Rendimiento de leche derivado de energía y proteína de vacas en pastoreo recibiendo suplementos en un sistema agrosilvopastoril

Dual purpose farms southwest of the State of Mexico produce milk and calves under subtropical agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS). During the dry season, farmers supplement their cattle due to the low availability and quality of grasses, without considering, besides grasses, the contribution of woody species to dry matter intake, metabolizable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) requirements of cows. The aim of this study was to determine milk produced from forage energy (MFe) and protein (MFp) of grazing cow with three types of supplement. First supplement consisted of cracked maize and commercial concentrate resulting on 14 % of CP (S14). To the S14 mixture 7 % of soybean meal was added to increase CP to 16 % (S16), and commercial concentrate of 16 % CP was used as a third supplement (SC16). Six lactating cows were allocated in a 3x3 replicated Latin Square (three cows per square), three experimental periods (EP) (three weeks per EP). There were no significant effects of supplements (P=0.80) on performance variables. Mean milk yield was 6.8 kg/cow/d. Milk from forage energy and protein were 0.8 and 6.1 kg/cow/day, respectively. Mean milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was high regardless of supplement; but nitrogen in urine (44.1 mg/dL) and feces (1.4 mg/g) were higher for SC16 (P=0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Cows obtained 90 and 10 % of their CP and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and production from the agrosilvopastoral system.

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The effects of feeding frequency of concentrates and feeding sequence of hay on eating behavior, ruminal environment and milk production in dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas94-016 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 103-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. K. Macleod ◽

P. E. Colucci ◽

A. D. Moore ◽

D. G. Grieve ◽

N. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Latin Square ◽

Feeding Frequency ◽

Daily Feeding ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Rumen Metabolism

Two lactation trials were conducted with Holstein cows to assess the effects of varying the feeding frequency of concentrates, addition of long hay, and the sequence of hay and grain feeding on performance, rumen fermentation and eating behavior. Numbers of primiparous and multiparous cows assigned to repeated Latin square designs (4 × 4) were 8 and 12 for exp. 1 and 12 and 20 for exp. 2. Each experiment utilized four extra rumen-fistulated lactating cows to examine aspects of rumen metabolism. The four treatments applied in exp. 1 were (a) twice-daily feeding of concentrate, no hay; (b) thrice-daily feeding of concentrate, no hay; (c) hay offered 1 h before concentrate; and (d) hay offered 1 h after concentrate. Treatments in exp. 2 were similar, with the following exceptions: (b) concentrate six times daily; (c) hay 2 h before concentrate; and (d) hay 0.5 h after concentrate. In each treatment in both experiments, alfalfa silage was offered ad libitum. The average concentrate/forage ratio of the diets was 74:26 and 60:40 for exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In exp. 1, except for time spent eating and concentration of rumen propionate (increased with addition of 2 kg hay d−1, P < 0.05), treatments had no effect on dry matter intake, milk production and rumen metabolism. In exp. 2, inclusion of hay in the diet (3 kg d−1) increased DM intake (P < 0.001) and milk (P < 0.05), protein and lactose (P < 0.01) yields but decreased milk-fat test (P < 0.01). Hay also increased the ruminal molar proportions of propionate, butyrate (P < 0.05) and valerate (P < 0.001) and decreased acetate (P < 0.05), isobutyrate and isovalerate (P < 0.001). As in exp. 1, rumen ammonia N and pH were not affected by treatments. The effects of hay inclusion in the diet in exp. 2 are consistent with the high quality of hay used, which had a lower fiber content than the silage. Key words: Feeding frequency, feeding sequence, lactating dairy cows

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Dual-Purpose Water Buffalo Production Systems in Tropical Latin America: Bases for a Sustainable Model

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102910 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2910

Author(s):

Aldo Bertoni ◽

Adolfo Álvarez-Macías ◽

Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽

José Luis Dávalos ◽

Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Production Systems ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Agrosilvopastoral Systems ◽

Sustainable Advantage ◽

Nutritional Qualities ◽

Effective Development

Tropical regions of Latin America have been incorporated into development in recent decades, with extensive cattle ranching as one of the main economic activities but without adequate planning, drastically degrading the ecosystem. In recent years, buffalo production has been incorporated into the region, with possibilities for development in profitable and sustainable models. To study this option in depth, a broad bibliographic review was carried out focusing on the ecological characteristics of tropical zones and the physiological and productive characteristics of buffaloes. We also investigated the structure and functioning of dual-purpose systems that have worked in cattle and that can be optimized with this alternative animal species. The possibility of taking sustainable advantage of abundant forage resources in the region was detected through intensive grazing models, as well as agrosilvopastoral systems, due to the gregarious qualities of buffaloes and responding to their thermoregulation needs. In this way, the productive and regenerative capacities of the dual-purpose system could be increased, as well as the quality of meat and milk, which could be marketed as differentiated products, taking advantage of their outstanding nutritional qualities. Integral management of the dual-purpose system is proposed, retaking the bases of the original model of family characters, diversified and with low investments and risks, which with specific innovations can be an effective development option for producers in the region.

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Intake of lactating and dry dual-purpose cows grazing two species of Brachiaria pastures in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200004853 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 103-103

Author(s):

N. Joaquin ◽

M. Herrero

Keyword(s):

Basal Diet ◽

Animal Production ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Dairy Systems ◽

Small Holder ◽

Brachiaria Pastures ◽

Feeding Systems

Brachiaria spp. pastures, specially B. decumbens, cover an area of 400 thousand ha in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. They comprise the basal diet for ruminants in dual-purpose and small-holder dairy systems of the region (Herrero et al. 1999). Therefore, an important portion of the animal production is conditioned by the amount and quality of these pastures and their intake. Knowledge of pasture intake is crucial for formulating bio-economically feasible feeding systems for ruminants. The objective of this work was to measure intake of Brachiaria spp pastures using alkanes as markers and to quantify pasture intake differences between dry and lactating cows.

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Milk quality of dual-purpose cows supplemented with biological fish silage (Pterygoplichthys sp.) as a protein source

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n4a05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 252-263

Author(s):

Raquel A Castillo-Mercado ◽

Adolfo Bucio-Galindo ◽

Rosa M Salinas-Hernández ◽

Emilio M Aranda-Ibáñez ◽

Francisco Izquierdo-Reyes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Latin Square ◽

Protein Source ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Sanitary Condition ◽

Sensory Analyses ◽

Quality Of Milk

Background: Devilfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.) is a pest of high impact in aquaculture production systems. Through a biological fermentation process, it could be used as a source of protein for dairy cows. However, milk palatability and smell could be limiting factors. Objective: to evaluate the quality of milk from cows supplemented with biological fish silage (Pterygoplichthys sp.) as a protein source. Methods: The treatments (T) evaluated were T1, 0% biological fish silage; T2, 10% biological fish silage; and T3, 20% biological fish silage. Twelve randomly selected cows were used in a Latin square experimental design, in which three treatments were tested with all of the cows during three time periods. Each period lasted 20 days (15-day adaptation period and 5-day experimental phase). Milk was analyzed for physicochemical, microbiological, sanitary condition and sensory characteristics. Analyses of variance were performed for all the response variables. Results: No significant differences for physicochemical variables were found among the treatments studied. Differences were observed in microbiological and sanitary variables among treatments, but values were in the range for high quality milk standards (˂100,000 CFU mL-1 aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and ˂400,000 somatic cells mL-1). In the sensory analyses, panelists did not detect strange odors nor fishy taste or odor in the milk of any of the treatments. Conclusion: Biological fish silage can be included up to 20% as a protein source in supplements for lactating cows.

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Whole-crop wheat for dairy cows: effects of crop maturity, a silage inoculant and an enzyme added before feeding on food intake and digestibility and milk production

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800052474 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 307-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. D. Sutton ◽

R. H. Phipps ◽

E. R. Deaville ◽

A. K. Jones ◽

D. J. Humphries

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Milk Production ◽

Starch Content ◽

Latin Square ◽

Live Weight ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Energy Value ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Crop Maturity

AbstractTo measure the effect of stage of maturity of whole-crop (WCW) on its composition, digestibility and feeding value winter wheat was harvested at different maturities in two successive years. In year 1 WCW was harvested at 301(low dry matter (DM)) and 511(high DM) g DM per kg and ensiled and at 584 g DM per kg and treated with 40 kg urea per t DM before being stored (urea-treated WCW). Part of the high DM WCW was treated with an additive containing Lactobacillus buchneri at harvest. In year 2 WCW was harvested at 321 (low DM) and 496 (high DM) g DM per kg and ensiled before both crops were offered to the cows with or without a fibrolytic enzyme sprayed on the forage just before feeding. In both years the WCW was offered ad libitum in a 2: 1 WCW: grass silage DM ratio with 10 kg fresh weight concentrates per day to 40 early-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows in a 13-or 15-week production study with a continuous design and to four fistulated lactating cows in a 4 ✕ 4 Latin-square experiment for measurement of diet digestibility. In both years neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) content decreased and starch content increased with advancing maturity. In the production trials, DM intake increased (P 0·01) with advancing maturity but milk yield was not significantly affected. Milk protein yield was increased by urea-treated WCW. The additives had no effect on food intake or milk production. In year 1, digestibility of all fractions except starch was lower for high DM WCW than low DM WCW but for urea-treated WCW only the digestibility of starch and energy was lower than digestibility of the low DM WCW fractions. The inoculant had no significant effect. In year 2 crop maturity had no significant effect on digestibility but the enzyme reduced the digestibility of neutraland acid-detergent fibre (NDF and ADF, P 0·05). In year 1, each of the forage mixtures was offered to sheep at 12 g DM per kg live weight per day. There were significant treatment effects on the digestibility of DM (P 0·05) and organic matter (OM) (P 0·01) and on DOMD (digestible OM in the DM) (P 0·01) with the highest values being obtained for urea-treated WCW and the lowest for the inoculant-treated high DM WCW. Digestibility coefficients for NDF and ADF were highest for the urea-treated WCW while starch digestibility was essentially complete for all the WCW treatments. The metabolizable energy value (MJ/kg corrected DM) of the WCW decreased with advancing maturity when measured with both the lactating cows (10·4, 9·3 and 9·0) and the sheep (11·4, 10·8 and 10·3) in contrast to the predictions based on the chemical composition (9·6, 10·4 and 12·4). It is concluded that food intake increases with advancing crop maturity but milk production responses are small. Effects on digestibility were inconsistent but the energy value measured in the cows fell with advancing maturity in both years. The increase in crop yield per ha with advancing maturity is likely to be the most important factor influencing the decision to harvest later. The silage additives tested were not beneficial.

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Energy and tannin extract supplementation for dairy cows on annual winter pastures

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p1017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tiago Pansard Alves ◽

Kamila Maciel Dias ◽

Lucélia Janes Hans Dallastra ◽

Bibiana Lima Fonseca ◽

Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro-Filho

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Latin Square ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Production Performance ◽

Tannin Extract ◽

Milk Urea ◽

Energy Supplementation ◽

Metabolizable Proteins ◽

Corn Grain

Energy supplementation can increase the consumption of metabolizable energy and substrate for microbial growth, while condensed tannins aid in increasing the duodenal flow of foodborne metabolizable proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of energy supplementation and the inclusion of tannin extract (TE) from Acacia mearnsii (Weibull Black, Tanac S. A., Montenegro, Brazil) on the production performance of dairy cows grazing on winter pastures. Nine multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation were distributed in a 3 × 3 Latin square experimental design over three periods of 28 days (21 adaptation and 7 sampling). The treatments were: without supplementation (WS), supplementation with 4 kg of corn grain (CG), and corn grain + 80 g of tannin extract (TE). The dry matter (DM) intake from pastures was similar among treatments, but the consumption of DM of the supplement was higher in the CG treatment than that in the TE treatment. The total DM intake was higher for the supplemented animals (17.3 kg?day-1) than that for the unsupplemented animals (14.9 kg?day-1) and in the TE treatment (17.7 kg?day-1) than in the CG treatment (16.7 kg day-1). Milk production increased from the unsupplemented to the supplemented animals (20.9 to 23.5 kg, respectively), while the content of urea N in the milk decreased (12.6 to 10.5 mg?100 mL-1, respectively). There were no differences in milk production or content of milk urea N between the CG and TE treatments. Energy supplementation is a tool for improving the nutritional profile and the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation grazing on annual winter pastures, while tannin extract aids in improving the energy balance.

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ВЛИЯНИЕ БИОКОНСЕРВАНТА «СИЛОСТАН» НА КАЧЕСТВО СЕНАЖА ИЗ КОЗЛЯТНИКА ВОСТОЧНОГО И СЫРОПРИГОДНОСТЬ МОЛОКА КОРОВ

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2019.6.39678 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 51-56

Author(s):

A.S. KARAMAEVA ◽

N.V. SOBOLEVA ◽

S.V. KARAMAEV

Keyword(s):

Serum Proteins ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

Ayrshire Breed ◽

Milk Coagulation ◽

Dry Substance

От породы коров и ее особенностей зависят эффективность использования кормов, качество и технологические свойства молока. Материалом исследований служили коровы чернопестрой голштинской и айрширской пород. Для повышения качества сенажа из козлятника восточного использовали микробиологический препарат. В готовом корме с биоконсервантом содержание сухого вещества было выше на 3,66, обменной энергии на 8,04, сырого протеина на 10,86, переваримого протеина на 13,59. Улучшение качества корма оказало положительное влияние на метаболические процессы в рубце подопытных коров. Независимо от технологии приготовления сенажа коровы айрширской породы лучше переваривали, по сравнению с голштинами, сухое вещество на 2,062,91 (Р0,05), органическое на 1,212,04 (Р0,05), сырой протеин на 2,222,49 (Р0,05), БЭВ на 0,921,36, но при этом голштины лучше переваривали сырой жир на 2,732,78 (Р0,05) и сырую клетчатку на 1,551,86. В результате внесения в сенаж биоконсерванта Силостан и улучшения переваримости корма у коров опытных групп значительно улучшился химический состав и технологические свойства молока. Очень важно для сыроделия, что в молоке коров, получавших в рационе сенаж с биоконсервантом, повышается массовая доля казеина на 2,42,7, а доля сывороточных белков и фракции казеина, которые не свертываются под действием сычужного фермента, наоборот, снижается на 1,41,5 и на 0,30,9, соответственно. Уменьшается продолжительность свертывания молока сычужным ферментом, снижаются потери сухого вещества с сывороткой, и увеличивается выход казеинового сгустка. Плотность казеинового сгустка повышается в молоке голштинских коров на 14,3, айрширских на 5,7 и составляет, соответственно, 1,92 и 2,96 г/см2.The efficiency of feed use, the quality, as well as technological properties of milk depend on cow breed and its characteristics. Blackandwhite Holstein and Ayrshire breeds were used as the material for research. Microbiological preparation was used to increase the quality of halyage made of Eastern galega. The content of dry substance in the readymade feed was 3.66 higher, the metabolizable energy 8.04 higher, raw protein 10.86 higher, and digestible protein 13.59. Improvement of feed quality positively influenced the metabolic processes in the rumen of experimental cows. Without regard to the technology of halyage preparation, cows of Ayrshire breed showed betterdigestion of dry substance by 2.06 2.91 (P0.05) than Holstein cows, organic substance by 1.21 2.04 (P0.05), raw protein by 2.22 2.49 (P0.05), nitrogenfree extractive fraction by 0.92 1.36, but Holstein breed showed better digestion of raw fat by 2.73 2.78 (P0.05) and raw fiber by 1.55 1.86. Chemical composition and technological properties of milk improved significantly as a result of addition of Silostan biopreservative to the halyage and improvement of feed digestibility in cows from test groups. The fact that the mass percentage of casein is increased by 2.4 2.7, and the share of serum proteins and ycasein fractions which do not coagulate under the influence of enzyme rennet is inversely decreased by 1.4 1.5 and 0.3 0.9, accordingly, is very important for cheese making. The duration of milk coagulation with rennet is decreased, the loss of dry substance with serum is decreased, and the yield of casein coagulate is increased. Density of casein coagulate is increased in the milk of Holstein cows by 14.3, Ayrshire cows by 5.7, and equals to 1.92 and 2.96 g/cm2, accordingly.

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What is the digestibility and caloric value of different botanical parts in corn residue to cattle?1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 3056-3070 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emily A Petzel ◽

Evan C Titgemeyer ◽

Alexander J Smart ◽

Kristin E Hales ◽

Andrew P Foote ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Heat Production ◽

Latin Square ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Corn Residue ◽

Completely Randomized Design

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to measure rates of ruminal disappearance, and energy and nutrient availability and N balance among cows fed corn husks, leaves, or stalks. Ruminal disappearance was estimated after incubation of polyester bags containing husks, leaves or stalks in 2 separate ruminally cannulated cows in a completely randomized design. Organic matter (OM) that initially disappeared was greatest for stalks and least for husks and leaves (P < 0.01), but amounts of NDF that initially disappeared was greatest for husks, intermediate for stalks, and least for leaves (P < 0.01). Amounts of DM and OM that slowly disappeared were greatest in husks, intermediate in leaves, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). However, amounts of NDF that slowly disappeared were greatest in leaves, intermediate in husks, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). Rate of DM and OM disappearance was greater for leaves, intermediate for husks and least for stalks, but rate of NDF disappearance was greatest for stalks, intermediate for leaves, and least for husks (P < 0.01). Energy and nutrient availability in husks, leaves, or stalks were measured by feeding ruminally cannulated cows husk-, leaf-, or stalk-based diets in a replicated Latin square. Digestible energy lost as methane was less (P = 0.02) when cows were fed leaves in comparison to husks or stalks, and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DM) was greater (P = 0.03) when cows were fed husks and leaves compared with stalks. Heat production (Mcal/d) was not different (P = 0.74) between husks, leaves, or stalks; however, amounts of heat produced as a proportion of digestible energy intake were less (P = 0.05) among cows fed leaves in comparison to stalks or husks. Subsequently, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for net energy available for maintenance from leaves (1.42 Mcal/kg DM) to be greater than stalks (0.91 Mcal/kg DM), and husks (1.30 Mcal/kg DM) were intermediate. Nitrogen balance was greater when cows were fed leaves, intermediate for husks, and least for stalks (P = 0.01). Total tract digestion of NDF was greater (P < 0.01) for husks and leaves compared with stalks. Husks had greater (P = 0.04) OM digestibility in comparison to stalks, and leaves were intermediate. Apparently, greater production of methane from husks in comparison to leaves limited amounts of energy available for maintenance from husks even though total-tract nutrient digestion was greatest when cows were fed husks or leaves.

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510 A Profile of Physical Performance Variables in an Out-Patient Adult Population with Narcolepsy

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A201-A201

Author(s):

Ragy Tadrous ◽

Julie Broderick ◽

Niamh Murphy ◽

Lisa Slattery ◽

Gillian Quinn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy can significantly impact the physical and mental wellbeing of people with narcolepsy, and has been associated with significant reductions in quality of life and physical performance. People with narcolepsy demonstrate many barriers to being physically fit and active, such as sleepiness and social isolation. Despite physical functioning and vitality being the most affected domains of health-related quality of life in this cohort, little is known about how physical performance variables are affected in people with narcolepsy. Methods This cross-sectional study profiled the physical performance of adults with narcolepsy attending the Narcolepsy Centre located in St. James’s Hospital. Participants underwent a physical performance test battery that investigated cardiopulmonary fitness, physical activity, muscle strength and endurance. Furthermore, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), symptom severity and sedentary behaviour was ascertained through self-report questionnaires. Results A total of 23 participants were recruited in this study. The majority of participants were female (n=13, 56.52%) and the mean age was 31.53 (± 13.17) years. Physical performance was generally found to be lower than age-and-gender matched normative values for cardiopulmonary fitness, physical activity and muscle strength and endurance. Participants’ completed 42.20 ± 21.41 minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity daily as measured by actigraphy. Considerable sedentary behaviour was objectively measured in this sample (10.21 hours). Symptom severity was high as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Narcolepsy Severity Scale, and participants reported reduced quality of life when compared to general population norms (US, UK, France and Norway). Conclusion Markedly reduced physical performance was identified in this sample of people with narcolepsy, irrespective of participant age, gender and BMI. Future research should explore the role of exercise in improving the physical fitness in people with narcolepsy, and the influence of exercise on HRQoL and symptom severity in this cohort. Support (if any) This study was completed as part of Mr Ragy Tadrous’ Master of Science (MSc) degree in Trinity College Dublin. This degree was co-sponsored by the Physiotherapy Department in St. James’s Hospital, Dublin.

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Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Juan J. Loor ◽

Philip C. Garnsworthy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Short Term ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil

The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

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