Differences in mammary gland weight and litter performance between Large White sows selected for different traits

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
S. C. Whitehead ◽  
H. M. Miller ◽  
P. C. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Gland Weight

Genetic selection has increased pig lean tissue growth rate, the most extreme animals comprising the ‘sire’ lines of breeding stock. However such improvement has not been without cost in other areas of production. Sire line sows are characterised by smaller litters with poorer pre-weaning growth rates than dam line sows of the same breed. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether reduced pre-weaning growth rate of sire line piglets was due to poor lactation performance of the sow or reduced vitality of sire line piglets.

The influence of level of feeding on nutrient partition and energy metabolism in pigs of different growth potential

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
G.H. Laswai ◽  
W.H. Close ◽  
C.E. Sharpe ◽  
H.D. Keal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Body Weights

Continued improvement through genetic selection and the use of entire males has resulted in pigs with considerable potential for lean tissue growth rate. These animals have, however, lower appetites and this suggests that there may be considerable differences in the partition and in the efficiency of utilisation of dietary nutrients, compared with those previously recommended by ARC (1981). There may also be differences in energy expenditure since Campbell and Taverner (1988) and Rao and McCracken (1990) have suggested that animals of high potential for lean tissue growth rate have higher maintenance energy requirements. There is little information on the energy requirements of pigs of different growth potential and the present experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient partition and energy metabolism of pigs of different body weights and sex.

Comparative performance and body composition of control and selection line large white pigs 3. Three low feeding scales for a fixed time

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ellis ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
Ruth Henderson ◽  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
R. Laird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Daily Growth

ABSTRACTGrowth performance and body composition differences between Large White control (C) and index-selected (S) pigs were evaluated on feeding scales calculated to give very low, low and medium daily growth rates of approximately 450 g, 550 g and 650 g respectively. Starting at 30·3 (s.e. 0·32) kg, 72 boars were penned in groups of six, and one C and one S boar was fed on each of the three feeding scales for 84 days. The feeding scales started at 1·1, 1·2 and 1·3 kg per pig per day for the intended very low, low and medium growth rates with weekly increments of 0·025, 0·050 and 0·075 kg per pig per day. The 34 C and 35 S boars which completed the trial were slaughtered, their carcasses dissected and the whole empty bodies minced and chemically analysed. In no case was the interaction between line of pig and feeding treatment significant. S boars grew faster than C boars on all three levels of feeding. S boars also grew lean tissue faster, deposited less total fat, and had smaller backfat depths than C boars. Similar differences between lines in chemical composition were also apparent for whole body crude protein and lipid. Although the index selection at Newcastle was based on ad libitum performance tests, improvements in the lean content and lean tissue growth rates of the selection line were apparent even at very low levels of feeding.

Muscle histochemical and biochemical properties in relation to meat quality during selection for increased lean tissue growth rate in pigs1

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Karlsson ◽  
Ann-Charlotte Enfält ◽  
Birgitta Essén-Gustavsson ◽  
Kerstin Lundström ◽  
Lotta Rydhmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Selection For

The effect of three suckling regimes on the lactation performance of Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi sheep and the growth rate of the lambs

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
A. Louca ◽  
A. Mavrogenis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARYNinety-nine ewes, 33 from each of the Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi breeds, were used to compare the effects of three suckling regimes on lactation. These consisted of weaning the lambs at birth (W0), 2 days (W2) and 35 days (W35). The 35-day, 150-day and total milk yields, as well as lactation length, were measured for each group. The lambs weaned from the ewes at birth and 2 days were reared on ewe-milk replacer. The growth rate of these lambs was compared with that of the lambs being suckled by their dams, before and after weaning.In all cases the milk yields of the Chios and Awassi breeds of sheep were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the Cyprus fat-tailed. Within each breed the 35-day milk yields of the ewes suckling one lamb were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the ewes on the W0 or W2 treatments, which themselves did not differ significantly. While the 150-day milk yields of the W35 treatment were significantly higher than those of the W0 or W2 treatments, the differences between suckling regimes in terms of total milk yield and lactation length were not significant. It is concluded that differences in milk yield obtained on different suckling regimes are attributable solely to the length of time that the lambs are suckled by their dams.Prior to weaning the growth rate of the lambs given the ewe-milk replacer was significantly lower than that of the lambs suckled by their dams. There were no differences in the growth rates of these groups of lambs when both were fattened on a creep feed after weaning.

The influence of the proportion of Duroc genes on growth, carcass and pork eating quality characteristics

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Blanchard ◽  
C. C. Warkup ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
M. B. Willis ◽  
P. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Lower Shear

AbstractA study was carried out involving 721 pigs, comprising boars and gilts, with either 0, 0.25 , or 0.50 Duroc inclusion level, which were produced by mating Large White boars with Large White × British Landrace sows, Large White boars with Duroc × (Large White × British Landrace) sows, or Duroc boars with Large White × British Landrace sows, respectively. Animals were reared on one of seven different feeding regimens from 30 to 90 kg live weight. Tissue growth rates were determined using a triple sampling procedure based on a combination of full-side and ham joint dissection on subsamples of pigs (127 and 366 pigs, respectively) and P2 backfat thickness on the remainder. Initial body composition was determined at 30 kg on subsamples of the three genotypes. Daily food intakes increased with increasing Duroc inclusion but live-weight gains were similar for the three genotypes. Lean and fat growth rates and food conversion ratios were greatest for the 0·50 Duroc group, although the genotype differences were small. Killing-out proportions and P2 fat depths were higher for the 0.25 and 0·50 Duroc groups. The proportion of lean in the carcass was lower (P < 0·01) for 0·50 Duroc pigs. Japanese colour scores and EEL reflectance indicated that the longissimus muscle was darker for the 0·25 and 0·50 Duroc genotypes. Subcutaneous fat firmness scores and penetrometer readings taken in the mid back indicated softer fat for the 0 Duroc group. Intramuscular fat levels increased (P < 0·01) with increasing Duroc inclusion (10.4, 11.2, and 18·2 g/kg for the 0, 0.25, and 0.50 groups respectively). Cooked longissimus from pigs with 0·50 Duroc had a lower shear force and was judged to have a stronger pork odour and to be more tender and acceptable than that from the 0 Duroc group. The 0.25 Duroc group showed a small improvement in tenderness but a weaker pork odour and similar overall acceptability compared with the 0 Duroc group. This study suggests that the use of the Duroc in crossing systems in the United Kingdom will have limited impact on growth performance but that 0·50 Duroc inclusion will result in fatter carcasses, higher intramuscular fat levels and improved eating quality.

Developments of carcass cuts, organs, body tissues and chemical body composition during growth of pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Landgraf ◽  
A. Susenbeth ◽  
P.W. Knap ◽  
H. Looft ◽  
G.S. Plastow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Carcass Cuts

A serial slaughter trial was carried out to examine the developmental change of physical and chemical body composition in pigs highly selected for lean content. A total of 48 pigs (17 females and 31 castrated males) were serially slaughtered and chemically analysed. Eight pigs were slaughtered at 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 140 kg live weight, (LW) respectively. The carcass was chilled and the left carcass side was dissected into the primal carcass cuts ham, loin, shoulder, belly and neck. Each primal carcass cut was further dissected into lean tissue, bones and rind. Additionally, the physical and chemical body composition was obtained for the total empty body as well as for the three fractions soft tissue, bones and viscera. Viscera included the organs, blood, empty intestinal tract and leaf fat. The relationship between physical or chemical body composition and empty body weight (EBWT) at slaughter was assessed using allometric equations (log10y=log10a+b log10 EBWT). Dressing percentage increased from 69·4 to 85·2% at 20 to 120 kg and then decreased to 83·1% at 140 kg LW, whereas percentage of soft tissue, bones and viscera changed from 23·5 to 33·0%, 10·1 to 6·3% and 14·7 to 10·3%, respectively, during the entire growth period. Substantial changes in proportional weights of carcass cuts on the left carcass side were obtained for loin (10·5 to 17·5%) and belly (11·3 to 13·8%) during growth from 20 to 140 kg. Soft tissue fraction showed an allometric coefficient above 1 ( b=1·14) reflecting higher growth rate in relation to the total empty body. The coefficients for the fractions bones and viscera were substantially below 1 with b=0·77 and 0·79, respectively, indicating substantial lower growth relative to growth of the total empty body. Lean tissue allometric growth rate of different primal cuts ranged from b=1·02 (neck) to 1·28 (belly), whereas rates of components associated with fat tissue growth rate ranged from b=0·62 (rind of belly) to 1·79 (backfat). For organs, allometric growth rate ranged from b=0·61 (liver) to 0·90 (spleen). For the entire empty body, allometric accretion rate was 1·01, 1·75, 1·02 and 0·85 for protein, lipid, ash and water, respectively. Extreme increase in lipid deposition was obtained during growth from 120 to 140 kg growth. This was strongly associated with an increase in backfat and leaf fat in this period. Interestingly, breeds selected for high leanness such as Piétrain sired progeny showed an extreme increase in lipid accretion at a range of LW from 120 to 140 kg, which indicates that selection has only postponed the lipid deposition to an higher weight compared with the normally used final weight of 100 kg on the performance test. The estimates obtained for allometric growth rates of primal carcass cuts, body tissue and chemical body composition can be used to predict changes in weight of carcass cuts, determine selection goals concerning lean tissue growth, food intake capacity, etc. and generally as input parameters for pig growth models that can be used to improve the efficiency of the entire pig production system for pigs highly selected for lean content.

The influence of rate of lean and fat tissue development on pork eating quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Blanchard ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
C. C. Warkup ◽  
B. Hardy ◽  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe influence of plane of nutrition and diet on the eating quality of fresh pork was investigated in a study involving 721 animals. Boars and gilts of three genotypes (0, 0·25 and 0·50 Duroc inclusion level) were reared from 30 to 90 kg on seven feeding regimens (combinations of diet formulation and feeding level) to achieve different rates of lean and fat tissue growth during two growth periods (30 to 60 or 75 kg; 60 or 75 kg to 90 kg), respectively. A diet of conventional energy and protein (CEP, 14·2 MJ/kg digestible energy, 205 g/kg crude protein, 10 g/kg lysine) was given using combinations of ad libitum and restricted feeding to produce six treatment groups with variation in lean and fat growth rates. An additional treatment group was given food ad libitum on a higher energy and lower protein diet (HELP, 14·7 MJ/kg digestible energy, 166 g/kg crude protein, 7·0 g/kg lysine) between 30 and 90 kg. Dissected carcass composition at 90 kg was predicted from equations based on P2 fat depth, which were developed from full-side and ham joint dissections on sub-samples of animals. Representative sub-samples of animals were dissected at start (30 kg) and at interim weights (60 or 75 kg) to allow lean and subcutaneous fat growth rates to be calculated for all or parts of the growth period. The feeding regimes produced substantial variation in live-weight gain (DLWG) (744 to 914 g/day) and lean tissue growth rate (LTGR 345 to 417 g/day) and subcutaneous fat growth rate (SFGR 81 to 97 g/day), between 30 and 90 kg, and in longissimus dorsi intramuscular fat content (10·37 to 23·87 g/kg). Pigs given the HELP diet had the highest intramuscular fat and the best eating quality. Pigs offered the CEP diet ad libitum throughout the growth period produced more tender but less juicy meat than those given food restrictedly (0·8 or 0·9 of ad libitum). The correlations between DLWG, LTGR and SFGR for the whole or parts of the growth period and sensory characteristics, although often positive, were generally low, suggesting weak relationships.

GROWTH AND FEEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE BREEDS OF SWINE AND THEIR CROSSES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-936
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
W. E. REMPEL ◽  
S. G. CORNELIUS ◽  
C. E. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Animal Growth

Data from 200 hogs, representing all possible two-breed and purebreed crosses of Minnesota No. 1 (M), Pietrain (P), and Yorkshire (Y) breeds and two sexes, barrows (1) and gilts (2), were recorded following slaughter at four developmental stages (22.5 kg, 45.0 kg, 67.5 kg, and 90.0 kg liveweight). The objectives were to examine: (a) breed and sex effects on allometric growth coefficients (AGC) and lean tissue growth rates (LTGR); (b) breed differences for feed efficiency on a live animal basis (GF) and lean tissue basis (LTGF); (c) heterosis and differences between reciprocal crosses for these traits; and (d) the relationship between live animal growth rate and LTGR. Breed differences were: P × P(2) < [M × M(1,2) = P × P(1) = Y × Y(1,2)] for AGC and (P = Y)> M for LTGR, GF, and LTGF. Differences (P < 0.05) between barrows and gilts were found in the P × P and Y × P crosses for AGC but none were found for LTGR. Heterosis estimates for LTGR increased in magnitude with stage of development, but were stable when expressed on a percent basis, and differences between reciprocal crosses remained constant. Heterosis estimates were found to be significant (P < 0.05) for AGC and GF but not for LTGR. Significant (P < 0.05) differences between reciprocal crosses were reported for GF and LTGF but not for AGC. Live animal growth rate was found to be a good predictor of LTGR with R2 ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. Key words: Allometric growth coefficients, feed efficiency, breed differences, heterosis, reciprocal differences, swine

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document