scholarly journals Serum adipokine profile and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues are affected by conjugated linoleic acid and saturated fat diets in obese Zucker rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana V. Martins ◽  
Paula A. Lopes ◽  
Cristina M. Alfaia ◽  
Pedro O. Rodrigues ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Pai 1

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported as having body fat lowering properties and the ability to modulate the inflammatory system in several models. In the present study, the effects of CLA added to saturated fat diets, from vegetable and animal origins, on the serum adipokine profile of obese Zucker rats were assessed. In addition, the fatty acid composition of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues was determined and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess possible relationships between fatty acids and serum metabolites. Atherogenic diets (2 % cholesterol) were formulated with palm oil and ovine fat and supplemented or not with 1 % of a mixture (1:1) ofcis-9,trans-11 andtrans-10,cis-12-CLA isomers. CLA-fed animals exhibited lower daily feed intake, final body and liver weights, and hepatic lipids content. Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were increased in CLA-supplemented groups. CLA also promoted higher adiponectin and lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) serum concentrations. In contrast to palm oil diets, ovine fat increased insulin resistance and serum levels of leptin, TNF-α and IL-1β. Epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues had similar deposition of individual fatty acids. The PCA analysis showed that thetrans-10,cis-12-CLA isomer was highly associated with adiponectin and PAI-1 levels. Summing up, CLA added to vegetable saturated enriched diets, relative to those from animal origin, seems to improve the serum profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers in obese Zucker rats due to a more favourable fatty acid composition.

Influence of high-fat diet from differential dietary sources on bone mineral density, bone strength, and bone fatty acid composition in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Y. Lau ◽  
Val Andrew Fajardo ◽  
Lauren McMeekin ◽  
Sandra M. Sacco ◽  
Wendy E. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Previous studies have suggested that high-fat diets adversely affect bone development. However, these studies included other dietary manipulations, including low calcium, folic acid, and fibre, and (or) high sucrose or cholesterol, and did not directly compare several common sources of dietary fat. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets that differ in fat quality, representing diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), or n-6 PUFA, on femur bone mineral density (BMD), strength, and fatty acid composition. Forty-day-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were maintained for 65 days on high-fat diets (20% by weight), containing coconut oil (SFA; n = 10), flaxseed oil (n-3 PUFA; n = 10), or safflower oil (n-6 PUFA; n = 11). Chow-fed rats (n = 10), at 105 days of age, were included to represent animals on a control diet. Rats fed high-fat diets had higher body weights than the chow-fed rats (p < 0.001). Among all high-fat groups, there were no differences in femur BMD (p > 0.05) or biomechanical strength properties (p > 0.05). Femurs of groups fed either the high n-3 or high n-6 PUFA diets were stronger (as measured by peak load) than those of the chow-fed group, after adjustment for significant differences in body weight (p = 0.001). As expected, the femur fatty acid profile reflected the fatty acid composition of the diet consumed. These results suggest that high-fat diets, containing high levels of PUFA in the form of flaxseed or safflower oil, have a positive effect on bone strength when fed to male rats 6 to 15 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profiles in adipose tissues and liver differ between horses and ponies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Adolph ◽  
Carola Schedlbauer ◽  
Dominique Blaue ◽  
Axel Schöniger ◽  
Claudia Gittel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractFatty acids, as key components of cellular membranes and complex lipids, may play a central role in endocrine signalling and the function of adipose tissue and liver. Thus, the lipid fatty acid composition may play a role in health and disease status in the equine. This study aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition of different tissues and liver lipid classes by comparing Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies under defined conditions. We hypothesized that ponies show different lipid patterns than horses in adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Six Warmblood horses and six Shetland ponies were housed and fed under identical conditions. Tissue and blood sampling were performed following a standardized protocol. A one-step lipid extraction, methylation and trans-esterification method with subsequent gas chromatography was used to analyse the total lipid content and fatty acid profile of retroperitoneal, mesocolon and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver and plasma. In the adipose tissues, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 MUFAs) were most present in ponies and horses. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), followed by SFAs, were most frequently found in liver tissue and plasma in all animals. Horses, in comparison to ponies, had significantly higher n-6 PUFA levels in all tissues and plasma. In liver tissue, horses had significantly lower hepatic iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) than ponies. The hepatic fatty acid composition of selected lipid classes was different between horses and ponies. In the polar PL fraction, horses had low n-9 MUFA and n-3 PUFA contents but higher n-6 PUFA contents than ponies. Furthermore, iso-BCFAs are absent in several hepatic lipid fractions of horses but not ponies. The differences in fatty acid lipid classes between horses and ponies provide key information on the species- and location-specific regulation of FA metabolism, thus affecting health and disease risk.

Evaluation of cooling strategies for pumping of milk – Impact of fatty acid composition on free fatty acid levels

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Wiking ◽  
Hanne C Bertram ◽  
Lennart Björck ◽  
Jacob H Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Milk Fat Globules

Cooling strategies for pumping of raw milk were evaluated. Milk was pumped for 450 s at 31 °C, or pumped after cooling to 4 °C and subsequently subjected to various incubation times. Two types of milk were used; i.e. milk from cows fed a diet high in saturated fat supplements resulting in significantly larger milk fat globules than the other type of milk which comes from cows fed a low-fat diet that stimulates high de novo fat synthesis. The content of liquid fat was determined by low-field 1H NMR, which showed that milk from cows given the saturated fat diet also contained less liquid fat at both 4 ° and 31 °C than the other type of milk. This can be ascribed to the differences in the fatty acid composition of the milk as a result of the fatty acid composition of the diets. After pumping of the milk at 31 °C, measurement of fat globule size distribution revealed a significant coalescence of milk fat globules in the milk obtained from the saturated fat diet due to pumping. Pumping at 4 °C or pumping the other type of milk did not result in coalescence of milk fat globules. Formation of free fatty acids increased significantly in both types of milk by pumping at 31 °C. Cooling the milk to 4 °C immediately before pumping inhibited an increased content of free fatty acids. However, when the milk was incubated at 4 °C for 60 min after cooling and then subjected to pumping, a significant increase in the formation of free fatty acids was observed in both types of milk. It is suggested that this increase in free fatty acids is caused by transition of polymorphic crystal forms or higher level of attached lipoprotein lipases to the milk fat globule before pumping.

scholarly journals Circulating Non-Esterified Fatty Acids as Biomarkers for Fat Content and Composition in Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Marc Tor ◽  
Francesca Vilaró ◽  
Roger Ros-Freixedes ◽  
Javier Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
Lluís Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Fasting Duration ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

Circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) can reflect the composition of dietary fat or adipose tissues depending on the fasting conditions. Therefore, circulating NEFA may be valuable as biomarkers for meat quality traits, such as intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in finishing pigs. Genetic variants that regulate lipid metabolism can also modulate the circulating NEFA. We conducted an experiment with 150 heavy Duroc pigs to evaluate fluctuations in the circulating NEFA composition due to age, fasting duration and two genetic polymorphisms, one in the leptin receptor (LEPR; rs709596309) and one in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD; rs80912566) gene. Circulating NEFA were more saturated and less monounsaturated than the subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. Absolute circulating NEFA content was more influenced by fasting duration than age. The SCD polymorphism did not impact NEFA content or composition. The LEPR polymorphism affected the content but not the fatty acid composition. Circulating oleic acid NEFA content after a short fasting was positively correlated with intramuscular fat content and, after a long fasting, with intramuscular oleic acid content. We conclude that circulating NEFA reflect environmental and genetic metabolic changes but are of limited value as biomarkers for intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition.

Optimising the fatty acid composition of beef muscle

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 40-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Scollan ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
R.I. Richardson ◽  
J.D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Uk ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
The University

The Department of Health (1994) recommended people to reduce their intake of total fat and saturated fat and increase that ofn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to 200 mg/d. The ratio of PUFA:saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio) in the total diet should be >0.4 with ann-6:n-3 ratio of <4. Since fish consumption, a major source of dietary long-chainn-3 PUFA, is low in the UK, research has focused on improving the fatty acid balance of other meats. The objective of this paper is to summarise studies by IGER and the University of Bristol on manipulating fatty acid composition of beef.

Selectivity of fatty acid mobilization: a general metabolic feature of adipose tissue

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. R1060-R1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Raclot ◽  
E. Mioskowski ◽  
A. C. Bach ◽  
R. Groscolas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Metabolic Feature ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

This study extends our earlier work (T. Raclot and R. Groscolas. J. Lipid Res. 34: 1515-1526, 1993), which showed that, under norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis, fatty acids of rat retroperitoneal fat cells are selectively mobilized. The present study examines whether this selective mobilization of fatty acids 1) is based on their proportions in adipose tissue, 2) is a metabolic feature common to all adipose tissues, and/or 3) depends on the lipolysis-stimulating agent. Rat fat cells with two markedly different fatty acid compositions were isolated from four white adipose tissues and treated with three lipolytic agents. Fatty acid composition of in vitro released free fatty acids was compared with that of fat cell triacylglycerols, the ratio of percent in free fatty acid to percent in triacylglycerol being defined as the relative mobilization rate (RMR). The RMR of individual fatty acids was related to their molecular structure. It increased exponentially with unsaturation for a given chain length and decreased with increasing chain length for a given unsaturation. The selectivity of fatty acid mobilization was similar regardless of the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, the tissue location, and the lipolytic agent used. Under conditions of stimulated lipolysis, the selectivity of fatty acid mobilization is therefore a general metabolic feature of adipose tissue. Fatty acids with 16-20 carbon atoms and 4 or 5 double bonds had the highest RMR (from 1.4 to > 5), whereas fatty acids with 20-22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 double bond had the lowest RMR (from 0.3 to 0.7). For the other fatty acids, RMR was close to unity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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