Cumulative protein intake of pig genotypes, selected for high or low lean growth, when fed diets differing in protein content

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
N.D. Cameron ◽  
C.C. McCorquodale ◽  
S. Welham ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Large White ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Seven Generations ◽  
Protein Diets

Testing several genotypes on one diet may impose nutritional constraints on growth for particular genotypes. In the study, three genotypes were tested on four isoenergetic dietary regimes to determine if a genotype with diet interaction existed for the pattern of cumulative protein intake and total protein intake.There were 150 Large White pigs from the lean, control and fat lines, with divergent selection for lean growth rate over seven generations. In each line, there were 10 full-sib groups and within each full-sib group, one pig was allocated to each of the high (H : 220 g crude protein (CP)/kg) or low (L : 120 g CP/kg) protein diets, a standard test diet (S : 195 g CP/kg) and the two remaining pigs were tested using the diet-choice procedure (DC), using the H and L diets. Pigs were performance tested from 30 to 85 kg, with individual penning.

Selection for improved lean growth in Large White pigs can affect levels of total white blood cell counts, CD11R1+ leukocytes and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
M. Clapperton ◽  
S. C. Bishop ◽  
N. D. Cameron ◽  
E. J. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Large White ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Immune Traits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact

Productivity in pigs can be improved by continued selection, however the impact of such selection on immune responses and resistance towards infectious challenges is not known. A risk is that this method may lead to a correlated reduction in the immune response and disease resistance. To estimate the effect of selection for performance traits upon immune responses, we compared levels of immune traits between divergent lines of Large White pigs selected for either lean growth under restricted feeding or feed intake.

Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
D. M. Curic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

ABSTRACT1. Eight diets of similar energy content, ranging in crude protein concentration from 95 to 256 g/kg, were given at either 2·5 or 3·2 times the energy level for maintenance to entire male pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg live weight.2. Growth rate improved with increase in feeding level and with increasing dietary crude protein up to 164 g/kg (P < 0·05). The food conversion ratio improved with each increase in dietary CP up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05). It was also improved with increase in level of feeding of the lower-protein diets but deteriorated with increase in level of intake of the higher-protein diets (P < 005).3. Rate of protein deposition improved with increasing dietary crude protein up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 005). The results showed that, for pigs given diets deficient in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was linearly related to protein intake (P < 0·001) but independent of energy intake. For pigs given a diet adequate in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was related to energy intake and independent of crude protein intake.4. Body fat content at 90 kg decreased with increasing dietary crude protein up to 210 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05), and was increased by raising the level of intake of the higher-crude protein diets (P < 0·05). However, the influence of feeding level on body fat diminished as dietary crude protein was reduced.

Responses in gilt post-farrowing traits and pre-weaning piglet growth to divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth rate

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
J. C. Kerr ◽  
N. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Piglet Growth

Responses in sow traits at farrowing and during lactation and in pre-weaning piglet growth rate were determined in a population of Large White pigs, after seven generations of divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth rate. Information on the factors influencing preweaning piglet growth rate is required for a comprehensive evaluation of alternative selection strategies.There were four selection groups: daily food intake (DFI), lean food conversion (LFC), lean growth rate (LGA) on ad-libitum feeding and lean growth rate on scale feeding (LGS). There were 242 gilts in the study, with 20 gilts in the high, low and control lines of each selection group. Pigs in the ad-libitum selection groups were performance tested over a fixed weight range of 30 to 85 kg. Pigs fed on scale feeding were performance tested for a fixed time period of 84 days from 30 kg with food intake equal to 0.75 g/g of daily ad-libitum food intake. Matings were unsupervised and took place in outside paddocks.

Genetic and phenotypic relationships between performance test and reproduction traits in pigs selected for components of efficient lean growth rate

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
J. C. Kerr ◽  
N. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Large White ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection For

Genetic and phenotypic relationships between performance test and reproduction traits were estimated in a population of Large White pigs, after five generations of divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth rate. The parameters are required to evaluate alternative selection strategies in pig breeding programmes.

Meat quality of Large White pig genotypes selected for components of efficient lean growth rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Cameron ◽  
G. R. Nute ◽  
S. N. Brown-a2 ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For

AbstractResponses in carcass composition and meat quality after seven generations of selection for components of lean growth rate were examined in a population of Large White pigs. There were four selection groups in the study, with divergent selection for lean growth rate on ad libitum (LGA) or restricted (LGS) feeding regimes, lean food conversion ratio (LFC) and daily food intake (DFI). In generations six and seven, two offspring from each of 10 sires, within each selection line, were to be allocated for half-carcass dissection and measurement of meat quality. There were 320 animals in the study, with 40 animals from each of the high and low selection lines and, within each selection line, two offspring per sire.Responses in carcass composition were similar in the three selection groups given food ad libitum, but rates of lean and fat growth rate differed between selection lines. Intramuscular fat content was reduced with selection for high LGA and high LFC but was increased with selection for low DFI (-1·7 and -3·2 v. 2·7 (s.e.d. 0·7) mg/g), which was unexpected given the higher carcass fat content of the low DFI line, relative to the high line (249 v. 190 (s.e.d. 7) g/kg). Muscle colour was darker, as measured by trained sensory panel assessment, in selection lines which reduced the rate of fat deposition to achieve a leaner carcass (high LFC and low DFI) but there was no response in muscle colour with selection for LGA (0·4 and 0·3 v. 0·0 (s.e.d. 0·1)). Responses in muscle shear force (5·3 v. 4·4 (s.e.d. 0·4) kg) and flavour liking (4·0 v. 4·3 (s.e.d. 0·12)) were limited to the LGA and LFC selection groups, respectively. There were no significant responses in muscle moisture content, muscle pH or myofibrillar fragmentation index, nor were there any responses in meat quality with selection on LGS. Therefore, decreasing the rate of fat deposition was associated with darker meat and increasing the rate of lean growth was associated with higher shear force. There were selection strategy specific responses in the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat, which may have contributed to the responses in eating quality.In general, responses in meat quality were small, such that incorporation of meat quality traits in selection objectives, which are primarily focused on increasing the efficiency of lean meat production, may not be necessary. However, it would be pertinent to evaluate periodically genotypes of breeding companies for muscle quality traits.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary protein content on the chemico-physical profile of dry-cured hams produced by pigs of two breeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carcò ◽  
Stefano Schiavon ◽  
Ernestina Casiraghi ◽  
Silvia Grassi ◽  
Enrico Sturaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Textural Quality ◽  
Physical Profile ◽  
Protein Reduction

AbstractThe use of low-protein (LP) feeds is a good strategy to reduce the environmental release of N compounds, but their influence on the quality of the products must be considered. This study explored the influence of LP diet and two pig breeds (BR) with different lean growth ability on the quality traits of dry-cured hams. We analysed 40 left dry-cured hams from pigs of two BR [Duroc-Danbred crosses (Danbred) and Duroc × Large White crosses (Anas)] fed either conventional (147 to 132 g/kg, crude protein) or LP diet. The LP had a crude protein content reduced by 20% with respect to the conventional. The differences in ham quality resulting from protein reduction were small, with a decrease of the protein and an increase of the lipid content of the ham slice in Anas, but not in Danbred (BR × Diet interaction; P = 0.043). Therefore, the use of LP would be feasible and sustainable, without detrimental effects on products. It was found the pig genotypes with different potentials for lean growth may affect the initial ham weight, fat cover and seasoning losses of hams, but they appear to affect little other chemical, physical and textural quality traits of the dry-cured hams.

Phytocorrection of biochemical status and productivity when fattening barrows on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
A. G. Solovieva ◽  
K. T. Erimbetov ◽  
O. V. Obvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of the plant ecdysteroid-containing preparation of Leuzea extract on the metabolism and productivity of barrows (three-breed crossbreeds Landrace × large white × Duroc) during fattening on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids from 130 to 212 days old was studied for the first time. In the control and experimental groups, a low-protein barley-wheat diet with the addition of essential amino acids contained (g / kg) crude protein - 108 g, metabolic energy - 12.5 MJ, lysine - 7.6 g, threonine - 5.4 g, methionine - 5.2 g. In the experimental group, liquid extract of leuzea was introduced into the feed, at the rate of 190 mg / kg. Feeding the barrows during the fattening period of the leuzea extract contributed to an increase in the efficiency of the use of nutrients in biosynthetic processes in animals. In the barrows of the experimental group, the concentrations of total protein (P≤0.05), albumin (P≤0.05), creatinine (P≤0.05), lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase activity at a lower level were statistically significantly higher urea (16.1%, P≤0.05) and glucose (P≤0.05). In the experimental group, during the period of fattening, the average daily gain in live weight was higher (by 10.2%, P≤0.05), the yield in the carcass of muscle tissue (P≤0.05), the indices of lean and meatiness, and lower the cost of feed (P≤ 0.05), crude protein (P≤0.05) and exchange energy (P≤0.05) per 1 kg of gain in live weight, output of subcutaneous adipose tissue and internal fat in comparison with the control. It was concluded that the use of a leuzea extract containing phytoecdysteroids, while feeding low-protein diets enriched with lysine, methionine and threonine, corrects metabolic processes, stimulating the biosynthesis of meat components, and thereby contributes to an increase in the productivity of barrows during fattening.

Carcass composition in pigs selected for components of efficient lean growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
E.A. Bruce ◽  
N. D. Cameron ◽  
M.K. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Selection For

This study determined the correlated responses in carcass composition after four generations of divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth rate in Large White (LW) and Landrace (LR) pigs.

Responses in gilt post-farrowing traits and pre-weaning piglet growth to divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth rate

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kerr ◽  
N. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Piglet Growth

AbstractResponses in gilt live weight, backfat depth and food intake during lactation and in pre-weaning piglet growth rate were examined after seven generations of divergent selection for daily food intake (DFI), lean food conversion (LFC) or lean growth rate (LGA) on ad-libitum feeding or lean growth on restricted feeding (LGS). There were 252 Large White gilts in the study. Selection for low DFI resulted in gilts with less backfat (25·7 v. 30·7 (s.e.d. 2·21) mm) at farrowing and a substantially lowerfood intake (129 v. 146 (s.e.d. 5) kg) during lactation, but similar reductions in live weight (42 (s.e.d. 6) kg) and backfat depth (8·4 (s.e.d. 1·7) mm) than with selection for high DFI. Therefore, the lower piglet growth (167 v. 295 (s.e.d. 11) g/day) with selection for low DFI compared with selection for high DFI was primarily due to lower food intake of the gilts, as energy for milk production from food was reduced. In contrast, selection for high LFC resulted in relatively smaller changes in live weight (37 v. 48 (s.e.d. 5) kg) and backfat depth (7·6 v. 8·9 (s.e.d. 1·3) mm) than selection for low LFC, which combined with a lower food intake (132 v. 148 (s.e.d. 4) kg) during lactation, resulted in lower piglet growth (181 v. 200 (s.e.d. 11) g/day). The higher food intake of high LGA gilts (137 v. 121 (s.e.d. 4) kg) compensated for the relatively lower reductions in live weight (41 v. 46 (s.e.d. 5) kg) and backfat depth (5·5 v. 6·7 (s.e.d. 1·3) mm) during lactation compared with the low LGA line, such that piglet growth was similar (195 v. 289 (s.e.d. 11) g/day) in the two selection lines. In the high and low LGS selection lines, piglet growth was similar (195 v. 186 (s.e.d. 11) g/day) as was gilt food intake (125 v. 227 (s.e.d. 5) kg) and the changes in live weight (39 v. 41 (s.e.d. 6) kg) and backfat depth (8·1 v. 7·7 (s.e.d. 2·2) mm) during lactation. An examination of the daily energy used in litter gain and the energy available from gilt food intake and mobilization of body lipid indicated that one equation to predict the amount of body lipid mobilized during lactation was not appropriate for different genotypes. Responses in gilt food intake and the changes in live weight and backfat during lactation were selection strategy dependent. However, in general, the selection strategies which reduced gilt voluntary food intake during lactation or resulted in lower live weight and backfat depth at farrowing were detrimental to piglet growth rate.

Selection for lean growth and food intake leads to correlated changes in innate immune traits in Large White pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clapperton ◽  
S.C. Bishop ◽  
E.J. Glass
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
High Line ◽  
Immune Traits ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For

Genetic selection is well established as a means of improving productivity in pigs, but the effects of continued selection for increased performance on immunity are not well understood, nor are genetic relationships between performance and immunity. This study compared differences in the levels of a range of immune traits between lines of Large White pigs divergently selected for a number of productivity traits. Selection lines compared were highv. low lean growth under restricted feeding (31 high linev. 10 controlv. 38 low line pigs), high v. low lean growth underad libitumfeeding (18 high line v. 10 controlv. 19 low line pigs), and highv. low food intake (24 high linev. 26 low line pigs). Immune traits measured were total white blood cell numbers (WBC), and the numbers of leukocyte subsets: neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, CD4+cells, CD8α+cells, B cells, γδ T cells and CD11R1+Natural killer (NK) cells. CD4+, γδ T cells and CD11R1+cells were subdivided into subpopulations that were positive or negative for the CD8α marker, and conventional CD8αhigh+cytotoxic T cells were also determined. Pigs were tested underad libitumfeeding conditions from 14 to 24 weeks, and immune traits were assessed at ages 18 and 24 weeks. Line differences were estimated using residual maximum likelihood techniques. Consistent differences in immune trait levels were evident between pigs previously selected for high and low lean growth under restricted feeding: at age 24 weeks, high line pigs had higher basal levels of WBC (39·6v. 27·8×106cells per ml, s.e.d. 2·09, for highv. low line pigs) mainly explained by higher levels of lymphocytes (25·5v. 17·3×106cells per ml, s.e.d. 1·54, for highv. low line pigs) with increased numbers of CD8α+cells (8·19v. 5·15×106cells per ml, s.e.d. 0·14) and CD11R1+cells (5·23v. 2·46×106cells per ml, s.e.d. 0·43), predominantly the CD11R1+CD8α?subpopulation ((3·20v. 1·64×106cells per ml, s.e.d. 0·11). High line pigs also had increased numbers of monocytes (2·64v. 1·83×106cells per ml, s.e.d. 0·35). Similar results were obtained at age 18 weeks. There were no consistent differences between divergent lines in pigs selected for lean growth underad libitumfeeding or food intake. This is the first report to demonstrate that selection for some aspects of performance can influence WBC and leukocyte subset numbers in pigs.

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