Phenotypic diversity and capsaicinoid content of chilli pepper landraces (Capsicum spp.) from the Yucatan Peninsula

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. C. Castillo-Aguilar ◽  
L. C. López Castilla ◽  
N. Pacheco ◽  
J. C. Cuevas-Bernardino ◽  
R. Garruña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Mexico has a wealth of plant genetic resources, including Capsicum species. In southern Mexico, specifically in the western part of the Yucatan Peninsula, Maya farmers have preserved a great diversity of chilli pepper landraces of C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense. However, the morphological diversity, capsaicinoid content, conservation status and potential use of these species have not been studied. To fill this gap and generate information to support the conservation and use of these species, we characterized the phenotypic diversity and capsaicinoid content for nine chilli pepper landraces from the western Yucatan Peninsula by assessing 15 quantitative and 39 qualitative traits for 10 plants of each landrace. For quantitative variables, two groups of chilli pepper landraces were obtained by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Group I was formed by Rosita, Bobo, Dulce, Xcat'ik1, Xcat'ik2 and Verde landraces; Group II included the Maax, Bolita and Pico Paloma landraces. For qualitative variables, three groups of chilli pepper landraces were obtained; Group I included Dulce, Bobo, Xcat'ik1, Xcat'ik2 and Verde landraces, Group II only included the Rosita landrace, and Group III included Maax, Bolita and Pico Paloma landraces. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) quantification of capsaicinoids indicated higher values in landraces Rosita (14,062.3 μg/g D.W), Bolita (5928.1 μg/g D.W), Maax (3438.4 μg/g D.W) and Pico Paloma (3138.9 μg/g D.W). The Yucatan chilli pepper landraces provide valuable diverse germplasm for morphological characteristics and capsaicinoid content that can be used in breeding and conservation programmes.

scholarly journals Structure and Genetic Diversity of Nine Important Landraces of Capsicum Species Cultivated in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucero del C. López Castilla ◽  
René Garruña Hernández ◽  
Crescencio de la Cruz Castillo Aguilar ◽  
Aida Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Matilde Margarita Ortiz-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Capsicum Species

Mexico has a wealth of Capsicum species, which has led to the development of a large number of chili pepper landraces. A great wealth of Capsicum germplasm can be found in southern Mexico in the Yucatan Peninsula, an important area of diversification of Capsicum annuum. Specifically, in the western Yucatan Peninsula, three of the five domesticated species of Capsicum (C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens) have been reported. However, information on their genetic diversity, conservation status and potential use is lacking. To generate useful information toward the sustainable use, management and conservation of these species, we evaluated the structure, diversity and genetic relationships of nine accessions of Capsicum spp., of major importance cultivated in the western Yucatan Peninsula using 42 ISSR loci. The results indicated that these accessions consisted of three genetic groups that were defined by the respective species of each accession. The level of genetic diversity was moderate and distributed mainly among accessions. The ISSR markers detected a high level of polymorphism and allowed the genetic differentiation of the C. annuum complex. The results indicated that the accessions collected in the western Yucatan Peninsula constitute a valuable genetic resource that can be used in genetic improvement and conservation programs.

Conservation status of the inland aquatic crustaceans in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: shortcomings of a protection strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy F. Mercado-Salas ◽  
Benjamín Morales-Vela ◽  
Eduardo Suárez-Morales ◽  
Thomas M. Iliffe
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula

scholarly journals Selectivity in feeding preferences and ranging patterns in spider monkeys Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis of northeastern Yucatan peninsula, Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Scherbaum ◽  
Alejandro Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Spider Monkey ◽  
Ateles Geoffroyi ◽  
Spider Monkeys ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Ranging Patterns ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Total Feeding

Abstract The spider monkey, a fruit specialist and important seed dispersal agent in the Neotropics, is an endangered primate due to habitat loss, hunting and the pet trade. Spider monkeys have been the subject of a few studies in Central and South America, but little is known about the diet and ranging for this primate in southern Mexico. Here we report the results of a six-month long study (October 2010 to March 2011) of the feeding preferences and ranging patterns of the Yucatan spider monkey Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis living in the “Ya´ax´che” reserve by the Caribbean coast in northeast Yucatan peninsula. Focal animal and scan sampling as well as GPS tracking were used to document spider monkey feeding behavior, location of food trees and ranging in the reserve. The spider monkeys used 36 species of plants (94% trees; n = 432) and six non tree morphospecies as a source of food. Six tree species accounted for ≥80% of total feeding time and for 74% of all trees used. Fruits accounted for 59% of total feeding time, followed by leaves (35%), palm piths (5%) and other plant parts (1%). Total range used by the monkeys was estimated at 43% of semievergreen rainforest habitat available (ca 40ha). Range use was not random with segments showing light, moderate and heavy use; the use of different areas of their range varied monthly and was closely linked to the spatial dispersion of the trees used for food.

scholarly journals Phylogeography and morphometric variation in the Cinnamon Hummingbird complex: Amazilia rutila (Aves: Trochilidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Vázquez-López ◽  
Nandadevi Córtes-Rodríguez ◽  
Sahid M. Robles-Bello ◽  
Alfredo Bueno-Hernández ◽  
Luz E. Zamudio-Beltrán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Divergence Time Estimates ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The Mesoamerican dominion is a biogeographic area of great interest due to its complex topography and distinctive climatic history. This area has a large diversity of habitats, including tropical deciduous forests, which house a large number of endemic species. Here, we assess phylogeographic pattern, genetic and morphometric variation in the Cinnamon Hummingbird complex Amazilia rutila, which prefers habitats in this region. This resident species is distributed along the Pacific coast from Sinaloa—including the Tres Marías Islands in Mexico to Costa Rica, and from the coastal plain of the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico south to Belize. Methods We obtained genetic data from 85 samples of A. rutila, using 4 different molecular markers (mtDNA: ND2, COI; nDNA: ODC, MUSK) on which we performed analyses of population structure (median-joining network, STRUCTURE, FST, AMOVA), Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses, and divergence time estimates. In order to evaluate the historic suitability of environmental conditions, we constructed projection models using past scenarios (Pleistocene periods), and conducted Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSP) to visualize changes in population sizes over time. To analyze morphometric variation, we took measurements of 5 morphological traits from 210 study skins. We tested for differences between sexes, differences among geographic groups (defined based on genetic results), and used PCA to examine the variation in multivariate space. Results Using mtDNA, we recovered four main geographic groups: the Pacific coast, the Tres Marías Islands, the Chiapas region, and the Yucatán Peninsula together with Central America. These same groups were recovered by the phylogenetic results based on the multilocus dataset. Demography based on BSP results showed constant population size over time throughout the A. rutila complex and within each geographic group. Ecological niche model projections onto past scenarios revealed no drastic changes in suitable conditions, but revealed some possible refuges. Morphometric results showed minor sexual dimorphism in this species and statistically significant differences between geographic groups. The Tres Marías Islands population was the most differentiated, having larger body size than the remaining groups. Conclusions The best supported evolutionary hypothesis of diversification within this group corresponds to geographic isolation (limited gene flow), differences in current environmental conditions, and historical habitat fragmentation promoted by past events (Pleistocene refugia). Four well-defined clades comprise the A. rutila complex, and we assess the importance of a taxonomic reevaluation. Our data suggest that both of A. r. graysoni (Tres Marías Islands) and A. r. rutila (Pacific coast) should be considered full species. The other two strongly supported clades are: (a) the Chiapas group (southern Mexico), and (b) the populations from Yucatán Peninsula and Central America. These clades belong to the corallirostris taxon, which needs to be split and properly named.

scholarly journals Creation and Characterization of Industrially Applicable de Novo Lager Yeast Hybrids with a Unique Genomic Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachari Turgeon ◽  
Thomas Sierocinski ◽  
Cedric A. Brimacombe ◽  
Yiqiong Jin ◽  
Brittany Goldhawke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Lager Yeast ◽  
Genomic Architecture ◽  
Group I ◽  
Saccharomyces Pastorianus ◽  
Lager Beer ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Beer Production

Lager beer is produced by Saccharomyces pastorianus, which is a natural allopolyploid hybrid between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus. Lager strains are classified into two major groups based largely on genomic composition: Group I and Group II. Group I strains are allotriploid, whereas Group II are allotetraploid. A lack of phenotypic diversity in commercial lager strains has led to substantial interest in the reconstitution of de novo allotetraploid lager strains by hybridization of S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus strains. Such strategies rely on the hybridization of wild S. eubayanus isolates, which carry unacceptable traits for commercial lager beer such as phenolic off-flavours and incomplete utilization of carbohydrates. Using an alternative breeding strategy, we have created de novo lager hybrids containing the domesticated S. eubayanus subgenome from an industrial S. pastorianus strain by hybridizing diploid meiotic segregants of this strain to a variety of S. cerevisiae ale strains. Five de novo hybrids were isolated which had fermentation characteristics similar to those of prototypical commercial lager strains but with unique phenotypic variation due to the contributions of the S. cerevisiae parents. Genomic analysis of these de novo lager hybrids identified novel allotetraploid genomes carrying three copies of the S. cerevisiae genome and one copy of the S. eubayanus genome. Most importantly, these hybrids do not possess the negative traits which result from breeding wild S. eubayanus. The de novo lager strains produced using industrial S. pastorianus in this study are immediately suitable for industrial lager beer production. IMPORTANCE All lager beer is produced using two related lager yeast types: Group I and Group II, which are highly similar resulting in a lack of strain diversity for lager beer production. To date, approaches for generating new lager yeasts have generated strains possessing undesirable brewing characteristics which render them commercially inviable. We have used an alternative approach that circumvents this issue and created new lager strains that are directly suitable for lager beer production. These novel lager strains also possess a unique genomic architecture, which may lead to a better understanding of industrial yeast hybrids. We propose that strains created using our approach be classified as a third group of lager strains (Group III). We anticipate that these novel lager strains will be of great industrial relevance, and that this technique will be applicable to the creation of additional novel lager strains that will help broaden the diversity in commercial lager beer strains.

scholarly journals Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Detected in the State of Campeche on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. de Jesús Yáñez Morales ◽  
I. Alanis Martínez ◽  
J. Manuel Soto Rocha ◽  
D. K. Malvick ◽  
J. E. Kurle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd is a destructive foliar disease of soybean (Glycine max L), which was first confirmed in North America in Louisiana during 2004 (4). Soybean rust (SBR) has also been reported late in the growing season as far north as Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa. SBR was first confirmed in Mexico in 2005 in the state of San Luis Potosi on soybean (3) and subsequently reported in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and the southwestern coast of Chiapas. Symptoms of SBR were observed on leaves of multiple, nearly mature soybean plants near the city of Campeche (19.72796°N, 90.0771°W) on the Gulf Coast of the Yucatan Peninsula during November 2008. Angular and irregular chlorotic lesions on leaves contained necrotic spots and pale brown, erumpent, cone-like uredinia with a central opening. Ellipsoid to obovoid, echinulate, light tan urediniospores (10 to 13 × 16 to 18 μm) were observed microscopically. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue containing uredinia and from asymptomatic tissue with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). P. pachyrhizi was confirmed in the symptomatic leaves by a PCR assay with Ppm1/Ppa2 primers, but not from the asymptomatic leaves (1). Subsequently, the DNA extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf tissues was tested again in another laboratory by a specific quantitative PCR assay (1), and positive results for the presence of soybean rust were obtained only from the symptomatic tissue. As a final confirmatory step, amplified DNA from the PCR assay was sequenced, and the results matched P. pachyrhizi sequences in the GenBank database. To our knowledge, these observations confirm for the first time the presence of P. pachyrhizi in the state of Campeche of southern Mexico. Although it was confirmed on soybean during 2008, it is not known how long the pathogen has been present or which other hosts may be infected there. The presence of SBR on the Yucatan Peninsula is significant because of its potential effects on local plant hosts. In addition, the climate allows possible year-round survival of the pathogen and long-distance transport of urediniospores to the United States. Potential transport of SBR spores from this part of Mexico to the United States has been reported through the application of NOAA's HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Transport) model and atmospheric back-trajectory analysis (2). References: (1) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002. (2) S. V. Krupa et al. Plant Dis. 90:1254, 2006. (3) A. C. Rodriguez et al. Plant Dis. 90:1260, 2006. (4) R. W. Schneider et al. Plant Dis. 89:774, 2005.

scholarly journals Diversidad, estructura y afinidades florísticas de un bosque temporalmente inundable de la Península de Yucatán

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Cristopher Albor-Pinto ◽  
Juan Tun-Garrido ◽  
Juan Javier Ortiz-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Southeast Mexico

Temporarily flooded forests (TFF’s) are among the most endangered tree communities in Southeast Mexico and in a contradictory way among the least known in terms of their diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the richness, diversity (Shannon-Wiener) and dominance (relative importance value; RIV) of a TFF of the Yucatan Peninsula, and evaluate its floristic affinities with other TFF’s and upland forests (UF’s) of Southeast Mexico. A sampling method based on 10 quadrants of 10 x 20 m (2 000 m2) was used to record all woody individuals with diameter ≥ 1 cm and height ≥ 1.5 m. A floristic similarity analysis was used including 192 genera of woody plants belonging to TFF’s and UF’s of the Yucatan and Tabasco TFF’s. A Mantel correlation test was performed to determine if the geographic distance has effect on the floristic similarities between TFF’s and UF´s of the Yucatan peninsula. The TFF under study was characterized with a low level of diversity (2.79) and species richness (56), and a high dominance level (52.3 % of RIV in five species). Dominant species such as Haematoxylum campechianum, Dalbergia glabra, Cameraria latifolia, Byrsonima crassifolia, Crescentia cujete and Terminalia buceras showed a floristic neotropical affinity typical of floodable habitats. The structure of the community was characterized by an inverted "J" pattern for the distribution of individuals in the diametric and height classes. The high density of woody lianas, mainly of Dalbergia glabra (22 % of the recorded individuals) suggested an optimal state of conservation of the studied area. The floristic similarity analysis revealed that most of TFF’s in Yucatan Peninsula were grouped with high similarity (55 %) independently of the adjacent UF’s; however, TFF´s resulted similar among them (36 % similarity) when compared with TFF’s from other regions (16 % similarity). According to the Mantel test, the similarity between sites is not influenced by its geographical proximity (r = -0.098, p>0.05). This emphasizes the need to generate conservation strategies for the TFF's of the Yucatan peninsula independently from other regions of Southeast Mexico. Our results suggest that the TFF of the studied region has a similar diversity from other TFF’s in Southeast Mexico, a different floristic composition compared with adjacent UF’s and a structure with an optimal conservation status, characteristics that indicate their importance for the regional flora conservation. Further ecological studies are needed to build a solid foundation for management and conservation for the TFF’s.

Marsdenia calichicola (Apocynaceae), a narrow endemic, endangered new species from the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERMÁN CARNEVALI ◽  
JORGE CARLOS TREJO-TORRES ◽  
VERÓNICA JUÁREZ-JAIMES ◽  
RODRIGO DUNO ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS TAPIA-MUÑOZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Iucn Criteria

Marsdenia (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae, Marsdeniae) is represented by five species in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula (vs. seven in the whole of the province), one of which is herein proposed as new to science.  The new species, Mardenia calichicola Carnevali & Juárez-Jaimes, is only known from a narrow strip of sub-xerophytic forests over calcareous, rocky soils along the northwestern edge in the Yucatán state of Mexico. Marsdenia calichicola is morphologically similar and likely related to M. gallardoae and M. trivirgulata. Among other characters, it differs from Marsdenia gallardoae by the presence of a corona composed of cushion-like calli (corolla lacking calli in M. gallardoae) whereas M. trivirgulata has a glabrous or glabrescent corolla (vs. pubescent in M. calichicola); additional characters are herein discussed. We provide pertinent iconography to aid in the identification of the new species plus a key to diagnose the three species in the M. trivirgulata complex. The conservation status of the new taxon is assessed against the IUCN criteria as CR. A distribution map and a key to the species of Marsdenia from the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province are presented.

Twice lost, twice found: A new species of Gonolobus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) with a reappraisal of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province

Phytotaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 530 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
GERMÁN CARNEVALI ◽  
GUSTAVO A. ROMERO-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS TAPIA-MUÑOZ ◽  
IVÓN M. RAMÍREZ-MORILLO ◽  
CLAUDIA J. RAMÍREZ-DÍAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Different Color ◽  
The Right ◽  
A New Species

Gonolobus is reassessed in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). The genus consists of seven taxa in the area: six species and two subspecies. These include a taxon that we propose here as a new species and the treatment of G. yucatanensis as a subspecies of G. stenanthus and the new combination G. stenanthus subsp. yucatanensis is proposed. These two taxa are endemic to the YPBP. The other species are G. barbatus (for which we propose a lectotype), G. cteniophorus, G. fraternus, G. glaberrimus, and G. leianthus. The new species is G. caamalii Carnevali & R. Duno, restricted to the Yucatán state in Mexico and distinguished by its corolla lobes with a dark purple (almost black) longitudinal, callose band along the proximal 2/3 on the right side of the lobes and a 1.1–1.3 mm broad, annular, continuous dark purple-black band surrounding the gynostemium and corona at the base of the corolla lobes. It appears related to G. leianthus from southern Megamexico, a species from humid forests at higher elevations and that differs in its larger flowers with broader corolla lobes and a strikingly different color pattern in the flowers. The new species is described, illustrated, and discussed. Entries for all Gonolobus species from the YPBP include a brief discussion and specimen citations. The conservation status of the Gonolobus taxa endemic to the YPBP are assessed either as as Endangered (EN) or as Near threatened (NT). Distributional maps for all Gonolobus from the area covered are presented. Finally, we offer a key to Gonolobus of the YPBP.

scholarly journals Description and distribution of Nemacystus howei (W.R. Taylor) Kylin (Chordariaceae) from the northern coast of the Yucatán peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Ileana Ortegón-Aznar ◽  
Ana M. Suárez ◽  
María del Carmen Galindo-de Santiago ◽  
Michael J. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Light Brown Color

Background: There are few studies about Nemacystus on the Atlantic coast, and N. howei has been reported only once for Mexico; that record, however, did not provide a description of this species. Question: What are the morphological characteristics of Nemacystus howei and its distribution on the Yucatan coast? Species study: Macroalgae, Phaeophyceae, Nemacystus howei. Study site and year of study: North coast of Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. Dry and rainy seasons from 2017 to 2019. Methods: Sampling was carried out at five localities, at 5 and 10 m depths, with scuba equipment. Specimens were preserved in diluted formalin in sea water; silica gel and dried-pressed vouchers are housed at the UADY Results: Six samples were collected at the five localities. Each one contains a small mass of filamentous of specimens of Nemacystus howei, that were found only during dry season, at both depths sampled. This alga has a thallus of an entangled filamentous mass of cylindrical, mucilaginous axes, of a light brown color. Younger branches have a solid central axis. Branching is abundant. The main, older axes are hollow. The assimilatory filaments are branched a few times, producing uniseriate colorless hairs and with plurilocular sporangia arising from the base. Nemacystus howei is easily confused with Cladosiphon occidentalis Kylin due to their similar morphology, branching pattern, and size. Conclusion: The significant morphological similarities between these species as well as the paucity of specific works on the Phaeophyceae of the Yucatan Peninsula may explain why Nemacystus howei had not been previously reported.

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