification of wheat with essential micronutrients

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Bieńkowska ◽  
Elżbieta Suchowilska ◽  
Wolfgang Kandler ◽  
Rudolf Krska ◽  
Marian Wiwart
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Triticum Polonicum ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Source Materials

AbstractThe grain of modern wheat cultivars has a significantly lower mineral content, including the content of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous, selenium and zinc. For this reason cereal breeders, are constantly searching for new genetic sources of minerals that are essential in human nutrition. Triticum polonicum, which is grown on a small scale in Spain, southern Italy, Algeria, Ethiopia and warm regions of Asia, deserves special attention in this context. The micronutrient and macronutrient content of T. polonicum versus T. durum and T. aestivum was compared in this study. Polish wheat grain was characterized by the significantly highest content of phosphorus (4.55 g/kg), sulphur (1.82 g/kg), magnesium (1.42 g/kg), zinc (49.5 mg/kg), iron (39.1 mg/kg) and boron (0.56 mg/kg) as well as a low content of aluminium (only 1.04 mg/kg). The macronutrient profile of most T. polonicum lines differed completely from that of common wheat and durum wheat. The principal component analysis supported discrimination of seven Polish wheat lines with a particularly beneficial micronutrient profile (P2, P3, P5, P7, P9, P22 and P25). These lines were characterized by the highest content of copper, iron and zinc, as well as the lowest concentrations of strontium, aluminium and barium which are undesirable in food products. The above lines can be potentially applied as source materials for breeding new wheat varieties. The results of this study indicate that Polish wheat could be used in genetic biofortification of durum wheat and common wheat.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Gluten Protein Composition of Ancient (Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt) and Modern Wheat Species (Durum and Common Wheat)

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geisslitz ◽  
Longin ◽  
Scherf ◽  
Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Gluten Protein ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

The spectrophotometric Bradford assay was adapted for the analysis of gluten protein contents (gliadins and glutenins) of spelt, durum wheat, emmer and einkorn. The assay was applied to a set of 300 samples, including 15 cultivars each of common wheat, spelt, durum wheat, emmer and einkorn cultivated at four locations in Germany in the same year. The total protein content was equally influenced by location and wheat species, however, gliadin, glutenin and gluten contents were influenced more strongly by wheat species than location. Einkorn, emmer and spelt had higher protein and gluten contents than common wheat at all four locations. However, common wheat had higher glutenin contents than einkorn, emmer and spelt resulting in increasing ratios of gliadins to glutenins from common wheat (< 3.8) to spelt, emmer and einkorn (up to 12.1). With the knowledge that glutenin contents are suitable predictors for high baking volume, cultivars of einkorn, emmer and spelt with good predicted baking performance were identified. Finally, spelt, emmer and einkorn were found to have a higher nitrogen partial factor productivity than common and durum wheat making them promising crops for a more sustainable agriculture.

Reaction of Wheat Varieties to Tetranychus sinhai Baker (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 838-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. H. Wallace ◽  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Natural Infestation

AbstractTwenty-five varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 25 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in the Western Canadian Co-operative Tests were studied at Morden, Manitoba, in 1964, for their resistance to natural infestation by a spider mite, Tetranychus sinhai Baker. Some of these were heavily infested whereas others showed no infestation. The differences were statistically significant. Generally, the commonly grown varieties, such as, Selkirk, Thatcher, Ramsey, Stewart were resistant, but some of the hybrid varieties, such as Sask. 6070, Q2331-5 under test were susceptible.

Endosperm abnormalities in Triticum–Secale combinations. I. × Triticosecale and its parental species

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 2050-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kaltsikes ◽  
D. G. Roupakias ◽  
J. B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wheat Lines

The development of the fertilized embryo sac was investigated in four triticale lines, common wheat, durum wheat, and rye to ascertain whether a relationship exists between events taking place during the first 6–7 days of its life and kernel shrivelling. No differences were found with respect to embryo development either among triticale or between triticale and wheat lines. Generalized antipodal disintegration occurred earlier in rye and triticale with shrivelled seeds than in either wheat (common and durum) or triticale with full seeds; the difference was more pronounced between wheat and rye than among triticale lines. Triticale with shrivelled seeds and rye were also characterized by a higher number of aberrant endosperm nuclei and delayed generalized endosperm cellularization when compared with lines with plump kernels or with the wheats. No relationship could be established between the kind and position of aberrant nuclei and kernel shrivelling or frequency of aberrants and fertility. The rye parent is most likely responsible for the early degeneration of the antipodals, the formation of the aberrant endosperm nuclei, and the kernel shrivelling observed in triticale.

scholarly journals Allelic variants for Waxy genes in common wheat lines bred at the Lukyanenko National Grain Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-915
Author(s):  
E. R. Davoyan ◽  
L. A. Bespalova ◽  
R. O. Davoyan ◽  
E. V. Agaeva ◽  
G. I. Bukreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Mutant Forms

This article presents the results of a molecular marker-assisted study of allelic variants of Wx genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. The study was carried out as part of the work on the transfer of null alleles of the genes Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 to the varieties of soft wheat and creation of breeding material with modified activities of the main enzymes involved in amylose biosynthesis. The lines were obtained at the Department of Breeding and Seed Production of Wheat and Triticale, National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko, by crossing mutant forms carrying inactive (null) alleles of genes Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 with bread wheat cultivars. The molecular markers selected for the study allowed identification of valuable breeding material carrying both single null alleles of Wx genes and their combinations in its genome. A combination of two null alleles (Wx-A1b + Wx-D1b) was detected in 30 lines. The presence of three null alleles (Wx-A1b + Wx-B1b + Wx-D1b), which corresponded to fully Wx wheat, was found in one line. We selected 37 lines that combined the presence of the Wx-B1e allele with the Wx-A1b and Wx-D1b null alleles. The Wx-A1b + Wx-B1e combination was identified in 26 lines, and 24 lines carried the combination of alleles Wx-B1e + Wx-D1b. The mutant forms PI619381, PI619384, and PI619386 were identified as carriers of the functional Wx-B1e allele. The Wx-A1b and Wx-B1e alleles could have been transferred to the studied lines from the donors used or from the Starshina and Korotyshka varieties, respectively. The mutant forms used in the crosses are donors of the Wx-B1b and Wx-D1b alleles. The use of molecular markers chosen by us for identification of the allelic state of the Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 genes can provide grounds for marker-assisted selection for this trait. Selected lines found to possess null alleles of the Wx genes are applicable in breeding programs aimed at the improvement of technological qualities of grain and raise of bread wheat varieties with modified starch properties.

scholarly journals USING MIXOGRAPH PARAMETERS AND SOME QUALITY PROPERTIES IN SELECTION OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Seydi Aydogan ◽  
Aysun Gocmen Akcacik
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
B Value ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Wheat Lines

This research was carried out in order to determine some chemical, physical and rheological (mixograph) traits of 4 standard durum wheat varieties and 11 durum wheat lines in 2015-2016 under irrigated conditions in Gözlü and Central location of Konya according to randomized block design with three replications. Means of quality parameters varied for thousand kernel weight (30.26-38.45 g), protein ratio (12.94-14.77%), SDS sedimentation (13.75-29.75 ml), color (b value) (20.45-23.35), mixograph development time (1.55-3.79 min), peak height (46.47-81.38%), softening (slope) (6.46-28.85 min/%), peak width (2.19-15.13%), peak area (54-165 Nm) and total area (energy) (236-407 Nm). Significant differences were found between wheat varieties in terms of examined features. Durum wheat lines having weak, strong and very strong gluten were identified in this research. Keywords: Wheat breeding, landraces, genetic structure, semolina, dough traits, gluten index, mixograph parameters.

The effects of optimum heading date and its stability on yield and consistency of performance of barley and durum wheat in dry areas

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Rainfed Wheat ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Wheat Lines

SummaryData from several trials with large numbers of barley and durum wheat varieties conducted mainly under dryland conditions in a Mediterranean climate were used to study the effects of heading date and its stability on consistency of performance.Heading date was expressed in relation to one or more control varieties, because of the significant genotype × environment interactions. Data from trials during 1969–85 were used to determine optimum heading date in order to aid selection for consistently high-yielding varieties. For rainfed barley in Cyprus this optimum range was between 2 days after and 5–8 days before heading of Kantara barley and for rainfed wheat 1 day after to 4 days before heading of Karpasia durum wheat. It is suggested that by selecting at one environment single plants from segregating populations or lines from nurseries and yield trials, having heading date within the optimum range, the chances of selecting consistently high-yielding lines are increased.The genotype and environment significantly affected heading date. Stability of heading date was genetically controlled. Early varieties tended to be more variable than late varieties of both barley and durum wheat. Lines with the lowest values for variance of heading date gave low yields under variable conditions because they were very late. The consistently high-yielding lines of barley and durum wheat had variance of log transformed heading (s2log2) 0·025–0·050.In durum wheat, lines with the lowest variance were later in heading date than the optimum for Cyprus environments. The absolute values of variance of heading date of varieties varied with year, but significant positive correlations were obtained between years (r = 0·84 for durum wheat and r = 0·55 for barley, P < 0·01).Barley, which is considered a safer crop for the driest parts of the Mediterranean countries, heads a few days earlier than durum wheat but its better performance may be attributed also to its ability to grow faster than wheat in the winter months.

scholarly journals Genetic and Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Sicilia ◽  
Umberto Anastasi ◽  
Michele Bizzini ◽  
Stefania Montemagno ◽  
Carmelo Nicotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Abstract Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. A strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named “Bufala”, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and used for the production of a traditional bread type locally appreciated. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect pattern of diversity for 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was than conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both “Bufala” and “Bufala-related” rivet landraces. To the third group old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed as “Bufala” genotypes are characterized by lower ear density compared with the other studied genotypes, a major ear length and a later earing time. The generated knowledge about the levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution for parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs in order to define a plant ideotype suitable for low-input and organic cropping systems, as well as for germplasm conservation and management.

scholarly journals Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines derived from the cross of TRITICUM AESTIVUM with T. kiharae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlga Orlovskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Dubovets ◽  
Lylia Solovey ◽  
Irina Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background Triticum kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of bread wheat as a source of high grain protein and gluten content, as well as resistance to many diseases. The use of T. kiharae for the improvement of T. aestivum L. is complicated by the fact that the homology degree of their genomes is low and this leads to an unbalanced set of chromosomes in the gametes of its first generations and the elimination of some genotypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions and their effect on the cytological stability of hybrids obtained from crossing of bread wheat varieties with T. kiharae. Results Using C-banding, the presence of entire chromosomes of T. kiharae in the karyotypes of hybrid lines (intergenomic substitution 2G/2B), chromosome arms (centric translocation Т2AtS:2AL) and large inserts in the form of terminal translocations involving chromosomes of 1st, 3rd and 5th homoeologous groups of B- and G-genomes were found. Molecular markers revealed short introgression of T. kiharae into the genome of common wheat varieties. The highest introgression frequency was shown for 1A, 1B, 2A, 5B, and 6A chromosomes, while no foreign chromatin was detected in 4A and 4B chromosomes. A high level of cytological stability (a meiotic index of 88.18–93.0%) was noted for the majority of introgression lines. An exception was found for the lines containing the structural reorganization of chromosome 5B, affecting the main genes of chromosome synapsis in terms of their functioning. Conclusions During the stabilization of hybrid karyotypes, the introgression of genetic material from T. kiharae into the genome of T. aestivum occurs in the form of short fragments detectable only by molecular markers and in the form of whole chromosomes (intergenomic substitution) and their large fragments (centric and terminal translocations). The level of cytological stability achieved in F10 by the majority of introgression lines ensures the formation of functional gametes sufficient for the successful reproduction of the obtained hybrids.

INFLUENCE OF SALINITY TOLERANCE GENES ON SELECTIVELY VALUABLE TRAITS OF DURUM WHEAT LINES

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
А. Z. Shikhmuradov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Saline Medium

The studies were carried out at the Dagestan experimental station of All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR). The material for the study was hybrids from the first to fifth generations, as well as plants of backcross progeny on saline (Khoshmenzil) and normal (VIR) backgrounds. The work was carried out under irrigation conditions on the following soils: 1. Meadow chestnut, slightly saline medium and heavy loamy (central farmstead). The degree of salinity in the 0 - 50 cm layer is weak, in 50 - 75 cm – only occasionally average, ph level – 7.8 - 8.4. 2. Meadow-chestnut strongly saline medium-solonetzic medium loamy (site "Khoshmenzil"). The soils are highly saline throughout the profile. The type of salinity in the upper layer is chloride-sulfate, in the lower horizons – sulfate-chloride. Among the traits considered, the most variable were the number of grains and the weight of grain per ear. According to these features the lines selected from the combinations k-31542 x k-15061, k-16470 x k-15061 were distinguished. According to the coarse-grained on a saline background were distinguished hybrid lines k-46718 x k-40194, k-58732 x k-50092 x k-50092 and k-58732 x k-46718 x k-46718. Hybrid forms are a valuable starting material for breeding salt-tolerant high-yielding durum wheat varieties. In our view, the selection of salt-tolerant wheat varieties for specific growing should be based on identifying and studying the most effective alleles of the genes that determine this trait conditions in the future.

scholarly journals Genetic and Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Angelo Sicilia ◽  
Umberto Anastasi ◽  
Michele Bizzini ◽  
Stefania Montemagno ◽  
Carmelo Nicotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. One strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named Bufala, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and characterized by adaptability in terms of cold tolerance, ability to grow in marginal soils, weed competitiveness and resistance to diseases. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect patterns of diversity in 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was then conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both Bufala and Bufala-related rivet landraces. To the third group, old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed that Bufala genotypes are characterized by lower ear density, major ear length and later earing time compared with the other studied genotypes. The levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution to parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs, as well as to germplasm conservation and management.

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