Structure and impact of cattle manure trade in crop–livestock systems of Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan C. McRoberts ◽  
Charles F. Nicholson ◽  
David Parsons ◽  
Le Van Nam ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
South Central ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Livestock Systems

AbstractCattle manure value chains play important biological and economic roles in smallholder crop–livestock systems in developing countries, but relative to other livestock products our understanding of the nature and impact of manure sales is limited. In regions with an active manure trade, farmers face a choice between manure use on-farm and sales, which affects nutrient flows and participant incomes. We analyzed the manure value chain operating in south-central Vietnam as an example of the function and role of manure trade in crop–livestock systems. Lowland cattle farmers sell manure through a network of chain participants, including small-scale collectors, lowland and highland traders, to pepper, coffee, dragon fruit and rubber farms in the central highlands and southeast coast. We collected and summarized quantitative data (e.g., manure-related labor, manure transactions, and fertilizer and manure use) gathered in semi-structured interviews with value-chain participants [lowland cattle owners (n = 101), traders (n = 27) and end users (n = 72)]. Lowland cattle owners were selected by stratified random sampling, and subsequent participants were identified in preceding interviews. One key finding concerns the seasonality of the manure value chain: most manure flowed between February and August (lowland dry season and period of peak highland demand) from lowland communes to highland coffee and pepper farms for use as organic soil amendments. Fewer sales occurred, at a lower price, to southeast coastal dragon fruit farms and rubber companies. Value addition to manure occurred via drying, bagging, collection, transport and composting. The presence of local traders facilitated market sales for smallholder cattle owners, and prices through the value chain generally reflected costs for value addition. The geographic distribution of cattle relative to agricultural land influenced the flow of manure, with net outflows from regions with higher animal density to regions with lower density and higher value crop production. Manure trade was an important source of supplementary income for farmers and a primary livelihood activity for traders. Value chain participant net incomes ranged from near US$100 yr−1 for lowland farmers to over US$13,000 yr−1 for traders, and returns to labor were just over US$0.50 h−1 for lowland farmers and US$2 h−1 for traders. The quantitative information generated during our descriptive assessment provides an important first step toward manure value chain improvement, indicates survey methods that can be applied in other areas, and identifies next steps necessary to evaluate chain evolution and resilience.

Value Addition of Onion Markets of Pabna Districts in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Md. Wahidul Islam ◽  
Md. Masudul Hassan ◽  
Samira Islam Resmi ◽  
Mahfuzur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Sales Price ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain Analysis

Bangladesh is principally an agricultural based country dominated by crop production. In Bangladesh onion mostly use for species which gives aroma taste and flavor to the food materials. The present study was designed to measure supply chain analysis of onion markets and to estimate the value addition of onion in selected areas of two upazilas of Pabna district. Primary data were collected from the onion growing area of Sujanagar upazila and Santhiya upazila under Pabna district. Twenty farmers and fifty traders were selected through purposive sampling and simple random sampling procedure. Simple descriptive methods were used to analyze the data. The major findings of the study reveal that onion production is profitable. In the production and marketing system of Onion, many supply chain actors were involved such as Faria, Bepari, Arathdar, wholesaler and retailer. Marketing of onion produced in Sujanagar and Santhiya upazila was moved from the hands of producers to the hands of consumers through six separate chains. The highest sales price per 40Kg of onion received by retailer was Tk. 1625 and the lowest sales price received by farmer was Tk. 1190. In value chain, highest value (29.14 percent) was added by farmer and lowest value (3.97 percent) was added by Arathder of the total value addition. Farmers had the highest proportion of net marketing margin which was about 42.51 percent of total net marketing margin. Retailers had the second highest portion of net marketing margin of onion. On the contrary, Arathdar had the lowest net marketing margin of onion which was only 3.82 percent of total net marketing margin of onion. The study also identified some problems and constraints faced by the onion farmers and trader suggested some recommendations to improve the present production and marketing situation so that per hectare yield of onion and marketing facilities would possibly be increased.

scholarly journals Post-Harvest Practices, Constraints and Opportunities Along Cassava Value Chain in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Abong ◽  
Solomon Shibairo ◽  
Elizabeth Wanjekeche ◽  
Joshua Ogendo ◽  
Tom Wambua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Coast Region

Despite its great potential as a food, feed and for industrial application, its processing and marketing remains economically unexploited. A cross-sectional baseline survey was undertaken in Western (Migori and Busia) and Coastal (Kilifi and Kwale) regions of Kenya between March 2013 and February 2014 using structured questionnaires to assess the post-harvest practices, opportunities and constraints in cassava processing. Results indicate that cassava processing is predominantly (58%) a women affair, males accounting for 42% with modal processors age being 32 years. Flour was the most common processed cassava product in the Coast (33%) while dried chips was highly produced in Migori and Busia in equal proportion of 43%. Other important products included cassava crisps and composite flour. Coast region had a greater diversity of products which are none existent in other regions. Most of the processing across the regions are small scale with workers mostly being the owners and activities take place in open yards with majority of these being in Busia (85 %) followed by Migori (67 %) and Coast region (57 %). Constraints during cassava processing were ranked in the following order: irregular and inadequate supply coupled with low seasonal demand for cassava and cassava products; high perishability of cassava roots; lack of value addition and processing tools; poor group dynamics, cohesion and management structure; lack of capacity building in production and processing technologies. There is very limited value addition to cassava in the study regions and hence the need to develop innovative technologies as well as new domestic and industrial products. Consumer sensitization and awareness on utilization of cassava and cassava products may be key to its promotion.

scholarly journals “Now we’ve all turned to Eating Processed Foods”: A Photovoice Study of the Food and Nutrition Security Implications of ‘Galamsey’ in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong ◽  
Aaron Kobina Christian ◽  
John Ganle ◽  
Richmond Aryeetey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Abstract Small-scale mining, referred to as galamsey in Ghana, is an important source of income for many rural populations. Although concerns have been raised in the media about the significant threats galamsey poses to the environment, health, and livelihoods, there is a representational paucity of evidence regarding its links with local food systems, particularly from the perspective of affected mining communities. The current study explored community perceptions and experiences of galamsey and its perceived effects on food security and livelihoods in the East Akyem Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. Primary data was collected using photovoice, photo exhibition, and interviews. Results show that galamsey has Resulted in degradation of, otherwise, fertile agricultural land, and contamination of freshwater sources. This has resulted in reduced cultivable land, reduced crop production, shortage of essential staple foods, increases in food prices, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods. There is also perception of increased exposure to heavy metals like mercury in locally produced food. Given the adverse health consequences of both food/nutrition insecurity, and increased consumption of processed foods, it is important that public and policy discussions to minimize the effects of galamsey in Ghana should include considerations about food and nutrition insecurity in mining communities.

Cattle manure and lime amendments to improve crop production of acidic soils in Northern Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joann K Whalen ◽  
Chi Chang ◽  
George W Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Available N ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake

Crop production on acid soils can be improved greatly by adjusting the pH to near neutrality. Although soil acidity is commonly corrected by liming, there is evidence that animal manure amendments can increase the pH of acid soils. Fresh cattle manure and agricultural lime were compared for their effects on soil acidity and the production of canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a greenhouse study. Canola and wheat yield, the nutrient content of grain and straw, and selected soil properties were determined on a Gray Luvisol (pH 4.8) from the Peace Region of Alberta. Soil pH increased with lime and manure applications, and canola and wheat yields were higher in limed and manure-amended soils than unfertilized, unlimed soils. Macronutrient uptake by canola and wheat was generally improved by liming and manure applications, and micronutrient uptake was related to the effects of lime and manure on soil pH. An economic analysis compared the costs of using cattle manure and lime to increase soil pH to 6.0. The costs of applying lime and fresh cattle manure to increase soil pH were compared, based on the fees for purchasing and applying lime or loading, hauling and applying manure. The nutrient value of manure was calculated based on the quantities of plant-available N, P and K in fresh manure. At distances less than 40 km, it is economical to substitute fresh cattle manure for agricultural lime to increase soil pH of acidic soils. However, good manure management practices should be followed to minimize the risk of nutrient transport and environmental pollution from agricultural land amended with cattle manure. Key words: Agricultural economics, canola production, cattle manure, lime, soil pH, wheat prodution

scholarly journals Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L) Pada Wilayah Kecamatan Muara Badak

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Akhmad Sopian ◽  
Zainudin Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plants

Farmers generally plant pepper on ultisol soil. Ultisol soil is classified as acid mineral soil which has a wide distribution, but has the potential to develop agricultural land including pepper plantations. The tendency of land used for agricultural activities shows a decrease in soil fertility, indicated by the occurrence of erosion, imbalance of nutrients present in the soil and stronger soil dependence on fertilizer, as well as lower crop production. The research aims to find out the characteristics of pepper land, productivity, potential land for the development of pepper plants in Muara Badak District. This research was carried out using survey methods with stages including; overlaying land maps, interviews, secondary data inventory, in the form of data on the number of farmers, land area, production and cultivation techniques, and analysis of soil samples in the laboratory. The results showed that the population / ha of pepper plants was different for each farmer, where the spacing was 110 x 110 cm, 120 x 120 cm, 130 x 130 cm and 140 x 140 cm with a population between 1300 - 4500 staples / ha. Farmers generally use lodrin organic fertilizer, but are not carried out intensively, and the land management system does not pay attention to the aspect of soil conservation, farmers' land has been cultivated for generations without using terraces and soil cover. The tendency of nutrient loss on the land is quite high because the land is located on a hill and is quite steep at 16-40% slope. Pepper productivity in the study area is quite high, with an average of 1,437 kg / ha. The highest productivity in Salo Palai village reached 1970 kg / ha, while the lowest in Batu Batu village was 830 kg / ha. The results of soil analysis in the two study locations that the content of the element N was classified as medium, the total K was classified as high to very high. pH and CEC are low, this can affect nutrient absorption, so that lime is needed and the addition of organic matter if fertilization is carried out.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Opportunities from Miscanthus Cultivation in Marginal Land for Bioenergy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calliope Panoutsou ◽  
David Chiaramonti
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
The Impact

Substantial areas of agricultural land in south European countries are becoming increasingly marginal and being abandoned due to arid climate with prolonged summers and low rainfall. Perennial, lignocellulosic crops, such as Miscanthus, offer an outlet that couples agriculture with energy, creates employment, and increases profits from feedstock production in rural areas. This research paper follows an Input Output methodology and uses an econometric model to investigate the impact of crop yielding performance and marginal land to jobs and profit from the cultivation and supply of Miscanthus in low quality, marginal land in Italy and Greece. Two value chain cases are analysed: small scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and Fast Pyrolysis Bio Oil (FPBO). The cultivation of Miscanthus in both reference value chains exhibits good employment prospects, with smaller scale value chains creating more labour-intensive logistics operations. The activities can also generate substantial financial profit especially with higher crop yields. Results show a pronounced relationship between profitability and crop yield for both reference value chains - cultivation and supply operations become more profitable with increasing yield. It is, therefore, important to achieve higher yields through good cropping practices, while maintaining high levels of environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) IN SAPTARI DISTRICT, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-19
Author(s):  
Saroj Shrestha ◽  
Narayan Raj Joshi ◽  
Sunil Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Distant Market

A study in value chain of mango in Saptari district of Nepal was conducted during January 2019 to June 2020 in Surunga municipality, Khadak municipality, Balan Bihul rural municipality, Rajbiraj municipality, Agni Sair rural municipality, Shambhunath municipality and Kanchanrup municipality. The study sites were purposively selected as these sites were command areas of PMAMP PIU, Saptari. Total 61 mango growers and 7 traders were randomly selected for the survey. Household survey, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants Interviews were primary sources of data from which information was analyzed and concluded. By the virtue of increasing trend of mango production, farmers were able to produce large quantity of mango despite eminent problems of irrigation and diseases and insects. But, due to middlemen monopolized market system and negligible efforts for value addition practices like storage facility, packaging, cleaning and other processing technology, farmers were compelled to receive lower farm gate price yet retail prices of those produces were high. However on small scale, mango growers were involved in production of diversified products like Aamil, chutneys, achaar, amot etc. of which 37.7% of mango growers sold them in the market. Producers share in short distance market was higher (45.12 %) while it was lower (31.02%) in distant market. Likewise, marketing margin in distant market was higher (Rs. 55.18) than in short distance market (Rs. 30.18). Farmer added value worth Rs. 9.76 in both proximity markets and distant markets, wholesalers added Rs. 10.18 in proximity market and Rs. 12.68 in distant market and retailers added Rs. 20 in proximity market and Rs.35 in distant market to existing value of mango suggesting immense disparity in value addition. Having immense scope for value addition, it was required to strengthen marketing system, establish processing industries, and mobilize resources to increase bargaining power of mango growers in Saptari.

Value chain analysis of tilapia fish seed in some selected areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
N Tabassum ◽  
SA Sabur ◽  
DZ Ethen ◽  
EJ Mahfuza
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

Fisheries sector plays an important role in the economic development of Bangladesh due to its commercial and nutritional value. In Bangladesh, tilapia is produced in a wide range of culture systems, including small-scale, low-input, rural ponds, semi-intensive, intensive and commercial operations. Fish seed is the major input for producing tilapia. So this study is an attempt to examine the prevailing tilapia fish seed value chain based on primary data collected from 45 respondents from the Mymensingh District. Fifteen (15) hatchery owners, ten (10) paikers, ten (10) wholesalers and ten (10) retailers were selected from the study areas. All these value chain actors perform their marketing functions in Dhalla bazar in Trishal, Gouripur bazar in Gouripur, Ishwarganj bazar in Ishwarganj and Digharkanda mor in Mymensingh Sadar. The data were collected through the direct interview method with the help of pretested questionnaires during September to October 2018. The total cost per 10000 pieces tilapia fingerlings was Tk. 2133.28 and net return was calculated at Tk. 1573.85 by the hatchery owners. In the value chains, the highest sale price per 10000 pieces fingerlings received by the retailer was Tk. 7220.13 and the lowest sales price received by paiker was Tk.5185.80 for Tilapia fish seed. Among all the intermediaries, the highest value addition was 36.32 percent by paiker and the lowest value addition was 18.37 percent by retailer. However, net margin was higher for paikers (Tk. 1231.84) and lower for retailers (Tk. 760.97). Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 387-394, 2019

Value-chain dynamics: strengthening the institution of small-scale furniture producers to improve their value addition

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry Purnomo ◽  
Ramadhani Achdiawan ◽  
Melati ◽  
Rika Harini Irawati ◽  
Sulthon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Chain Dynamics

Debate on the linkages between large-scale agriculture and farmers food security: Examples from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 194277862110191
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Directed Development

This article critically contributes to the debate on private large-scale agriculture for export crop production as a means to address the problem of food security in Ethiopia. The reviewed literature was identified by combining relevant keywords. The consumer price index and rainfall pattern, food gaps and affected population were calculated and presented using Microsoft Excel software. The paper argues that although private large-scale agriculture has opportunities in terms of employment generation, income and national-level growth, it poses risks to small-scale farmers’ food security. Loss of access to agricultural land and exposure to market risks endanger their food and livelihood security. The analysis suggests that both large-scale and small-scale agriculture is not a viable means to effectively reduce Ethiopia’s complex food insecurity and hunger. Improving food production for local consumption through transforming small-scale farms to medium-sized labour-intensive farms coupled with investment in manufacturing and building social protection through the adoption of well-intentioned state-directed development interventions that care about the well-being of individuals and households is needed.

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