scholarly journals Genetic and Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Angelo Sicilia ◽  
Umberto Anastasi ◽  
Michele Bizzini ◽  
Stefania Montemagno ◽  
Carmelo Nicotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. One strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named Bufala, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and characterized by adaptability in terms of cold tolerance, ability to grow in marginal soils, weed competitiveness and resistance to diseases. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect patterns of diversity in 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was then conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both Bufala and Bufala-related rivet landraces. To the third group, old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed that Bufala genotypes are characterized by lower ear density, major ear length and later earing time compared with the other studied genotypes. The levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution to parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs, as well as to germplasm conservation and management.

scholarly journals Genetic and Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Sicilia ◽  
Umberto Anastasi ◽  
Michele Bizzini ◽  
Stefania Montemagno ◽  
Carmelo Nicotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Abstract Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. A strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named “Bufala”, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and used for the production of a traditional bread type locally appreciated. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect pattern of diversity for 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was than conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both “Bufala” and “Bufala-related” rivet landraces. To the third group old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed as “Bufala” genotypes are characterized by lower ear density compared with the other studied genotypes, a major ear length and a later earing time. The generated knowledge about the levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution for parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs in order to define a plant ideotype suitable for low-input and organic cropping systems, as well as for germplasm conservation and management.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Puccio ◽  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Alfonso S. Frenda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Unravelling the hidden inter and intra-varietal diversity of durum wheat commercial varieties used in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Miguel Bento ◽  
Sónia Gomes Pereira ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
High Level

AbstractAssessing durum wheat genomic diversity is crucial in a changing environmental particularly in the Mediterranean region where it is largely used to produce pasta. Durum wheat varieties cultivated in Portugal and previously assessed regarding thermotolerance ability were screened for the variability of coding sequences associated with technological traits and repetitive sequences. As expected, reduced variability was observed regarding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) but a specific LMW-GS allelic form associated with improved pasta-making characteristics was absent in one variety. Contrastingly, molecular markers targeting repetitive elements like microsatellites and retrotransposons – Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Inter Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) – disclosed significant inter and intra-varietal diversity. This high level of polymorphism was revealed by the 20 distinct ISSR/IRAP concatenated profiles observed among the 23 individuals analysed. Interestingly, median joining networks and PCoA analysis grouped individuals of the same variety and clustered varieties accordingly with geographical origin. Globally, this work demonstrates that durum wheat breeding strategies induced selection pressure for some relevant coding sequences while maintaining high levels of genomic variability in non-coding regions enriched in repetitive sequences.

Triticum polonicum L. as potential source material for the biofortification of wheat with essential micronutrients

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Bieńkowska ◽  
Elżbieta Suchowilska ◽  
Wolfgang Kandler ◽  
Rudolf Krska ◽  
Marian Wiwart
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Triticum Polonicum ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Source Materials

AbstractThe grain of modern wheat cultivars has a significantly lower mineral content, including the content of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous, selenium and zinc. For this reason cereal breeders, are constantly searching for new genetic sources of minerals that are essential in human nutrition. Triticum polonicum, which is grown on a small scale in Spain, southern Italy, Algeria, Ethiopia and warm regions of Asia, deserves special attention in this context. The micronutrient and macronutrient content of T. polonicum versus T. durum and T. aestivum was compared in this study. Polish wheat grain was characterized by the significantly highest content of phosphorus (4.55 g/kg), sulphur (1.82 g/kg), magnesium (1.42 g/kg), zinc (49.5 mg/kg), iron (39.1 mg/kg) and boron (0.56 mg/kg) as well as a low content of aluminium (only 1.04 mg/kg). The macronutrient profile of most T. polonicum lines differed completely from that of common wheat and durum wheat. The principal component analysis supported discrimination of seven Polish wheat lines with a particularly beneficial micronutrient profile (P2, P3, P5, P7, P9, P22 and P25). These lines were characterized by the highest content of copper, iron and zinc, as well as the lowest concentrations of strontium, aluminium and barium which are undesirable in food products. The above lines can be potentially applied as source materials for breeding new wheat varieties. The results of this study indicate that Polish wheat could be used in genetic biofortification of durum wheat and common wheat.

Evaluation of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Hybrids Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (63) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Natalija Markova Ruzdik ◽  
Ilija Karov ◽  
Sasa Mitrev ◽  
Biljana Gjorgjieva ◽  
Biljana Kovacevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Main Components

AbstractEvaluation and characterization of sunflower hybrids using morphological, physiological and biochemical data are necessary and essential in sunflower breeding programs. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the productive possibilities of some sunflower hybrids grown in Macedonian environmental conditions. The experiment was carried out during the period 2013 and 2014 on the research field of the Faculty of Agriculture, “Goce Delchev” University – Shtip, in Ovche Pole locality, Republic of Macedonia. Total 20 sunflower hybrids were used as an experimental material. The trial was arranged as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The average content of oil and oleic acid were 45.6 and 65.2%, respectively. The highest seed yield from all sunflower hybrids was obtained for the hybrid NLK12M144 (3,344 kg ha–1) and the lowest for hybrid NLK12S126 (2,244 kg ha–1). Cluster analysis classified the sunflower hybrids into four groups based on agronomic traits and seed yield. Most of the hybrids were included in cluster I and III (7 hybrids) followed by cluster IV. Using principal component analysis two main components have been extracted, with eigenvalue greater than one. They account for 72.99% of the variability in the original data. Only four hybrids had positive values for both main components (NLK12M144, NLK12S070, NLK12S125 and NLN12N011 DMR). The results from this study can be used to identify the best sunflower hybrids grown under Macedonian environmental conditions and to select the superior hybrids for future exploitation.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of a natural polymorphism in FT-A2 associated with increased number of grains per spike in wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Glenn ◽  
Junli Zhang ◽  
Gina Brown-Guedira ◽  
Noah DeWitt ◽  
Jason P. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract Key message We discovered a natural FT-A2 allele that increases grain number per spike in both pasta and bread wheat with limited effect on heading time. Abstract Increases in wheat grain yield are necessary to meet future global food demands. A previous study showed that loss-of-function mutations in FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) increase spikelet number per spike (SNS), an important grain yield component. However, these mutations were also associated with reduced fertility, offsetting the beneficial effect of the increases in SNS on grain number. Here, we report a natural mutation resulting in an aspartic acid to alanine change at position 10 (D10A) associated with significant increases in SNS and no negative effects on fertility. Using a high-density genetic map, we delimited the SNS candidate region to a 5.2-Mb region on chromosome 3AS including 28 genes. Among them, only FT-A2 showed a non-synonymous polymorphism (D10A) present in two different populations segregating for the SNS QTL on chromosome arm 3AS. These results, together with the known effect of the ft-A2 mutations on SNS, suggest that variation in FT-A2 is the most likely cause of the observed differences in SNS. We validated the positive effects of the A10 allele on SNS, grain number, and grain yield per spike in near-isogenic tetraploid wheat lines and in an hexaploid winter wheat population. The A10 allele is present at very low frequency in durum wheat and at much higher frequency in hexaploid wheat, particularly in winter and fall-planted spring varieties. These results suggest that the FT-A2 A10 allele may be particularly useful for improving grain yield in durum wheat and fall-planted common wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic erosion on Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces using different approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Zemede Lemma ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Kebebew Assefa Abebe ◽  
Zewdie Bishaw
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Local Farmers

The demand and use of improved crop varieties by farmers has increased in the central highlands of Ethiopia, where continuous loss of local traditional varieties has been occurring in the last two to three decades. The objectives of the study were to assess the extent of genetic erosion and perception of farmers and associated causes for the reduction of traditional farmers' varieties. Direct field assessment covering 56 wheat farms and a survey in which 149 farmers participated were carried out in three districts of central Ethiopia. Based on data collected during direct farm assessment, the loss of genotypes was found to be 88% in Ada followed by 80% and 60% in Lume and Gimbichu districts, respectively. The farmer survey indicated an even greater loss of diversity of100% in Ada followed by Lume (93%) and Gimbichu (67%). Diseases and pests as well as shorter growing seasons associated with climate change were identified as main causes for farmers to switch to modern varieties. The expansion of high yielding improved bread and durum wheat varieties also contributed to gradually replace local durum wheat varieties by local farmers of these districts. Overall, genetic erosion of tetraploid wheat varied among the three districts of central Ethiopia. Reductions in the number of farmers and area coverage in the study districts could be used as good indicators for the existence of genetic erosion.

Characterization of the high α -amylase levels in grain of the wheat cultivar BD 159

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Mares ◽  
K Mrva ◽  
JF Panozzo
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
New South ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Late Maturity

TThe advanced wheat breeding line BD 159, from Victoria, exhibited a wide variation in falling number values at trial sites in 1990 when corresponding values for standard cultivars were uniformly high. The variable and unpredictable behaviour of BD 159 appears to be typical of a number of advanced lines and parental stocks from Australian breeding programs. The grain samples of BD 159 with low falling numbers had elevated levels of a-amylase which was distributed evenly in the proximal and distal halves of the grains. This distribution pattern, which was quite distinct from the steep gradient in a-amylase activity typical of germinated grains, and the absence of any evidence of sprouting indicated that the anomalous behaviour of BD 159 is a new and different form of the late maturity a-amylase syndrome previously described in wheat varieties such as Spica and Lerma 52. The high levels of a-amylase were reproduced at Narrabri in northern New South Wales when plants were transplanted from the field and allowed to ripen in a cool temperature glasshouse. Plants which were left to ripen in the field produced grain with a very low a-amylase activity.

Hybrid necrosis as a problem in handling hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Necrosis ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
Selection For

SummaryA tetraploid wheat breeding programme was initiated at the Plant Breeding Institute in 1970. Hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses were expected to contribute to the improvement of the tetraploid wheats but severe hybrid necrosis caused the death of the pentaploid Fxhybrid plants in most crosses. The genotypes of tetraploid wheat selections derived from crosses involving Rampton Rivet, a non-carrier of Neu were determined by test crossing to hexaploid wheat varieties which were known to carry the Neim allele. Similarly, hexaploid wheat selections which did not carry Ne2 were identified from crosses involving Maris Ranger by test crossing to durum selections which carried the Nef allele. By the careful choice of one parent, hexaploid x tetraploid wheat crosses were then made which avoided the hybrid necrosis problem. Segregation of the Ne% gene was as expected but selection for agronomic characters appeared to favour the retention of the dominant allele of the Ne1gene. Nevertheless, test crossing on a relatively small scale still identified many non-carriers.

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