Historical Set Points and the Development of U.S. Presidential Emergency Power

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Tichenor
Keyword(s):  
Executive Power ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
White House ◽  
Episodic Growth ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Security Crises

The recent outpouring of work on executive power during emergencies, inspired by the post-9/11 era, has significantly enhanced our legal and theoretical understanding of this crucial subject. A key flaw in this literature, however, is that it is historically un-rooted, either dismissing or ignoring important analytical and empirical insights from presidential research and from APD and historical-institutionalist perspectives. In this article, I argue that we can better explain patterns and variations in the use of presidential emergency power by paying careful attention to shifting historical set points for executive choice and action during security crises. In particular, the findings here underscore the episodic growth of new precedents, resources, and expectations for the White House in perilous contexts. The development of presidential emergency power reflects the potential for early executive choices to be repeated and legitimated over time, laying dormant as a “loaded weapon” to be used by future executives in similarly urgent circumstances.

Organizational Supports to Sustain Intensive Family Preservation Programs

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty J. Blythe ◽  
Elizabeth M. Tracy ◽  
Avis Kotovsky ◽  
Selma Gwatkin
Keyword(s):  
Family Preservation ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Organizational Supports ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Over Time

In response to increased funding for programs to avoid unnecessary out-of-home placements, family preservation programs are being implemented by private and public agencies. The authors identify the organizational supports that are required to sustain family preservation programs over time. These supports include ongoing training, a broad view of supervisory responsibilities, and careful attention to maintaining relationships with referring and other agencies. Future issues facing family preservation programs also are discussed.

A Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Stuttering

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3S) ◽  
pp. 1180-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Tichenor ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Shared Experience ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Speech Behaviors ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Stuttering behaviors and moments of stuttering are typically defined by what a listener perceives. This study evaluated participants' perceptions of their own experience of moments of stuttering. Method Thirteen adults who stutter participated in a phenomenological qualitative study examining their experience of moments of stuttering. Analysis yielded several common themes and subthemes culminating in an essential structure describing the shared experience. Results Speakers experience anticipation and react in action and nonaction ways. Many speakers experience a loss of control that relates to a lack of a well-formed speech plan or agency. The experience of moments of stuttering changes through therapy, over time, with self-help, and across situations. Many speakers experience so-called typical stuttering behaviors as reactions rather than direct consequences of trying to speak. Interactions with listeners can affect the experience of stuttering. Conclusion Although research recognizes that the experience of the stuttering disorder involves more than just speech behaviors, people who stutter experience stuttering behaviors in time as involving more than just the disruption in speech. This finding has implications for both the theoretical understanding of stuttering and the clinical evaluation and treatment of the stuttering disorder.

Three stages of entrepreneurial orientation: the founder’s role

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Ljungkvist ◽  
Börje Boers ◽  
Joachim Samuelsson
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the development of the five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) over time by taking a founder’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on an in-depth single-case study. It combines semi-structured interviews in the company with archival data, such as annual reports, press clips and interviews in business magazines. Findings The results indicate that the EO dimensions change from being personalized and directly solution-oriented to being intangible value-creation-oriented. Originality/value By suggesting ownership-based EO configurations, this study contributes insights into how different ownership forms propel EO. These configurations – that is, personal, administrative based and intangible focused – show the impact of the EO dimensions and provide a systematic and theoretical understanding of EO change over time.

Between a Rock and a Hard Place

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Staniland
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
Conflict Outcomes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Empirical Record ◽  
Hard Place

Ethnic insurgents sometimes defect to join forces with the state during civil wars. Ethnic defection can have important effects on conflict outcomes, but its causes have been understudied. Using Sunni defection in Iraq as a theory-developing case, this article offers a theory of “fratricidal flipping” that identifies lethal competition between insurgent factions as an important cause of defection. It examines the power of the fratricidal-flipping mechanism against competing theories in the cases of Kashmir and Sri Lanka. These wars involve within-conflict variation in defection across groups and over time. A detailed study of the empirical record, including significant fieldwork, suggests that fratricide was the dominant trigger for defection, while government policy played a secondary role in facilitating pro-state paramilitarism. Deep ideological disagreements were surprisingly unimportant in driving defection. The argument is probed in other wars in Asia. The complex internal politics of insurgent movements deserve careful attention.

Eisenhower’s executive privilege and the public interest

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-84
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
White House ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation

This chapter delves into the depths of one of the most important developments within modern American politics, the creation and institutionalization of executive privilege. In facing a fervent Congress in the grips of McCarthyism, Eisenhower issued a letter denying testimony to the Senate for the Army-McCarthy hearings. His letter included a memo from Attorney General Brownell that claimed the president had an inherent constitutional privilege to deny information to Congress or the public if it was in the public interest and for national security. This action institutionalized the Cold War Paradigm in the executive branch and created an extra-constitutional power for the president. Eisenhower issued several executive orders concerning classification and public dissemination of government information, along with the creation of the Office of Strategic Information (OSI) within the Commerce Department to oversee these policies. Eisenhower claimed historic precedent to justify his inherent constitutional power, regardless, it showed a learned response that changed executive power. Congress would respond in 1955 by creating the Special Subcommittee on Government Information chaired by Rep. John Moss, given jurisdiction for oversight on all executive branch information policies and practices. With the issue of freedom of information institutionalized in Congress, a 12-year legislative power struggle would unfold between Congress and the White House ending with the passage of the Freedom of Information Act in 1966.

The Theoretical Foundations and Historical Development of Interdisciplinarity

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nasser Al-Suqri ◽  
Salim Said AlKindi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Over Time

The concept of interdisciplinarity has a long history but interpretations of this term and the importance of interdisciplinarity in research and education have varied over time. This chapter traces the theoretical understanding and historical development of interdisciplinarity to provide background and context for the book. First it examines the ways in which interdisciplinarity and similar phenomena have been conceptualized in the literature. A roughly chronological account of the main theoretical and empirical developments in interdisciplinarity is then set out, divided into three main periods dating from the early 20th century to the present day.

scholarly journals ISLAM IN AND OUT: COSMOPOLITAN PATRIOTISM AND XENOPHOBIA AMONG MUSLIMS IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE

Africa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Miran-Guyon
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
National History ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe nativist ideology of ivoirité of the 1990s generated brutal discriminatory policies against those labelled as ‘strangers’, especially Muslims. Reversing that perspective, this article focuses on the interface between religion and national identity in twentieth-century Côte d'Ivoire from within Muslim society. The argument is divided into two parts. The first puts forward the counter-hegemonic, patriotic-cum-cosmopolitan narratives that a new Muslim leadership formulated in order to write Islam into national history. The second focuses on grass-roots, demotic, day-to-day realities. It explores Muslim takes on belonging and alienation in practice, paying careful attention to the community's internal diversity. It shows how, over time, Ivorian Muslims have showcased varying degrees of cosmopolitan patriotism but also of their own, local xenophobia. The concluding section returns to the new Muslim leadership and its multifaceted endeavours to reconcile Muslim lived experiences with their cosmopolitan patriotic aspirations. The article ends with a short epilogue surveying the violent armed conflicts of the period 2002 to 2011 and how Muslims were a part of them.

Partisan Bias, Economic Expectations, and Household Spending

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Atif Mian ◽  
Amir Sufi ◽  
Nasim Khoshkhou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Large Shift ◽  
Partisan Bias ◽  
White House ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The well-documented rise in political polarization among the U.S. electorate over the past 20 years has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the effect of partisan bias on survey-based measures of economic expectations. Individuals have a more optimistic view on future economic conditions when they are more closely affiliated with the party that controls the White House, and this tendency has increased significantly over time. Individuals report a large shift in economic expectations based on partisan affiliation after the 2008 and 2016 elections, but administrative data on spending shows no effect of these shifts on actual household spending.

In the Wake of Watergate: Congressional Reform?

1974 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy N. Rieselbach
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Leadership ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
American Presidency ◽  
White House ◽  
Congressional Reform ◽  
Bay Of Pigs ◽  
The Waves

When the Watergate dam broke, the ensuing flood of revelations about White House activities swept away a fundamental and cherished tenet of the contemporary liberal credo: the faith in the beneficence of the American presidency. Already suspect after John Kennedy's Bay of Pigs fiasco and Lyndon Johnson's Indochina policy, the dogma that “the cure for democracy is leadership,” strong, forceful presidential leadership, sank beneath the waves of Watergate. The lesson seems clear that it is naive to assume that an innate goodness characterizes the presidency. Rather it seems safer to accept the proposition that executive power, unchecked or only loosely restrained, can be used for whatever purposes a particular president seeks to promote.

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