Pay scheme preferences and health policy objectives

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Birgit Abelsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Income Risk ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
A Current

AbstractThis paper studies the preferences among healthcare workers towards pay schemes involving different levels of risk. It identifies which pay scheme individuals would prefer for themselves, and which they think is best in furthering health policy objectives. The paper adds, methodologically, a way of defining pay schemes that include different levels of risk. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 1111 dentists. Respondents provided information about their current and preferred pay schemes, and indicated which pay scheme, in their opinion, would best further overall health policy objectives. A total of 504 dentists (45%) returned the questionnaire, and there was no indication of systematic non-response bias. All public dentists had a current pay scheme based on a fixed salary and the majority of individuals preferred a pay scheme with more income risk. Their preferred pay schemes coincided with the ones believed to further stabilise healthcare personnel. The predominant current pay scheme among private dentists was based solely on individual output, and the majority of respondents preferred this pay scheme. In addition, their preferred pay schemes coincided with the ones believed to further efficiency objectives. Both public and private dentists believed that pay schemes, furthering efficiency objectives, had to include more performance-related pay than the ones believed to further stability and quality objectives.

A Critical Analysis of Selected Public and Private Mutual Fund Schemes in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Murali Krishna ◽  
Dr T. Hima Bindu ◽  
Dr. Ravikumar Gunakala
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Portfolio Diversification ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Different Levels

Mutual Fund Industry is one of the emerged dominant financial intermediaries in Indian Capital Market. The main objective of investing in a mutual fund is to diversify risk. Though the mutual fund invests in diversified portfolio, the fund managers take different levels of risk in order to achieve the schemes objectives. Mutual funds allow portfolio diversification and relative risk management through collection of funds from the savers/investors, the same investing in equity and debt stocks. This type of invested funds is managed by professional experts called as fund managers Funds are categorized as income should fixed base in India are a kind of mutual fund which makes investment in debt securities that have been issued to the corporate, banking institutions and to government in general

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Ig G among Healthcare Workers and the General Population

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Gregorio P. Milani ◽  
Mario G. Bianchetti ◽  
Giuseppe Togni ◽  
Andreas W. Schoenenberger ◽  
Franco Muggli
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Ig G

It is assumed that healthcare workers are at the highest risk to be infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, few data from healthcare workers who do not primarily take care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection support this assumption. We investigated the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (Ig G) against SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers who do not primarily take care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the general population in a well-defined geographical area. The first part of the study was conducted in May 2020 in Val Mesolcina (Southern Switzerland), a valley with ~8000 inhabitants. All healthcare workers were invited. All participants (n = 488) of the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study (SWICOS), a cohort representative of the general population, were also invited. Circulating Ig G against spike protein subunit 1 of SARS-CoV-2 were tested in each subject. Subjects with positive Ig G were tested again after 6 months. The condition of being a healthcare worker, rather than a part of the general population, was tested as a predictor of seroprevalence positivity by both simple and multiple (adjusted for age and sex) logistic regression. Eleven (2.6%) of the 423 SWICOS participants and 46 (16%) out of 289 healthcare workers were positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The seroprevalence OR was 7.01 (95% CI: 3.53–15.47) for healthcare workers as compared to SWICOS participants. After adjusting for age and gender, the seroprevalence OR was 5.13 (95% CI: 2.54–10.40). About three quarters of the subjects in the SWICOS (73%) and in healthcare (79%) group with a previous positive serology still presented positive Ig G against the SARS-CoV-2 after 6 months. The present seroprevalence data point out that the SARS-CoV-2 infection is seven times higher among healthcare workers than in the general population of Val Mesolcina. Efforts to effectively protect all the healthcare personnel are needed.

scholarly journals Investigations, actions and learning from an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
pp. 175717742097679
Author(s):  
Kordo Saeed ◽  
Emanuela Pelosi ◽  
Nitin Mahobia ◽  
Nicola White ◽  
Christopher Labdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Current Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
A Current

Background: We report an outbreak of SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers (HCW) in an NHS elective healthcare facility. Methodology: A narrative chronological account of events after declaring an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs. As part of the investigations, HCWs were offered testing during the outbreak. These were: (1) screening by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) to detect a current infection; and (2) serum samples to determine seroprevalence. Results: Over 180 HCWs were tested by real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The rate of infection was 15.2% (23.7% for clinical or directly patient-facing HCWs vs. 4.8% in non-clinical non-patient-facing HCWs). Of the infected HCWs, 57% were asymptomatic. Seroprevalence (SARS-CoV-2 IgG) among HCWs was 13%. It was challenging to establish an exact source for the outbreak. The importance of education, training, social distancing and infection prevention practices were emphasised. Additionally, avoidance of unnecessary transfer of patients and minimising cross-site working for staff and early escalation were highlighted. Establishing mass and regular screening for HCWs are also crucial to enabling the best care for patients while maintaining the wellbeing of staff. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first UK outbreak report among HCWs and we hope to have highlighted some key issues and learnings that can be considered by other NHS staff and HCWs globally when dealing with such a task in future.

scholarly journals FRI0431 PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS ACCORDING TO THE SITE: UNIFOCAL VERSUS MULTIFOCAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 814.3-814
Author(s):  
A. Ben Tekaya ◽  
L. Ben Ammar ◽  
M. Ben Hammamia ◽  
O. Saidane ◽  
S. Bouden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Problem ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infectious Spondylodiscitis ◽  
Vertebral Biopsy ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
A Current

Background:Infectious spondylodiscitis is a therapeutic emergency and is a current problem. It can affect the different levels of the spine. Multifocal forms, touching several floors, however remain rare.Objectives:To compare the clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic aspects of unifocal versus multifocal spondylodiscitis.Methods:This is a retrospective study of 113 patients admitted to our service over a period of 20 years [1998-2018]. The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis was made on the basis of clinical, biological, radiological and bacteriological data. We have divided our population into two groups: unifocal and multifocal spondylodiscitis.Results:Spondylodiscitis was more frequently unifocal (75.2%) than multifocal (24.8%). The average age of the patients was 55.8 years. There were 62 men and 51 women. There was no difference in age and sex between the two groups (p=0.5 and p=0.8, respectively).Diabetes was more frequent in the group of multifocal spondylodiscitis but with no statistically significant difference (p=0.4). No statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the start mode (p=0.7), the schedule (p=0.3), the presence of neurological signs (p=0.7), fever (p = 0.2), impaired general condition (p=0.6) and biological inflammatory syndrome (p=0.6).Cervical and dorsal spine involvement was more common in multifocal spondylodiscitis (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01; respectively). There were 11 spondylodiscitis involving 2 floors (cervical and dorsal: 2 cases, cervical and lumbar: 3 cases, dorsal and lumbar: 6 cases) and 3 spondylodiscitis involving 3 floors.Radiologically, the presence of vertebral fracture and involvement of the posterior arch was more frequent during the multifocal form (p=0.03 and p=0.001; respectively). The frequency of para-vertebral abscesses, epiduritis and the presence of spinal cord compression were similar in the two groups (p=0.6; p=0.7 and p=0.2, respectively).Tuberculosis was more frequent during the multifocal form (p = 0.05) and brucellosis during the unifocal form (p = 0.03). Disco-vertebral biopsy was performed in 79 cases. It was more often contributory during multifocal spondylodiscitis (p = 0.03).The occurrence of immediate complications was more frequent in multifocal spondylodiscitis but with no statistically significant difference (p=0.2).Conclusion:Multifocal sppondylodiscitis is seen mainly in immunocompromised subjects. Our study found that diabetes is the most common factor in immunosuppression. Note also the predominance of involvement of the posterior elements, tuberculous origin and immediate complications.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Quality of Life of Healthcare Workers Suffering from Occupational Contact Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Omrane ◽  
Asma Khedher ◽  
Chayma Harrathi ◽  
Maher Maoua ◽  
Taoufik Khalfallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Contact Dermatitis

Background: Healthcare workers are at a high risk of developing Occupational Dermatitis (OD). Affected workers often experience severe impairment of their Quality of Life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the skin-related QoL of healthcare workers with OD and to explore its related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional and exhaustive study was conducted among healthcare personnel of four public hospitals in the central region of Tunisia. All the cases of OD declared were included. Skin-related QoL was assessed using the validated Tunisian version of the “Dermatology Life Quality Index” (DLQI). Some related patents were discussed. Results: A total of 37 cases of OD were collected with an annual incidence of 4.2 cases per 10000 workers. The population was predominantly female (73%) and mean aged 44.7±9.4 years. Nurses were the most represented occupational category (38%). Allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis (96%). Use of gloves was the most frequently reported occupational hazard (86%). The most frequently affected sites were hands (97%). The median score of DLQI was five. Multivariate analysis showed an association between the impairment of skin-related QoL and female gender (p = 0.04; OR = 19.3,84), exposure to disinfecting chemicals in the workplace (p = 0.01; OR = 17,306) and the absence of occupational reclassification (p = 0.01; OR = 21,567). Conclusion: About one third of the population had an impaired quality of life. The score impairment was significantly related to female gender, exposure to disinfecting chemicals and the absence of occupational reclassification.

scholarly journals Attitudes of the general population to psychiatric and physical illness

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Clinical Vignette ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Negative Attitudes

Aims and methodThe attitudes of members of the general population to people with psychiatric and physical illnesses were examined. We took a random sample of 280 members of the general population listed in the phone directory and sent them a brief clinical vignette about a neighbour with either schizophrenia, depression, diabetes or no illness.ResultsOnly 103 (41%) of the surveyed general population responded. Some unsolicited comments revealed negative attitudes from a small number of subjects. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in general attitudes to sufferers of psychiatric and physical illnesses suggestive of discrimination against the former. Indeed, respondents showed a general tendency to be more supportive of a neighbour with any illness than to those without. In a sub-analysis, however, those who knew someone with schizophrenia were significantly less likely to be sympathetic towards them.Clinical implicationsWe have not detected any general stigmatisation of those with psychiatric disorders, but our results may be attributable to response bias. Discrimination against those with psychiatric disorder may be limited to a relatively small sector of society or may only be manifest in relatively close relationships.

scholarly journals Knowledge and preventive practices regarding Hepatitis B among nurses in some selected hospitals of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mehriban ◽  
GU Ahsan ◽  
Tajul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Staff Nurse ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals

Hepatitis B is the most important infectious occupational hazard which the healthcare workers (HCWs) encounter. Healthcare personnel specially nursing staff represents a high risk population for HBV infection. The objective of the study was to assess the level of preventive practices regarding Hepatitis B among nurses and the factors associated with preventive practices. The study was conducted among 300 nurses both from public and private hospitals using a pretested structured questionnaire adopting a purposive sampling technique. The mean age of the respondents was 29.7±5.8 and majority of them (83.7%) were holding Diploma degrees with (83.3%) designated as staff nurse. About 59.7% were married and 94.3% were females. One third of the respondents (34.3%) were from public institution and 65.7% from private institution. It was revealed from the study that (67.3%) of the respondents had adequate level of knowledge on Hepatitis B but only half of them (49.3%) had good level of preventive practices. Bivariate analysis showed association between institution, income, age, religion, knowledge and level of preventive practice (P<0.05). In conclusion it can be said that compared to knowledge of the respondents on Hepatitis B, their preventive practices were low. Appropriate educational and health promotion programs should be implemented to increase the level of preventive practices on Hepatitis B among the nurses.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i1.21840 South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(1) 2014: 48-52

scholarly journals Epidemiological model of COVID-19 in healthcare workers: occupational vs. environmental disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Mihaela Stoia
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Epidemiological Model ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Nursing Assistant ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Infection Age

Abstract This study aims to estimate the occupational etiology of COVID-19 in the healthcare sector and obtain a risk matrix for the burden of disease across occupations and specific activities. The study population included 4515 cases and 133077 controls. We have used an epidemiological model that included data collected over one year from employed persons with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, age group 20-64, and residing in Sibiu County. We measured the incidence rate (IR), relative risk (RR), and risk of COVID-19 attributable to the occupational exposure (AR), respectively, statistical analysis based on frequency distribution and the portion of cases to compute the risk levels in social- and healthcare workers. According to this model, approximately 70.5% of COVID-19 risk could be attributable to occupational exposure. The workplace is a strong predictor of infection risk (RR 3.4), particularly in residential long-term care facilities, hospitals, and ambulance services. The highest-risk job functions are nurse, nursing assistant, ambulance worker, and dentist. In conclusion, we believe in having demonstrated that epidemiological modeling may be helpful for risk management and notification of COVID-19 as an occupational disease in frontline staff and essential healthcare personnel.

scholarly journals A comparative characterization of nasal and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from west of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Goudarzi ◽  
Yaser Hasanvand ◽  
Faranak Rezaei ◽  
Somayeh Delfani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Objectives: Recently, the rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from hos- pital healthcare workers (HCWs) and various infectious samples has become one of the main concerns in hospital settings. Therefore, epidemiological studies are necessary to monitor antibiotic resistance patterns in each region and to study the pathogenesis of this strain to control infections. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 S. aureus isolates, including 50 isolates obtained from the anterior nares of healthcare workers, as well as 50 other isolates cultured from the various clinical specimens from the referral hospitals in Khorramabad (West of Iran) were tested. All isolates were examined to determine antibiotic resistance pattern, and the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (sea), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) and mecA genes. Results: The mecA gene was found among 36% (18/50) of the clinical S. aureus isolates (CSIs) and 14% (7/50) of nasal S. aureus isolates (NSIs), with statistically significant difference (X2 = 6.53; p = 0.011). The difference between the frequency rate of sea gene among MRSA strains isolated from clinical specimens (46.6%, 7/15) was significant compared to strains isolated from nostrils (14.3%, 1/7) (X2 = 3.85; p = 0.049). Conclusion: The frequency of mecA, sea, and seb genes among the clinical samples was more than strains isolated from the nostrils of healthcare personnel.

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