Association of genetic variants of the prolactin gene with milk production traits in Russian Red Pied cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 156-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Alipanah ◽  
Lobov Kalashnikova ◽  
Genadi Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Rsai Polymorphism

Prolactin plays an important regulatory function in mammary gland development, milk secretion, and expression of milk protein genes. Hence the PRL gene is a potential genetic marker of production traits in dairy cattle. The gene was mapped on chromosome 23 by Hallerman et al. (1988). It consists of 5 exons and four introns (Camper et al. 1984) encoding the 199-amino-acid mature protein (Wallis 1974). On the basis of sequence analysis of four different cDNA clones, seven possible nucleotide substitutions were described by Sasavage et al. (1982). One of them, recognized by RsaI endonuclease, has become a popular genetic marker used for genetic characterization of cattle populations by means of PCR-RFLP (Mitra et al., 1995). Two allelic variants (B and b) have been distinguished at the DNA level, based on RsaI polymorphism in the third exon of the coding region. It has been suggested that prolactin alleles correlate with milk yield (Lewin et al., 1992).

scholarly journals Association of genetic variants of bovine <i>prolactin</i> with milk production traits of Black-and-White and Jersey cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dybus ◽  
W. Grzesiak ◽  
H. Kamieniecki ◽  
I. Szatkowska ◽  
Z. Sobek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Rsai Polymorphism ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Jersey Cows

Abstract. Associations between polymorphism localised in the third exon of the prolactin gene (PRL-RsaI) and milk xproduction traits of Black-and-White and Jersey cattle were analysed. A total of 427 cows were included in the study. PCR-RFLP method was used. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were as follows: 0.7107 – AA, 0.2851 – AB, 0.0042 – BB; 0.8533 – PRLA and 0.1467 – PRLB for Black-and-White cattle and 0.0919 – AA, 0.4324 – AB, 0.4757 – BB; 0.3081 – PRLA and 0.6919 – PRLB for Jersey cattle. Statistically significant differences between the breeds were observed in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles. Associations between PRL-RsaI polymorphism and milk production traits of Jersey cows and lack of associations with these traits in Black-and-White cows were observed.

scholarly journals PCR-RFLP Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) C-2402T at the Promoter Region of Prolactin Gene and its Association with Positively Correlated Production Traits in White Leghorn Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhaguraja Manoharan ◽  
S. Sankaralingam ◽  
P. Anitha ◽  
Binoj Chacko ◽  
T.V. Aravindakshan
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Flanking Region

Background: The avian prolactin gene is highly conserved, located on chromosome number 2 and most sequence polymorphisms occurs in the 5’ flanking region, 3’ flanking region, and the coding region of signal peptide. The present study was aimed at the identification of SNP C-2402T of prolactin gene and its association with production traits in White Leghorn chicken. Methods: A total of 200 birds of White Leghorn were selected from All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Poultry improvement (AICRP) farm, Mannuthy. Genomic DNA was isolated from venous blood. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was done to identify the SNP C-2402T of prolactin gene. Result: All the birds were observed with the same genotype CC and the frequency of the C allele was one.

scholarly journals cDNA cloning of human and rat brain myo-inositol monophosphatase. Expression and characterization of the human recombinant enzyme

1992 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
G McAllister ◽  
P Whiting ◽  
E A Hammond ◽  
M R Knowles ◽  
J R Atack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Recombinant Enzyme ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Inositol Monophosphatase ◽  
Human Enzyme ◽  
Key Enzyme

Inositol monophosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25) is a key enzyme in the phosphoinositide cell-signalling system. Its role is to provide inositol required for the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol and polyphosphoinositides. It is the probable pharmacological target for lithium action in brain. Using probes derived from the bovine inositol monophosphatase cDNA we have isolated cDNA clones encoding the human and rat brain enzymes. The enzyme is highly conserved in all three species (79% identical). The coding region of the human cDNA was inserted into a bacterial expression vector. The expressed recombinant enzyme was purified and its biochemical properties examined. The human enzyme is very similar to the bovine enzyme.

Cloning and Characterization of Chicken CRBP2 Gene and Comparison with other Vertebrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 678-682
Author(s):  
Li Hua Xiao ◽  
Fan Li Kong ◽  
Hua Dong Yin ◽  
Xiao Ling Zhao ◽  
Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small Intestinal Villus ◽  
Molecular Nature

Cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2), a vitamin A binding protein expressed specifically in small intestinal villus absorptive cells, plays a pivotal role in the intestinal vitamin A absorption, transport, and metabolism pathways. In this study, we cloned the entire coding region of chicken CRBP2 gene. The amplified fragment contains entire coding region sequence with 408 nucleotides, which putatively codes 135 AA. By comparing nine vertebrates, the homology of nucleotide sequences is from 52.3% to 99.8%, while the similarity of AA sequence ranged from 72.4% to 99.3%. Results showed that the CRBP2 gene was conservative among different animal species. This work constructed the basis for further research on the molecular nature and genetic markers of CRBP2 for improving egg production traits in chicken.

scholarly journals Evaluation of SCD, ACACA and FASN Mutations: Effects on Pork Quality and Other Production Traits in Pigs Selected Based on RNA-Seq Results

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Piórkowska ◽  
Martyna Małopolska ◽  
Katarzyna Ropka-Molik ◽  
Magdalena Szyndler-Nędza ◽  
Angelika Wiechniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Pcr Rflp

In recent years, pig producers have struggled with the problem of low intramuscular fat levels in pork, which impacts palatability and ultimately meat quality. Reduced levels of intramuscular fat are likely the result of breeding objectives aimed at increasing lean meat content. In this study, three mutations within candidate genes for fat content (SCD, ACACA, and FASN) were selected, based on RNA-seq results and the relationship between polymorphisms in genes related to lipid metabolism, fattening and slaughter characteristics, as well as pork quality, including IMF level, were evaluated to identify selection markers. Moreover, their impact on gene expression was also examined. The PCR–RFLP (polymerase cha- in reaction – restriction fragments length) method was used to establish genotypes and effect sizes of potential genetic markers were estimated using a GLM model. It was identified that a FASN missense variant was positively associated with the expression level of this gene, which suggested its linkage with a mutation having a regulatory function. The association study indicated that the FASN missense variant may play a role in the determination of feed conversion and meat colour. In turn, a mutation in the ACACA gene showed a relationship with IMF content in the Puławska breed where the differences reached as much as 20%. We suggest considering all three mutations in further studies based on different pig populations due to the crucial role of SCD, ACACA, and FASN genes in lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Sequence Characterization of theMC1RGene in Yak (Poephagus grunniens) Breeds with Different Coat Colors

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yi Chen ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Qing Zhu ◽  
Luca Fontanesi ◽  
Yong-Gang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Color ◽  
Extracellular Loop ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Functional Effect ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
Potential Association

Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene plays a key role in determining coat color in several species, including the cattle. However, up to now there is no report regarding theMC1Rgene and the potential association of its mutations with coat colors in yak (Poephagus grunniens). In this study, we sequenced the encoding region of theMC1Rgene in three yak breeds with completely white (Tianzhu breed) or black coat color (Jiulong and Maiwa breeds). The predicted coding region of the yakMC1Rgene resulted of 954 bp, the same to that of the wild-type cattle sequence, with >99% identity. None of the mutation events reported in cattle was found. Comparing the yak obtained sequences, five nucleotide substitutions were detected, which defined three haplotypes (EY1,EY2, andEY3). Of the five mutations, two, characterizing theEY1haplotype, were nonsynonymous substitutions (c.340C>A and c.871G>A) causing amino acid changes located in the first extracellular loop (p.Q114K) and in the seventh transmembrane region (p.A291T).In silicoprediction might indicate a functional effect of the latter substitution. However, all three haplotypes were present in the three yak breeds with relatively consistent frequency distribution, despite of their distinguished coat colors, which suggested that there was no across-breed association between haplotypes or genotypes and black/white phenotypes, at least in the investigated breeds. Other genes may be involved in affecting coat color in the analyzed yaks.

Isolation and characterization of calmodulin genes from Xenopus laevis

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513
Author(s):  
Y H Chien ◽  
I B Dawid
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Electric Eel ◽  
Complete Protein

Two cDNAs derived from Xenopus laevis calmodulin mRNA have been cloned. Both cDNAs contain the complete protein-coding region and various lengths of untranslated segments. The two cDNAs encode an identical protein but differ from each other by 5% nucleotide substitutions. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions, to the extent available, are highly homologous between the two cDNAs. The predicted sequence of X. laevis calmodulin is identical to that of vertebrate calmodulins from mammals and chickens and shows one substitution compared with electric eel calmodulin. Genomic DNA sequences homologous to each of the two cDNA clones have been isolated and were shown to account for the major calmodulin-coding DNA sequences in X. laevis. These data suggest that X. laevis carries two active, nonallelic calmodulin genes. Although no complete analysis has been carried out, it appears that the X. laevis calmodulin genes are interrupted by at least four introns. The relative concentrations of calmodulin mRNA have been estimated in different embryonic stages and adult tissues and found to vary by up to a factor of 10. The highest levels of calmodulin mRNA were found in ovaries, testes, and brains. In these three tissues, the two calmodulin genes appear to be expressed at approximately equal levels.

Regulation of Hoxc-8 during mouse embryonic development: identification and characterization of critical elements involved in early neural tube expression

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 4339-4347 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Shashikant ◽  
C.J. Bieberich ◽  
H.G. Belting ◽  
J.C. Wang ◽  
M.A. Borbely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Reporter Gene Analysis ◽  
Combinatorial Interactions

We have characterized cis-acting elements that direct the early phase of Hoxc-8 expression using reporter gene analysis in transgenic mice. By deletion we show that a 135 bp DNA fragment, located approximately 3 kb upstream of the coding region of Hoxc-8, is capable of directing posterior neural tube expression. This early neural tube (ENT) enhancer consists of four separate elements, designated A, B, C and D, whose nucleotide sequences are similar to binding sites of known transcription factors. Nucleotide substitutions suggest that element A is an essential component of the ENT enhancer. However element A by itself is incapable of directing neural tube expression. This element requires interactions at any two of the other three elements, B, C or D. Thus, the components of the ENT enhancer direct neural tube expression in an interdependent manner. We propose that Hoxc-8 is activated in the neural tube by combinatorial interactions among several proteins acting within a small region. Our transgenic analyses provide a means to identify transcription factors that regulate Hoxc-8 expression during embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Puumala Hantavirus to Cell Culture Is Associated with Point Mutations in the Coding Region of the L Segment and in the Noncoding Regions of the S Segment

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 8793-8800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Nemirov ◽  
Åke Lundkvist ◽  
Antti Vaheri ◽  
Alexander Plyusnin
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutations ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Puumala Virus ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Noncoding Regions ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
L Segment

ABSTRACT We previously developed a model for studies on hantavirus host adaptation and initiated genetic analysis of Puumala virus variants passaged in colonized bank voles and in cultured Vero E6 cells. With the data presented in this paper, the sequence comparison of the wild-type and Vero E6-adapted variants of Puumala virus, strain Kazan, has been completed. The only amino acid substitution that distinguished the two virus variants was found in the L protein, Ser versus Phe at position 2053. Another mutation found in the L segment, the silent transition C1053U, could result from the selection of a variant with altered L RNA folding. Nucleotide substitutions observed in individual L cDNA clones, most of them A→G and U→C transitions, suggested that the population of L RNA molecules is represented by quasispecies. The mutation frequency in the L segment quasispecies appeared to be similar to the corresponding values for the S and M quasispecies. Analysis of the cDNA clones with the complete S segment sequences from passage 20 confirmed our earlier conclusion that the cell-adapted genotype of the virus is represented mostly by variants with mutated S segment noncoding regions. However, the spectrum of the S segment quasispecies appeared to be changing, suggesting that, after the initial adaptation (passages 1 to 11), the viral population is still being driven by selection for variants with higher fitness.

scholarly journals Genotyping of the polymorphism within exon 3 of prolactin gene in various dairy breeds by PCR RFLP (Brief report)

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ratna Kumari ◽  
K. M. Singh ◽  
K. J. Soni ◽  
R. K. Patel ◽  
J. B. Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Transition Mutation

Abstract. In mammals, especially dairy cattle the prolactin has important functions like the development of mammary gland affecting milk yield and composition. It has been mapped to chromosome 23 in Bovine (HALLERMAN et al., 1988). A silent A→G transition mutation at the codon for amino acid 103 in exon 3 of bovine prolactin (bPRL) gene gives rise to a polymorphic Rsa I site, has become a popular genetic marker used for genetic characterization of cattle populations by means of PCR-RFLP (MITRA et al., 1995; CHRENEK et al., 1998; DYBUS, 2005). The present study reports on the genotype frequencies observed in various Bos taurus and Bos indicus dairy cattle breeds.

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