The global process of thinking global literature: from Marx’s Weltliteratur to Sarkozy’s littérature-monde

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jernej Habjan
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Third World ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Global History ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

AbstractThis article outlines the history of research in global literature as a history that is itself global. This kind of global history of the theorization of global literature demands a departure from the existing accounts and their nascent gap between heated theoreticist debates and pacifying historicist anthologies. A global approach to the problematic can bridge this gap because it considers not only what the most influential studies on global literature say, but also where and when they say it. Whether these be Romantic assertions of world literature, post-war pleas for cosmopolitan literature, Cold War polemics about ‘Third World’ literature, or millennial theories of transnational, post-national, planetary, and, indeed, global literature, the article considers not only the object of these studies but also the studies themselves as an object; not only the text but also the context. Hence, a historicization of literary theories of globalization in effect bleeds into a historicization of globalization itself.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Critical Systems Thinking ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Future Visions

The book proposes that the Cold War period saw a key debate about the future as singular or plural. Forms of Cold War science depicted the future as a closed sphere defined by delimited probabilities, but were challenged by alternative notions of the future as a potentially open realm with limits set only by human creativity. The Cold War was a struggle for temporality between the two different future visions of the two blocs, each armed with its set of predictive technologies, but these were rivaled, from the 1960s on, by future visions emerging from decolonization and the emergence of a set of alternative world futures. Futures research has reflected and enacted this debate. In so doing, it offers a window to the post-war history of the social sciences and of contemporary political ideologies of liberalism and neoliberalism, Marxism and revisionist Marxism, critical-systems thinking, ecologism, and postcolonialism.

5. From the End of the War to the Schuman Plan (the late 1940s to the early 1950s)

2014 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Ian Bache ◽  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Stephen George ◽  
Owen Parker
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
European Unity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Schuman Plan ◽  
Second World

This chapter charts the long history of plans for European unity, from the end of the Second World War to the Hague Congress, the Cold War, the Schuman Plan, and the Treaty of Paris. It also considers European federalism and the practical reasons why some moves to European unity found favour with the new governments of the post-war period: the threat of communism and the emergence of the Cold War; the so-called German Problem; and the need to ensure adequate supplies of coal for the post-war economic reconstruction. As a solution to these intersecting problems, Jean Monnet, came up with a proposal that paved the way for the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community. The chapter examines Monnet’s proposal, national reactions to it, and the negotiations that led to the creation of the first of the European communities.

Writing the History of Slavery: Between Comparatism and Global History

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-40
Author(s):  
Paulin Ismard
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Global History ◽  
Ancient Athens ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slavery Studies

Should we consider, along with the great specialist Patrick Manning, that “the field of slavery studies has become a model of comparatism in social and economic history”? This depends on what we mean by the term “comparatism,” which has come to denote approaches as different in their methods as they are varied, and even contradictory, in their goals. Since the end of the 1990s, the global history of slavery has highlighted the epistemological naivety of a certain comparatist tradition that understands slavery from the perspective of its institutions, and not as a dynamic process resulting from specific historical conditions. It is nevertheless important to identity the limits of such a “global” approach when it claims to be the only method capable of defining slavery throughout history. After reviewing the theoretical challenges that traverse the contemporary historiography of slavery, this article seeks to show what a “morphological” comparatist approach, using redefined scales of observation, methods, and goals, can contribute to the study of one particular society: Athens during the Classical period. By looking at a specific organization of servile labor common to numerous slave societies, in which a slave tied to the running of a piece of land, a workshop, or a commercial store made regular payments to his master, it is possible to reinterrogate some fundamental aspects of the institution of slavery in ancient Athens.

scholarly journals ИСПАНСКАЯ ТЕМА В РАССКАЗАХ Э. ХЕМИНГУЭЯ «ПОБЕДИТЕЛЬ НЕ ПОЛУЧАЕТ НИЧЕГО»

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (93) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Т.О. Разуменко
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Main Components

Ernest Hemingway is a symbolic figure in the literature of the 20th century. His name and works entered the history of world literature forever. The purpose of the article is to characterize the way of opening the inner world and the emotional state of the characters, the psychology of the ‘lost generation’ in the interaction of its external and internal manifestations through the civil war inSpain. The article analyzes the stories ‘A clean, well-lighted place’, ‘A way you’ll never be’, ‘The light of the world’. The heated atmosphere of the ‘bloody decade’ introduced new themes into the writer's work.Spainbecame a ‘moment of truth’ for E. Hemingway. He feels the inevitability of the coming world war. E. Hemingway expressed himself inSpaincompletely as an artist, and as a citizen. All the characters of his stories are simple people, men and women, unemployed, traumatized by war, looking for their place in the post-war world (a cook, a lumberjack, Indians, prostitutes etc.). Endless humor, laughter, self-irony, joke, and sometimes bitter laughter help them to stand and find their place in life. The ‘code’ of light, purity, and peace are universally introduced into all writer's works. In the personality of his characters there is much in common, unifying them with all the differences in appearance and life path, and above all, hopelessness and disappointment, indifference to life in general, and the most terrible is their loneliness. The utmost frankness and genuineness of soul movements, the combination of morals, history, nature with the chronicle of only human destiny, are exceptionally bright creative personalities of E. Hemingway, who describes his characters. In our work we came to the conclusion that the characters of the stories about the war years inSpain‘A clean, well-lighted place’ (about a lonely old man), ‘A way you’ll never be’ (about the war), ‘The light of the world’ (the sad and ironic story about prostitutes who remembered the past) anyway are rejected by a prosperous society. Hopelessness, dark state of the soul of ‘lost generation’ are combined with the belief in the ‘ordinary’ life without the war for the characters of E. Hemingway’s stories. Light and dignity are the main components of a person’s peaceful life, the confession of a person who got out of the abyss and survived during the war, but who lost the sense of life in peacetime, they are distinguishing features of many characters in military conflicts.

Latin American Tercermundistas in the Soviet Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-240
Author(s):  
Tobias Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter complicates conventional understandings of Latin America’s Cold War by looking at the travels of tercermundista intellectuals and activists to all parts of the USSR. Visits of intellectuals from the global South to the Cold War Soviet Union have hardly been studied. Accounts of the history of Cold War Latin America have put the Soviet Union, as a political and intellectual point of reference, aside too readily. The early Cold War was a time of enhanced, and rather successful, Soviet attempts to present their country in a positive light towards the emerging Third World. Those Latin Americans who developed a sense of belonging with the Third World in the 1960s, this chapter demonstrates, were still susceptible to the lures of certain characteristics of the Soviet state and suggested their implementation in their home countries. The reason for the positive perception came, on the one hand, as a result of very lavishly funded and well conducted programmes for Third World visitors in the Soviet Union.

Union Busting as Development: Transnationalism, Empire and Kennedy's Secret Labour Programme for Bolivia

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Third World ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Third World

AbstractDrawing on archives from the US labour movement, personal papers of transnational labour organisers, Bolivian oral histories and press reports, and government records from four countries, this article explores a web of Cold War relationships forged between Bolivian workers and US government and labour officials. Uncovering a panoply of parallel and sometimes conflicting state-supported trade union development programmes, the article reveals governments’ inability to fully control the exuberance of ideologically-motivated labour activists. Rather than succeed in shoring up a civilian government as intended, US President John F. Kennedy's union-busting programme aggravated fissures in Bolivia's non-Communist Left, ultimately frustrating its attempt to steer a non-aligned posture in Latin America's Cold War. Employing transnational methods to bridge gaps between labour, development and diplomatic history, this article points toward a new imperial studies approach to the multi-sited conflicts that shaped the post-war trajectory of labour movements in Bolivia and throughout the Third World.

The village as Cold War site: experts, development, and the history of rural reconstruction

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Sackley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Third World ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Rural Welfare ◽  
Universal Category ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Village ◽  
Hearts And Minds

AbstractThis article examines ‘the village’ as a category of development knowledge used by policymakers and experts to remake the ‘Third World’ during the Cold War. The idea of the village as a universal category of underdevelopment, capable of being remade by expert-led social reform, structured efforts to win the ‘hearts and minds’ of people from Asia to Latin America and Africa. Rooted in a transnational interwar movement for rural reconstruction, village projects were transformed in the 1950s and 1960s by a scientization of development that narrowed the range of experts in the field and by Cold War politics that increasingly tied development to anti-communism and counterinsurgency. From India to Central America, strategic efforts to control rural populations won out over concerns for rural welfare.

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