The effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles as an anthelmintic in purebred Suffolk lambs exposed to a natural nematode challenge post weaning

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
B. Good ◽  
J.P. Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Resistance to nematode parasites of sheep to broad spectrum anthelmintics is one of the main drivers in research on alternative solutions for parasite control. Previous work has shown clear differences between the Suffolk and Texel breeds in susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematode infection (Hanrahan & Crowley, 1999; Good, Hanrahan et al., 2006). The Suffolk being more susceptible to such parasitic infections has implications in the Irish industry where it plays a dominant role as both as a terminal sire and in the genetic makeup of the ewe population. Previous work has shown some beneficial anthelmintic effects following the administration of copper oxide wire particles (Bang, Familton et al., 2000; Knox, 2002). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) as an anthelmintic for lambs that were exposed to a natural nematode challenge postweaning.

Pathophysiology of parasitic infections

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (S1) ◽  
pp. S29-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARYParasites can have a wide range of pathophysiological effects on the host. This review describes those associated with some parasites of major importance in man and animals. Haemoprotozoan diseases such as trypanosomiasis and malaria are primarily associated with anaemia. Such anaemias have a complex aetiology involving various mechanisms responsible for red cell destruction as well as possible defects in red cell production. In addition to these haematological effects these diseases are associated with marked disturbances in heart function and the nervous, immune and urinary systems. The other major groups of parasitic diseases are those associated with the gastrointestinal tract. The most advanced studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and have revealed significant effects on feed intake, gastrointestinal function, and protein and energy metabolism. Similar studies have yet to be conducted in other hosts and parasitic diseases. There is also a need to examine in greater detail the factors which can modulate pathophysiological responses by the host to parasitic infections.

The epizootiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Greek dairy breeds of sheep and goats

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Papadopoulos ◽  
G Arsenos ◽  
S Sotiraki ◽  
C Deligiannis ◽  
T Lainas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Nematode Parasites

Ethnoveterinary plant preparations as livestock dewormers: practices, popular beliefs, pitfalls and prospects for the future

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Githiori ◽  
Johan Höglund ◽  
Peter J. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
The Future ◽  
Livestock Health

AbstractEthnomedicine is an integral part of traditional medical practices in many countries of the developing world. A large proportion of the population uses this form of treatment for primary health care and for the treatment of ailments in their livestock. Livestock is a major asset for resource-poor smallholder farmers and pastoralists throughout the world and internal parasites are recognized by these communities as having an impact on livestock health. Parasitic infections are among those infections that traditional healers confidently treat and against which an enormous variety of remedies exist. Many of these are based on the use of plant preparations. Although various methods have been used for the validation of traditional phytomedical preparations, there is a lack of standardization of these procedures. The present study is aimed at providing an overview of ethnoveterinary deworming preparations, the various methods that have been used in their validation and the future prospects for their use against helminth parasites of ruminant livestock in developing countries, with an emphasis on nematode parasites. Recommendations are made on the procedures that should be followed to conduct in vivo and in vitro assays. Fostering better interaction between traditional healers and scientists is advocated to prevent harmful overexploitation, both of local knowledge and of plant species that may have effects against nematode parasites.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematode species diversity in Soay sheep kept in a natural environment without active parasite control

2016 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Sinclair ◽  
Lynsey Melville ◽  
Fiona Sargison ◽  
Fiona Kenyon ◽  
Dan Nussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Soay Sheep

scholarly journals Multiple anthelmintic resistance in Southern Brazil sheep flocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plínio Aguiar de Oliveira ◽  
Beatriz Riet-Correa ◽  
Pablo Estima-Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Barreto Coelho ◽  
Bianca Lemos dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Parasitic Resistance ◽  
The Common

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites represent an important cause of reduced productivity of sheep worldwide. As anthelmintic are still the main control tool for these parasites, this work evaluated the efficacy of commercially available active principles in 22 sheep flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each farm 10 sheep were randomly distributed in seven groups with the following treatments: abamectin; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; trichlorphon and no anthelmintic (control). All flocks showed resistance to at least three anthelmintics and in 20 farms only two products demonstrated efficacy for parasitic control. In two farms, there was no susceptibility to the six active principles tested. The results of this study provide evidence that the common commercially available anthelmintic are not assuring effective chemical control of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ovine flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. Monepantel, the newest introduced drug in the Brazilian market was not effective in 18% of the flocks tested, confirming that the parasitic resistance can be established quickly after the introduction of new molecules mainly when alternative program of parasite control is not performed.

Global perspectives on nematode parasite control in ruminant livestock: the need to adopt alternatives to chemotherapy, with emphasis on biological control

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Grazing Livestock ◽  
Ruminant Livestock

AbstractEffective, sustainable control of nematode parasites of grazing livestock is becoming evermore challenging and difficult. This is largely due to two contrasting issues. One is the rapid escalation of resistance to anthelmintic drugs, which is arguably the greatest problem now facing the small ruminant industries worldwide. Secondly, there is the increasing trend towards organic farming, in which there is prohibition of the prophylactic use of all chemical compounds. Livestock producers urgently need non-chemotherapeutic alternatives in parasite control. Researchers have responded to this challenge and a variety of quite different approaches have been the subject of intense investigation in many countries for several decades now. These vary in relation to their stage of development for on-farm use, their utility, and their applicability across the spectrum of grazing livestock enterprises throughout the world. One relatively recent innovation is the biological control approach to nematode parasites. This has now reached the stage of commercialization. This review focuses on these issues and provides an overview of the possible ways in which the biological control of nematode parasites could be employed in grazing ruminant livestock systems worldwide.

Assessment of genetic variability of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Creole goats in the humid tropics.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Mandonnet ◽  
G Aumont ◽  
J Fleury ◽  
R Arquet ◽  
H Varo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Nematode Parasites

scholarly journals Some larval morphological characteristics of Camelostrongylus mentulatus and Nematodirus spathiger

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
A. Saidi ◽  
R. Mimouni ◽  
F. Hamadi ◽  
W. Oubrou
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Camelostrongylus Mentulatus

Monitoring of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in ruminants (domestic and wild) is often based on fecal examination techniques, looking for excreted eggs and larval forms using morphological keys. These, are more available in domestic ruminants, in which helminths are widely studied, than in wild ruminants.  This study tried to provide certain morphological elements that will help to recognize the L3 larvae of Camelostrongylus mentulatus and Nematodirus spathiger that could parasite either domestic or wild ruminants. For that, we resorted first to the culture of L3 larvae from fecal samples taken from African antelopes, and second by the microscopic characterization of each isolated larval morphological pattern previously identified by sequencing of its internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) regions of the ribosomal DNA. The results of different microscopic captured images showed that Camelostrongylus mentulatus larva is 16 intestinal cells that measuring approximately 820 µm length, ‎≈ 25 µm wide, and ‎≈ 47 µm for its sheath tail extension and by this be closer to Teladorsagia circumcincta characteristics.  For Nematodirus spathiger, it possesses 8 gut cells and measuring about 1020 µm long, ‎≈ 25 µm wide, and‎ ≈ 143 µm for its sheath tail extension with specific tail appendages. Have done this, we were able to get some clarifications on the morphology of the studied larvae, and we believe thus that this study will contribute to the establishment of morphological identification keys especially for parasitic nematodes of wild ruminants.

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