On the path toward a universal outflow mechanism in light of NGC 4151 and NGC 1068

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (S359) ◽  
pp. 283-284
Author(s):  
D. May ◽  
J. E. Steiner ◽  
R. B. Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Data Cube ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Ngc 4151 ◽  
Molecular Outflow ◽  
Ngc 1068 ◽  
Field Unit ◽  
First Time

AbstractWe use near-infrared Integral Field Unit (IFU) data to analyze the galaxies NGC 4151 and NGC 1068, which have very different Eddington ratios - ˜50 times lower for NGC 4151. Together with a detailed data cube treatment methodology, we reveal remarkable similarities between both AGN, such as the detection of the walls of an “hourglass” structure for the low-velocity [Fe ii] emission with the high-velocity emission within this hourglass; a molecular outflow - detected for the first time in NGC 4151; and the fragmentation of an expanding molecular bubble into bullets of ionized gas. Such observations suggest that NGC 4151 could represent a less powerful and more compact version of the outflow seen in NGC 1068, suggesting a universal feedback mechanism acting in quite different AGN.

scholarly journals The nuclear architecture of NGC 4151: on the path toward a universal outflow mechanism in light of NGC 1068

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (2) ◽  
pp. 1488-1516
Author(s):  
D May ◽  
J E Steiner ◽  
R B Menezes ◽  
D R A Williams ◽  
J Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nuclear Architecture ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Ngc 4151 ◽  
Molecular Outflow ◽  
Ngc 1068 ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT We report near-infrared integral field spectroscopic observations of the active galactic nucleus NGC 4151 with archive data from the NIFS-Gemini North Telescope. We have selected best-seeing observations (≲0.3 arcsec) that, allied to our methodology of image processing techniques, show structures with spatial resolution comparable to those of the HST. The intricate outflow of NGC 4151 is revisited in light of the results found for NGC 1068, in a previous work, and a very similar dynamic is found: the low-velocity [Fe ii] emission depicts the glowing walls of an hourglass structure, while the high-velocity gas fills its volume. From this finding, we show that the misalignment between the jet and the NLR is not a projection effect, as previously thought. A molecular outflow is detected for the first time in this galaxy and, just like in NGC 1068, the transition between the molecular and the ionized gas phases comes from the fragmentation of molecular cavity walls into bullets of ionized gas exposed to the central source. Furthermore, it is suggestive that the same geometrical dichotomy between the cones seen in NGC 1068 is found here, with one side, where the cavity is disrupted by the AGN, being more extended than the other. Finally, a new spatial correlation between the high-velocity [Fe ii] and the soft X-ray emission of [Ne ix] is found, which is unexpected given the difference between their ionization potentials.

scholarly journals The Molecular Outflow and CO Bullets in HH111

1997 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cernicharo ◽  
R. Neri ◽  
Bo Reipurth
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Kinetic Temperature ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Molecular Outflow ◽  
Hh Objects ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
First Time

We present high angular resolution observations of the molecular outflow associated with the optical jet and HH objects of the HH111 system. Interferometric observations in the CO J =2–1 and J =1–0 lines of the high velocity bullets associated with HH111 are presented for the first time. The molecular gas in these high velocity clumps has a moderate kinetic temperature and a mass of a few 10–4 M⊙ per bullet. We favor the view that HH jets and CO bullets, which represent different manifestations of the same physical phenomena, are driving the low-velocity molecular outflow.

scholarly journals KMOS Clusters and VIRIAL GTO Surveys

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (S309) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
R. Bender ◽  
R. L. Davies ◽  
J. T. Mendel ◽  
J. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Dynamical Mass ◽  
Fundamental Plane ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Stellar Velocity ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Field Unit ◽  
First Time

AbstractWe present the KMOS (K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph) Cluster and VIRIAL (VLT IRIFU Absorption Line) Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) programs. KMOS provides 24 arms each feeding an integral field unit (14×14 spaxels of 0.2″ pixels) for IZ, YJ, H and K band near infrared (NIR) medium resolution spectroscopy (R ∼ 3500). Targets are selected from a 7.2′ diameter patrol field. Ultra-deep spectroscopy of ∼ 80 early-type cluster galaxies (∼ 20hr on source) and ∼ 200 (∼ 10hr on source) early-type field galaxies at 1 < z < 2 will dramatically improve the situation at z > 1 for which measurements of stellar velocity dispersions and absorption indices are limited to a few, often relatively young passively evolving galaxies (e.g. Bezanson 2013). In ESO Periods P92 and P93, 15 nights worth of data has been collected for KMOS-Clusters and 6 nights for VIRIAL: this will be supplemented with more data in upcoming semesters. All galaxies have multiband HST imaging including existing or upcoming WFC3 IR imaging, providing stellar mass maps and sizes. Combined with our dispersion measurements, this will allow us to examine the fundamental plane and the dynamical mass of a large sample of z > 1 galaxies for the first time, for both cluster and field galaxies.

scholarly journals Velocity Offsets Due to Mass Outflows in Active Galaxies

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S267) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
D. M. Crenshaw ◽  
S. B. Kraemer ◽  
H. R. Schmitt ◽  
R. F. Mushotzky ◽  
J. P. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Ngc 4151 ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Mass Outflow ◽  
Ngc 1068 ◽  
Narrow Emission

AbstractWe present a study of the radial velocity offsets between AGN-related narrow emission lines and host-galaxy emission and absorption lines in Seyfert galaxies with observed redshifts less than 0.043. We find that 35% of the Seyferts in the sample show [O iii] emission lines with blueshifts with respect to their host galaxies exceeding 50 km s−1, whereas only 6% show redshifts this large, in qualitative agreement with most previous studies. We also find that a greater percentage of Seyfert 1 galaxies show blueshifts than Seyfert 2 galaxies. Using HST/STIS spatially-resolved spectra of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 and the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we generate geometric models of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and inner galactic disks and show how these models can explain the blueshifted [O iii] emission lines in collapsed STIS spectra of these two Seyferts. We conclude that the combination of mass outflow of ionized gas in the NLR and extinction by dust in the inner disk (primarily in the form of dust spirals) is primarily responsible for the velocity offsets in Seyfert galaxies.

scholarly journals Mid-Infrared Forbidden Lines of NGC 1068, NGC 4151, and NGC 5506

1997 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
M.A. Greenhouse ◽  
T.L. Hayward ◽  
S. Satyapal ◽  
D.H. Wooden ◽  
J.W. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Ngc 4151 ◽  
Faint Object ◽  
Excitation Potential ◽  
Ngc 1068 ◽  
Infrared Array ◽  
Faint Object Spectrograph

We report near-infrared spectroscopy of three Seyfert galaxies. Velocity resolved spectra covering low excitation-potential transitions of [Ar III] 8.991 µm, [S IV] 10.514 µm, and [Ne II] 12.813 µm were obtained using the facility mid-infrared array spectrometer (SpectroCam) of the Palomar Observatory Hale 5-m Telescope, and low-resolution spectra covering [Mg V] 5.608 µm, [Ar II] 6.985 µm, and [Ne VI] 7.642 µm were obtained using the faint-object spectrograph (HIFOGS) of the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO).We find high contrast [Ar III] and [S IV] in each galaxy, and [Ne II] in NGC 1068 and NGC 4151 (12.8 µm data were not obtained on NGC 5506). The line profiles are well resolved. In NGC 1068 and NGC 4151, they are fit by singlecomponent Gaussians. However, in NGC 5506, evidence for a broad pedestal is seen in the [Ar III] and [S IV] spectra, similar to the broad Paβ component reported by Blanco et al. (1990) and Rix et al. (1990).

scholarly journals Line observations of the 30-Dor complex and N159A5 with the MPE imaging NIR spectrometer FAST

1991 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 205-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krabbe ◽  
J. Storey ◽  
V. Rotaciuc ◽  
S. Drapatz ◽  
R. Genzel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
First Time ◽  
Infrared Array

Images with subarcsec spatial resolution in the light of near-infrared atomic (Bry) and molecular hydrogen H2 (S(1) v=1-0) emission lines were obtained for some extended, pointlike objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) for the first time. We used the Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) near-infrared array spectrometer FAST (image scale 0.8”/pix, spectral resolving power 950) at the ESO/MPI 2.2m telescope, La Silla. We present some results on the 30-Dor complex and N159A5.

scholarly journals The effect of stellar multiplicity on protoplanetary discs: a near-infrared survey of the Lupus star-forming region

2020 ◽  
Vol 501 (2) ◽  
pp. 2305-2315
Author(s):  
Alice Zurlo ◽  
Lucas A Cieza ◽  
Megan Ansdell ◽  
Valentin Christiaens ◽  
Sebastián Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Molecular Cloud ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Main Sequence Stars ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Very Large Telescope ◽  
Pms Stars ◽  
First Time ◽  
Infrared Survey

ABSTRACT We present results from a near-infrared (NIR) adaptive optics (AO) survey of pre-main-sequence stars in the Lupus molecular cloud with NACO at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to identify (sub)stellar companions down to ∼20-au separation and investigate the effects of multiplicity on circumstellar disc properties. We observe for the first time in the NIR with AO a total of 47 targets and complement our observations with archival data for another 58 objects previously observed with the same instrument. All 105 targets have millimetre Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) data available, which provide constraints on disc masses and sizes. We identify a total of 13 multiple systems, including 11 doubles and 2 triples. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the most massive (Mdust &gt; 50 M⊕) and largest (Rdust &gt; 70 au) discs are only seen around stars lacking visual companions (with separations of 20–4800 au) and that primaries tend to host more massive discs than secondaries. However, as recently shown in a very similar study of &gt;200 PMS stars in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud, the distributions of disc masses and sizes are similar for single and multiple systems for Mdust &lt; 50 M⊕ and radii Rdust &lt; 70 au. Such discs correspond to ∼80–90 per cent of the sample. This result can be seen in the combined sample of Lupus and Ophiuchus objects, which now includes more than 300 targets with ALMA imaging and NIR AO data, and implies that stellar companions with separations &gt;20 au mostly affect discs in the upper 10${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the disc mass and size distributions.

Ionized AGN outflows are less powerful than assumed: A multi-wavelength census of outflows in type II AGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S356) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
Dalya Baron
Keyword(s):  
Optical Emission ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Kinetic Coupling ◽  
Mass Outflow ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ionization Parameter

AbstractIn this talk I will show that multi-wavelength observations can provide novel constraints on the properties of ionized gas outflows in AGN. I will present evidence that the infrared emission in active galaxies includes a contribution from dust which is mixed with the outflow and is heated by the AGN. We detect this infrared component in thousands of AGN for the first time, and use it to constrain the outflow location. By combining this with optical emission lines, we constrain the mass outflow rates and energetics in a sample of 234 type II AGN, the largest such sample to date. The key ingredient of our new outflow measurements is a novel method to estimate the electron density using the ionization parameter and location of the flow. The inferred electron densities, ∼104.5 cm−3, are two orders of magnitude larger than found in most other cases of ionized outflows. We argue that the discrepancy is due to the fact that the commonly-used [SII]-based method underestimates the true density by a large factor. As a result, the inferred mass outflow rates and kinetic coupling efficiencies are 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than previous estimates, and 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than the typical requirement in hydrodynamic cosmological simulations. These results have significant implications for the relative importance of ionized outflows feedback in this population.

scholarly journals Direct observation of a coil-to-helix contraction triggered by vinculin binding to talin

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. eaaz4707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Tapia-Rojo ◽  
Alvaro Alonso-Caballero ◽  
Julio M. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Magnetic Tweezers ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
First Time

Vinculin binds unfolded talin domains in focal adhesions, which recruits actin filaments to reinforce the mechanical coupling of this organelle. However, it remains unknown how this interaction is regulated and its impact on the force transmission properties of this mechanotransduction pathway. Here, we use magnetic tweezers to measure the interaction between vinculin head and the talin R3 domain under physiological forces. For the first time, we resolve individual binding events as a short contraction of the unfolded talin polypeptide caused by the reformation of the vinculin-binding site helices, which dictates a biphasic mechanism that regulates this interaction. Force favors vinculin binding by unfolding talin and exposing the vinculin-binding sites; however, the coil-to-helix contraction introduces an energy penalty that increases with force, defining an optimal binding regime. This mechanism implies that the talin-vinculin-actin association could operate as a negative feedback mechanism to stabilize force on focal adhesions.

Engineering dithiobenzoic acid lactone-decorated Si-rhodamine as a highly selective near-infrared HOCl fluorescent probe for imaging drug-induced acute nephrotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (73) ◽  
pp. 10916-10919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Wang ◽  
Dan Cheng ◽  
Longmin Zhu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Hong-Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Acid Lactone ◽  
First Time

A NIR fluorescent probe based on Si-rhodamine dithiobenzoic acid lactone was used to selectively visualize HOCl during GEN-induced nephrotoxicity for the first time.

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