Optimising the fatty acid composition of beef muscle

The Department of Health (1994) recommended people to reduce their intake of total fat and saturated fat and increase that ofn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to 200 mg/d. The ratio of PUFA:saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio) in the total diet should be >0.4 with ann-6:n-3 ratio of <4. Since fish consumption, a major source of dietary long-chainn-3 PUFA, is low in the UK, research has focused on improving the fatty acid balance of other meats. The objective of this paper is to summarise studies by IGER and the University of Bristol on manipulating fatty acid composition of beef.

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Serum adipokine profile and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues are affected by conjugated linoleic acid and saturated fat diets in obese Zucker rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711450999256x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 869-878 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Susana V. Martins ◽

Paula A. Lopes ◽

Cristina M. Alfaia ◽

Pedro O. Rodrigues ◽

Susana P. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Obese Zucker Rats ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Pai 1

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported as having body fat lowering properties and the ability to modulate the inflammatory system in several models. In the present study, the effects of CLA added to saturated fat diets, from vegetable and animal origins, on the serum adipokine profile of obese Zucker rats were assessed. In addition, the fatty acid composition of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was determined and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess possible relationships between fatty acids and serum metabolites. Atherogenic diets (2 % cholesterol) were formulated with palm oil and ovine fat and supplemented or not with 1 % of a mixture (1:1) ofcis-9,trans-11 andtrans-10,cis-12-CLA isomers. CLA-fed animals exhibited lower daily feed intake, final body and liver weights, and hepatic lipids content. Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were increased in CLA-supplemented groups. CLA also promoted higher adiponectin and lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) serum concentrations. In contrast to palm oil diets, ovine fat increased insulin resistance and serum levels of leptin, TNF-α and IL-1β. Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues had similar deposition of individual fatty acids. The PCA analysis showed that thetrans-10,cis-12-CLA isomer was highly associated with adiponectin and PAI-1 levels. Summing up, CLA added to vegetable saturated enriched diets, relative to those from animal origin, seems to improve the serum profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers in obese Zucker rats due to a more favourable fatty acid composition.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in human hindmilk are stable throughout 12-months of lactation and provide a sustained intake to the infant during exclusive breastfeeding: an Italian study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500001288 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 103-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Franca Marangoni ◽

Carlo Agostoni ◽

Anna M. Lammard ◽

Marcello Giovannini ◽

Claudio Galli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Human Milk ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Total Fat ◽

Extended Lactation ◽

Long Chain

While a wealth of data on the fatty acid composition of mature human milk has been published, limited information is available on the quantities of individual fatty acids supplied to the suckling infant with maternal milk, through the whole first year of life. Our aim was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the fatty acid composition of human milk from Italian mothers, throughout extended lactation with particular emphasis on the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. We have thus measured the total fat content and the concentrations of major fatty acids by quantitative GLC in pooled breast hindmilk collected from all feedings over 24 h at colostrum, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in ten mothers recruited after delivery of full-term infants. Total saturated fatty acids progressively increase and total monounsaturated progressively decrease as percentage levels, while among long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, percentages of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid decrease from colostrum up to the third month. Hindmilk total lipids (mg/dl) rise more than twofold up to 3 months, and then remain stable. The amounts (mg/dl) of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid progressively increase, following the trend of total fat, while arachidonic and docosahexaenoic concentrations (mg/dl) remain stable throughout the whole nursing period. Assessment of the intakes per kg body weight shows different trends for the individual major long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplied to the infant from hindmilk during exclusive breast-feeding (3 months). This information may be useful for the evaluation of infant intakes during extended lactation.

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Fatty acid composition and quality of muscle from steers fed ruminally protected lipid

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200008346 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

M. Enser ◽

N. Scollan ◽

S. Gulati ◽

G. Nute ◽

K. Hallett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Protein Matrix ◽

The Uk ◽

Lipid Supplement

Recommendations to improve the UK diet suggest an increase in the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio) and a higher consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Ruminant meats have a poor P:S ratio, approximately 0.1 compared to the recommendation of 0.4-1.0 for the whole diet. However, the ratio of C18:2 n-6/C18:3 n-3 (the n-6:n-3) is well within the recommended value of <4.0 at approximately 2 and ruminant muscle also supplies longer-chain n-3 PUFA. By feeding lipid in a formaldehyde cross-linked protein matrix, rumen biohydrogenation can be avoided and the tissue PUFA level increased but with potential effects on oxidative shelf-life, colour and flavour of the meat. This trial investigated the fatty acid composition and quality of meat produced by feeding a protected lipid supplement (PLS).

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Evaluation of cooling strategies for pumping of milk – Impact of fatty acid composition on free fatty acid levels

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202990500141x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 476-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lars Wiking ◽

Hanne C Bertram ◽

Lennart Björck ◽

Jacob H Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

The Other ◽

Fat Globules ◽

Milk Fat Globules

Cooling strategies for pumping of raw milk were evaluated. Milk was pumped for 450 s at 31 °C, or pumped after cooling to 4 °C and subsequently subjected to various incubation times. Two types of milk were used; i.e. milk from cows fed a diet high in saturated fat supplements resulting in significantly larger milk fat globules than the other type of milk which comes from cows fed a low-fat diet that stimulates high de novo fat synthesis. The content of liquid fat was determined by low-field 1H NMR, which showed that milk from cows given the saturated fat diet also contained less liquid fat at both 4 ° and 31 °C than the other type of milk. This can be ascribed to the differences in the fatty acid composition of the milk as a result of the fatty acid composition of the diets. After pumping of the milk at 31 °C, measurement of fat globule size distribution revealed a significant coalescence of milk fat globules in the milk obtained from the saturated fat diet due to pumping. Pumping at 4 °C or pumping the other type of milk did not result in coalescence of milk fat globules. Formation of free fatty acids increased significantly in both types of milk by pumping at 31 °C. Cooling the milk to 4 °C immediately before pumping inhibited an increased content of free fatty acids. However, when the milk was incubated at 4 °C for 60 min after cooling and then subjected to pumping, a significant increase in the formation of free fatty acids was observed in both types of milk. It is suggested that this increase in free fatty acids is caused by transition of polymorphic crystal forms or higher level of attached lipoprotein lipases to the milk fat globule before pumping.

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Fatty acid composition including trans isomers of Serbian biscuits

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind101001078k ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Snezana Kravic ◽

Zvonimir Suturovic ◽

Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic ◽

Zorica Stojanovic ◽

Mira Pucarevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Fats And Oils ◽

Total Fatty Acids ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Fat

An experimental study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the quality of the lipid fraction of Serbian biscuits. Total fat contents of the biscuit samples ranged between 10.2% and 24.5%. The saturated, cis-monounsaturated and cis-polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were within the ranges of 18.585.6%, 10.649.9% and 2.713.3% of total fatty acids, respectively. The content of trans fatty acids (TFA) ranged from 0.0% to 42.5% and the mean was 10.2%. In a total of 34 investigated samples, 10 of them were found to be trans - free, 8 contained low level of TFA (under 2%), 4 samples contained between 2 and 10% of TFA, while 12 samples contained very high amounts of TFA (12.042.5%). The results obtained showed a considerable variability in fatty acid composition of biscuits which indicated that different types of fats and oils were used for production of biscuits in Serbia.

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Fatty acid composition of commercially important fish from Brazil

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161993000300023 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 478-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

L.E. Gutierrez ◽

R.C.M. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Freshwater Fish ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Marine Fish ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Total Fat ◽

Important Fish

Total fat and fatty acid composition of seven fresh-water and nine marine fish commercially important in Brazil were determined. Palmitic acid was the predominant saturated fatty acid in both freshwater and marine fish. In the fat from freshwater fish the total C-16 fatty acids were higher than in marine fish. Oleic acid was the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid and it was found in higher levels in freshwater fish. The data revealed that most freshwater fish from Brazil examined were a poor source of eicosapentaenoic (20:5) and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids. Of the marine fish analysed, only sardine and manjuba could be recommended as a good sources of n-3 fatty acids.

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Fatty acid composition of three small indigenous fishes of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v43i1.26141 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 85-93

Author(s):

Tonima Mustafa ◽

M Niamul Naser ◽

Sabrina Murshed ◽

Zeba Farhana ◽

Mushfida Akter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Good Source ◽

Regular Consumption ◽

Total Fat ◽

Indigenous Fishes

The total fat and fatty acid composition of three commonly consumed small indigenous fish species of Bangladesh, Mola, Amblypharyngodon mola, Jat puti, Puntius sophore and Shar puti, Systomus sarana. Twenty-one types of fatty acids were identified from the extracted oil of these fishes. C16:0 and C18:0 were the predominant saturated fatty acids (SFA), C16:1 ?7 and C18:1 ?9 the main monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), while C22:6:4 ?3 (DHA), C20:5 ?3 (EPA) were the main PUFAs. The total ?3 was between 4.28% to17.86% and the total ?6 was between 4.08% to 23.12%. The ?3/ ?6 ratio was between to 0.35% to 1.50%. It is evident from this study that A. mola, P. sophore and S. Sarana are good source of ?3 and ?6 PUFA and their regular consumption will contribute to better health.Bangladesh J. Zool. 43(1): 85-93, 2015

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Fatty acid composition of achenes of Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae, Carduoideae) from Turkey

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2015-0128 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (3-4) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melahat Ozcan ◽

Faik Ahmet Ayaz ◽

Yesim Ozogul ◽

Robert Glew ◽

Fatih Ozogul

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Total Fat ◽

Total Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The fatty acid compositions and total oil contents in achenes of 22 Cirsium taxa collected from different natural habitats in Turkey were investigated. The range of total fat in the taxa varied from 1.7% to 13.3%. The taxa contained palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1n-9), linoleic (C18:2n-6), and α-linolenic (C18:3n-3) acid. Polyunsaturated fatty acids had the highest level, ranging from 52.1% to 75.2% (C18:2n-6) and 0.5%–17.3% (C18:3n-3). Total saturated (6.9%–17.4%), monounsaturated (11.7%–28.9%), and polyunsaturated (57.4%–79.9%) fatty acids varied substantially, whereas total unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 70.6% to 91.3%. Considerable variation was observed (P<0.05) within each taxon for these fatty acids, especially α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). Fatty acid compositions of the 22 taxa were compared by cluster analysis (UPGMA) and principle component analysis (PCA) based on six major fatty acids. This is the first report on the lipid content and fatty acid composition of achenes of Cirsium taxa growing in different areas of Turkey. Fatty acid profiles, relative proportions and levels of fatty acids can be used as additional biochemical markers in the taxonomy of Cirsium.

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Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660071 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (03) ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M K Salo ◽

E Vartiainen ◽

P Puska ◽

T Nikkari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Living ◽

Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

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