Intake of lactating and dry dual-purpose cows grazing two species of Brachiaria pastures in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
N. Joaquin ◽  
M. Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Brachiaria Pastures ◽  
Feeding Systems

Brachiaria spp. pastures, specially B. decumbens, cover an area of 400 thousand ha in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. They comprise the basal diet for ruminants in dual-purpose and small-holder dairy systems of the region (Herrero et al. 1999). Therefore, an important portion of the animal production is conditioned by the amount and quality of these pastures and their intake. Knowledge of pasture intake is crucial for formulating bio-economically feasible feeding systems for ruminants. The objective of this work was to measure intake of Brachiaria spp pastures using alkanes as markers and to quantify pasture intake differences between dry and lactating cows.

scholarly journals Rendimiento de leche derivado de energía y proteína de vacas en pastoreo recibiendo suplementos en un sistema agrosilvopastoril

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Sherezada Esparza-Jiménez ◽  
Benito Albarran Portillo ◽  
Manuel González-Ronquillo ◽  
Anastacio García-Martínez ◽  
José Fernando Vázquez-Armijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Agrosilvopastoral Systems ◽  
Agrosilvopastoral System ◽  
Milk Urea

Dual purpose farms southwest of the State of Mexico produce milk and calves under subtropical agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS). During the dry season, farmers supplement their cattle due to the low availability and quality of grasses, without considering, besides grasses, the contribution of woody species to dry matter intake, metabolizable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) requirements of cows. The aim of this study was to determine milk produced from forage energy (MFe) and protein (MFp) of grazing cow with three types of supplement. First supplement consisted of cracked maize and commercial concentrate resulting on 14 % of CP (S14).  To the S14 mixture 7 % of soybean meal was added to increase CP to 16 % (S16), and commercial concentrate of 16 % CP was used as a third supplement (SC16). Six lactating cows were allocated in a 3x3 replicated Latin Square (three cows per square), three experimental periods (EP) (three weeks per EP). There were no significant effects of supplements (P=0.80) on performance variables. Mean milk yield was 6.8 kg/cow/d. Milk from forage energy and protein were 0.8 and 6.1 kg/cow/day, respectively. Mean milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was high regardless of supplement; but nitrogen in urine (44.1 mg/dL) and feces (1.4 mg/g) were higher for SC16 (P=0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Cows obtained 90 and 10 % of their CP and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and production from the agrosilvopastoral system.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF COMBINING ALFALFA CUBES WITH CORN SILAGE FED TO LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Changeover Period ◽  
Feeding Systems

Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which was higher, 20.2 vs. 17.2 mg %, for the alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility for the total ration were 68.1 and 71.6% when corn alfalfa cube silage was fed compared to 65.4 and 68.5% when the cubes were fed with the corn silage (P < 0.05). It was concluded from this study that alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage was an effective method of increasing the dry matter and protein content of corn silage and in improving the digestibility of the total ration.

scholarly journals Dietary hybrid phytase and carbohydrases on nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bavaresco ◽  
Everton Luis Krabbe ◽  
Diego Surek ◽  
Edenilse Gopinger ◽  
Fernando Nicolas Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Poultry Diets

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of hybrid phytase, alone or combined with carbohydrases, in poultry diets with nutritional reductions of calcium, available phosphorus, and metabolizable energy on the nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens. A total of 1,875 broilers were distributed in five treatments in a completely randomized design, with 15 replicates of 25 chickens each. The treatments consisted of a positive control feed (T1) and of four negative controls (T2 to T5): T1, basal diet (BD) with corn and soybean; T2 and T3, BDs with reductions of 70 and 100 kcal kg-1 metabolizable energy, respectively, and both with reductions of 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P; and T4 and T5, BDs with the same nutritional reductions, but supplemented with enzymes, i.e., T4 = T2 + 500 phytase units (FTU) per kilogram and T5 = T3 + 500 FTU kg-1 + 560 xylanase units (TXU) per kilogram + 250 glucanase units (TGU) per kilogram. The use of 500 FTU kg-1 hybrid phytase in pelleted corn-soybean meal diets allows a good digestive performance by broilers and replaces the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy at 70 kcal kg-1, as well as 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P.

Effect of Different Cereal:Forage Ratio and Protein Degradability on The Performance and Blood Metabolites of Iranian Sangsarri Lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
G.H. Ieeragian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Degradable Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

The effects of carbohydrate-rich supplements on animal production are dependent on the type and proportion of supplement to basal diet (Obara et al., 1991). This supplementation should optimise the effective rumen degradable protein and fermentable metabolisable energy supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein to balance animal requirement (AFRC, 1992). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the feeding increased amount of ruminal available carbohydrate (RAC) in different ruminal protein degradability (PD) on Iranian Sangsarri lamb performance and blood metabolites.

Forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from dual-purpose cowpea cultivars for dry season, livestock and feeding in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-496
Author(s):  
N.J. Anyanwu ◽  
O.S. Onifade ◽  
J.A. Olanite ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
B.O. Boukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Humid Forest Zone ◽  
Nutritive Quality

The availability of high quality forage, especially during the dry season remains a major challenge to ruminant livestock production in Nigeria and many parts of West Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and nutritive quality of haulm from selected dual purpose cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars in the humid rain forest zone of Nigeria. The forage and pod yields of twenty cultivars were evaluated at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Subsequently, five dual-purpose cultivars, namely IT04K-334-2, IT07K-293-3, IT04K-194-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, were selected based on forage and pod yields from previous trial, for determination of chemical and fibre compositions. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in pod and forage yields among the twenty cowpea cultivars, with yields ranging from 0-1.5 t ha-1 and 0.1-4.5 t ha-1 for pod and forage, respectively. Cultivars IT07K-293-3, IT04K-405-5, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-194-3, IT04K-334-2, IT04K-267-8 and IT04K-339-1 recorded the highest fodder yields of at least 2715 t ha-1, with crude protein contents ranging from 10.49% in IT07K-194-3 to 13 .57 % in IT04K-405-5. Cultivars IT07K-194-3, IT07K-293-3, IT07K-220-1-9, IT06K-147-2, IT07K-187-55IT04K-332-1 recorded the highest pod yields (>700 t ha-1). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in crude protein, ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) contents among five cultivars selected from the top ten high yielding cultivars, based on mean ranking score. These selected cultivars are recommended as dual-purpose cowpea for the humid forest zone.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Improvement of gut morphology and meat quality of broiler chickens by encapsulated citral and cinnamaldehyde

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Chongwu Yang ◽  
Janghan Choi ◽  
Marion Mogire ◽  
Argenis Rodas-González ◽  
Moussa S Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Gut Morphology

Abstract This study investigated the effects of encapsulated citral (CIT) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and meat quality in broilers. A total of 320 0-day-age male broilers (Cobb 500) were allocated 32 pens with 8 pens per treatment. The treatments included: 1) Corn-wheat-SBM basal diet (negative control); 2) basal diet with 30 ppm avilamycin premix (positive control); 3) basal diet with 50 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCL); 4) basal diet with 100 ppm encapsulated CIT and CIN (CCH). There were no significant differences between treatments in growth performance (P &gt; 0.05) at each feeding stage. Additionally, birds had similar relative organ weights of heart, liver, spleen and bursa (P &gt; 0.05). The higher ratios of villus height to crypt depth (VCR; P ≤ 0.05) were detected in broilers fed either CCL or CCH, with an average being 14.67 and 15.13 in the duodenum, and 15.13 and 13.58 in the jejunum, respectively. Regarding meat quality, a higher pH value (pH = 6.21) in the breast was observed in 24-h post mortem chickens fed CCL (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences of pH were detected in the breast in 96-h post mortem birds. The breast color (redness, yellowness, and lightness) in either 24-h or 96-h post mortem chickens was not significantly different among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). No change in purge loss (%) was observed in the breast after 48 h. The severity of white striping (WS) or woody meat (WB) was higher in the positive control (WS = 0.58; WB = 0.15) than in other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, dietary treatment with encapsulated CIT and CIN improved gut morphology and meat quality of broilers by increasing VCR in the small intestine and reducing the severity of WS/WB in the breast, respectively, without affecting growth performance.

SULFUR METABOLISM AND NUTRITIONAL CHANGES IN LACTATING COWS ASSOCIATED WITH SUPPLEMENTAL SULFATE AND METHIONINE HYDROXY ANALOG

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BOUCHARD ◽  
H. R. CONRAD
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Sulfur Balance

A split-plot 4 × 4 latin square experiment using four Holstein cows was designed to determine the effects of adding either the calcium salt of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butyric acid, or a mixture of potassium and magnesium sulfates, or a combination of both sulfur supplements, to a basal diet containing corn silage and grain concentrate mixture. Methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) was consumed at the level of approximately 25 g per day. Sulfates were added to the concentrate in amounts sufficient to elevate the sulfur concentration of the total diet to 0.20%. The addition of 25 g of MHA to the basal diet did not affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk production, sulfur balance, and nitrogen balance. When compared to the basal diet, the addition of sulfates increased the DM digestibility from 67.0 to 69.4%, the sulfur retention from 1.0 to 5.4 g per day, and the apparent sulfur digestibility from 47.7 to 66.6%. The substitution of 4 g of sulfur per day from sulfates with an equivalent amount of sulfur from MHA decreased DM intake from 19.4 to 17.6 kg per day, but increased fat level in milk from 3.4 to 3.7%. Fat corrected milk yield was the same for all treatments. In a comparative study involving 40 lactating cows and 121 balance trials, DM digestibility became maximal at about 0.15% sulfur in the total diet when sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate were used as supplements, and about 0.18% sulfur when MHA was used. Raising the sulfur concentration from 0.05 to 0.12% in the total diet brought lactating cows into slightly positive sulfur balance when they were depositing 4–9 g per day of sulfur in the milk. It was concluded that supplemental inorganic sulfur from sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium sulfates sustained optimum utilization of sulfur when fed in the diet at 0.20% sulfur (53 mg per kg body weight per day) to cows producing as much as 35 kg of milk per day. Higher concentrations of sulfur intake did not have any effect on nitrogen, sulfur and DM digestibility, but concentrations of 0.35% sulfur and above in the ration (70–90 mg per kg body weight per day) were associated with diminished DM intakes.

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