Effect of feeding lactose on rumen metabolism in-vitro and in-vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
A. Hussain ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Lactose Fermentation ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Inclusion of lactose in dairy cow rations increases dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (Garnsworthy 1996). This may be due to the relatively slow rate of lactose fermentation ( Hussain and Miller, 1998) sustaining better regulation of rumen pH and also possible consequence for microbial protein synthesis (Chamberlain et al., 1993).This experiment was conducted to study the changes in rumen environment over the adaptation period and effect of these changes on the fermentation of lactose itself.Three Suffolk wethers (b.wt 56± 7.36 kg) maintained on hay and concentrate (600:400) were offered 50g lactose per day for 16 days. Rumen liquor collected on dayO (before offering lactose), 4, 8, 12 and 16 was used to measure gas production from sucrose and lactose ( Menke et al., 1979). On these days rumen samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs after the morning feed. Rumen pH, ammonia N (NH3 N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured. At 8 hrs time rumen samples were also taken for protozoa enumeration. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA procedure of Genstat 5.

Effect of feeding lactose on rumen metabolism in-vitro and in-vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 168-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hussain ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Lactose Fermentation ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Inclusion of lactose in dairy cow rations increases dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (Garnsworthy 1996). This may be due to the relatively slow rate of lactose fermentation ( Hussain and Miller, 1998) sustaining better regulation of rumen pH and also possible consequence for microbial protein synthesis (Chamberlain et al., 1993).This experiment was conducted to study the changes in rumen environment over the adaptation period and effect of these changes on the fermentation of lactose itself.Three Suffolk wethers (b.wt 56± 7.36 kg) maintained on hay and concentrate (600:400) were offered 50g lactose per day for 16 days. Rumen liquor collected on dayO (before offering lactose), 4, 8, 12 and 16 was used to measure gas production from sucrose and lactose ( Menke et al., 1979). On these days rumen samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs after the morning feed. Rumen pH, ammonia N (NH3N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured. At 8 hrs time rumen samples were also taken for protozoa enumeration. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA procedure of Genstat 5.

Investigating Eremophila glabra as a bioactive agent for preventing lactic acidosis in sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Hutton ◽  
Z. Durmic ◽  
P. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Australian Native Plant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Higher Doses

The Australian native plant Eremophila glabra was tested as a potential agent for preventing lactic acidosis in sheep after it was observed to be effective against acidosis in vitro. Ruminally fistulated wethers were infused via rumen cannula with single doses of kibbled wheat (14 g/kg bodyweight) and either virginiamycin (Eskalin500; AB, 80 mg/kg of wheat plus 100 g milled oaten hay/kg of wheat, n = 6), E. glabra (EG, 100 g freeze-dried and milled leaf material per kg of wheat, n = 10) or milled oaten hay (Control, 100 g milled oaten hay/kg of wheat, n = 16). Rumen samples were collected immediately before infusion and then 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h after the infusion. The samples were analysed for pH, D-lactate, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and osmolality. Rumen pH and D-lactate values indicative of acidosis were detected in the Control and EG groups. The pH nadir of the rumen was 12 h after the wheat infusion, at which time the values in the EG (pH = 4.87) and Control (pH = 5.09) groups were lower (P < 0.05) than in the AB group (pH = 5.63) and the D-lactate concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the EG and Control groups (24 mmol/L and 15 mmol/L, respectively) than in the AB group (0.9 mmol/L). At the same time, total VFA concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the AB group (102 mmol/L) than in the Control (65 mmol/L) and the EG (14 mmol/L) groups. Rumen osmolality did not differ between groups. Virginiamycin was effective at preventing lactic acidosis. However, the inclusion of dried leaves from E. glabra at a similar level that was effective in vitro did not prevent lactic acidosis in vivo, and the reasons behind this remain unclear. The study demonstrates the difficulty in converting in vitro results to in vivo and highlights the need to test the plant at higher doses in vivo.

The effect of host diet on the gas production profile of hay and high-temperature dried grass

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Huntington ◽  
C. Rymer ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Donor Animal ◽  
Host Diet

AbstractOne of the sources of variation in the in vitro gas production (GP) technique is the inoculum source that is used and this could be greatly affected by the diet that is given to the donor animal. To study the effect of the host diet on the gas production profiles of grass hay and high temperature dried grass, two cows were offered either a silage: barley diet (80:20 dry-matter (DM) basis; GSB) or barley straw (ad libitum; STR). An adaptation period of 3 weeks was used and each animal experienced each diet type twice. Rumen fluid and solids were collected at the end of each 3-week period and used to inoculate the substrate cultures. The volume of gas produced (mllg DM) was 379 and 289 for GSB and STR respectively; gas yield (mllg organic matter degraded) was 442 and 411. The maximum fractional rates of degradation (per h) were 0·067 and 0·061 and the time (h) taken to reach these rates were 5·3 and 12·6. None of these differences was significant. There were also no significant differences in the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the final incubation media, or in the molar proportions of individual VFA. These results suggest that the fermentation stoichiometry was not affected by donor animal diet and, while microbial activity from STR was lower, this did not significantly affect the GP profile. The difference in microbial activity between the two diets was perhaps minimized by taking the sample of rumen contents before the morning meal.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Co-products Modified the Rumen Parameters of Feedlot Lambs but did not Change Methane Production In Vitro*

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliéder Prates Romanzini ◽  
Américo Garcia Da Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Roberta De Lima Valença ◽  
Thiago Henrique Borghi ◽  
Fernanda De Almeida Merlim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

Background: Intensification of livestock is a strategy that increases productivity, but the diets used to increase animal production efficiency are composed mainly of corn and soybean, thereby increasing competition between animals and humans for the same food crops. This study evaluated nutrient intake, apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, kinetics of gas production, and concentration of volatile fatty acids on diets with or without inclusion of biodiesel co-products formulated for feedlot lambs. So, the hypothesis is that replace of traditional ingredients by biodiesel co-products changes rumen parameters and methane emissions.Material, Methods & Results: The experiment was developed in São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal/SP, Brazil, in Sheep Production Laboratory, which is owned to Animal Science Department. All trials developed in this study used a feedlot system, where animals were kept in individual pen. Forty Ile de France lambs male non-castrated were used in in vivo trial. To obtain rumen fluid, that was used in in vitro trial, four Santa Inês lambs with rumen cannula were used. The treatments evaluated were four diets: Control diet: roughage + concentrate; PM20: roughage + concentrate with peanut meal (PM) at 20% of DM; CG25: roughage + concentrate with crude glycerin (CG) at 25% of DM; and PMCG: roughage + concentrate with PM at 10% of DM and CG at 12.5% of DM. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 40:60 for all these diets. The parameters of the in vitro and in vivo experiments used were completely randomized with four treatments. When significant, the means between treatments were compared using Tukey test (P < 0.05). There was no effect of co-product inclusion on intake, except ether extract and neutral detergent fiber, which were higher for PM20 compared with CG25 diet. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (79.87%) and some nutrients (organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber) was higher (P < 0.05) with CG25 diet. In vitro cumulative gas production was greater in CG25 and PMCG compared to the other diets, at early measurement points (2, 4, 6, and 10 h). The concentrations of methane, volatile fatty acids, and acetate:propionate ratio in vitro did not differ (P > 0.05) among diets.Discussion: Probably the high quality of the glycerin used (83.9% glycerol, 12.01% humidity, 3.79% salts, and 0.28% organic matter, no fat, as described by the manufacturer) may explain the low EE concentration observed in the diet using only crude glycerin and the observed lack of DMI effects in all diets. About apparent digestibility, the greater values measured for crude protein can be explained by superior synchronism during fermentation of the proteins and carbohydrates in the diet. The data showed that treatment CG25 obtained higher initial gas production, followed by treatment PMCG which contained 12.5% crude glycerin. Probably these results were caused by the greater apparent digestibility of DM in treatments that included crude glycerin. Our results of volatile fatty acid concentration are different from the decrease in molar proportion of acetic acid and increase of propionic acid described by several authors, with the inclusion of glycerin in the diet. However, the absence of effect by co-product inclusion on the molar proportion of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids measured in this trial reinforce the report from other authors that affirmed the same situation. Hence, the inclusion of PM at 20% of DM and CG at 25% of DM could successfully replace the traditional diets of feedlot lambs such as soybean and corn, respectively, without damages to intake and ruminal parameters in vitro.

scholarly journals Effects of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) age and different forage: concentrate ratios on methanogenesis

2015 ◽  
pp. 4726-4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ramírez ◽  
Sandra Posada O ◽  
Ricardo Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate the effect of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) harvested at two different ages and three forage: concentrate supplement ratios (F/C) on methane (CH4) production, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and fermentation profile using the in vitro gas production technique. Materials and methods. six treatments, resulting from the combination of pasture age (30 or 60 days) and F/C (100/0, 75/25, or 50/50) were evaluated using a 2x3 factorial design. The response variables were measured 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after incubation. A repeated-measure over time design was used to analyze the data, and differences between means were determined with the LSMEANS procedure of SAS. Results. the youngest grass (30 days) was more digestible, produced less CH4 per gram of digestible dry matter (dDM) and more total volatile fatty acids (VFA) compared to the oldest grass (60 days; p <0.05). Reductions of the F/C ratio increased DMD and CH4 production per gram of dDM (p<0.05) but had no significant effect on VFA concentration (p>0.05). Conclusions. under in vitro conditions and pH close to neutrality, the older grass reduces DMD and increases CH4 production per gram of dDM, while a F/C reduction increases DMD and CH4 production per gram of dDM, which differs with reports conducted in vivo.

In vitro fermentability and methane production of some alternative forages in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Durmic ◽  
P. J. Moate ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
J. Vadhanabhuti ◽  
P. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

A study was conducted to examine in vitro ruminal fermentation profiles and methane production of some alternative forage species (n = 10) in Australia. Extent of fermentation was assessed using an in vitro batch fermentation system, where total gas production, methane production, and concentrations in ruminal fluid of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia were measured. Forages varied in their fermentability, with highest total gas, methane, VFA and ammonia production recorded from selected samples of Brassica napus L. cv. Winfred. Lowest methane production (i.e. 30% less than that formed by the highest-producing one) was observed in Plantago lanceolata L. cv. Tonic and Cichorium intybus L. cv. Choice. Selected plants, including P. lanceolata L. cv. Tonic, Brassica rapa L. cv. Marco, Brassica napus L. cv. Hunter had reduced acetate : propionate ratio and/or ammonia concentration, along with relatively low methane production compared with other species tested, while overall fermentation was not affected. It was concluded that selected novel forages have some advantageous fermentability profiles in the rumen and, in particular, inhibit methane production. However, before these can be recommended as valuable supplementary feedstuffs for ruminants in Australia, further studies are needed to confirm these effects over a range of samples, conditions and in vivo.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Mitigation Responded to Flavonoid Extract Levels from Alternanthera sissoo and Dietary Ratios

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sukruthai Sommai ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Two experiments were conducted under this study: Experiment 1 was to study production yield, chemical composition, and in vitro degradability of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo; BS) leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk at various maturity ages of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after plantation and regrowth and Experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of flavonoid extract from BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk and dietary ratios on ruminal gas production, fermentation characteristics, and in vitro degradability. Experiment 1 showed that maturity ages after planting and regrowth increased, the yield significantly increased. Increasing maturity ages significantly (p < 0.05) increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content and decreased crude protein content, total flavonoid (TF) content, and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Maturity ages from 15 to 30 days after plantation and regrowth resulted (p < 0.05) the highest TF content and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Thus, BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk samples from 15 to 30 days of age were used for flavonoid extraction and used in the Experiment 2. Experiment 2 was conducted according to a 3 × 5 factorial experiment. Three roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratios at 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 were used, and five levels of flavonoid extract (FE) at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of substrate dry matter (DM) were supplemented. Experiment 2 showed that R:C ratio and FE had an interaction effect only on acetate to propionate ratio. Varying R:C ratios significantly increased (p < 0.05) in vitro DM degradability, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate (C3) concentration. FE supplementation linearly (p < 0.05) increased total VFA and C3 concentration and decreased methane production and protozoal population. This study could conclude that FE from BS could effectively modulate ruminal fermentation and decrease methane production. However, in vivo study needs to elucidate in order to validate the present results.

scholarly journals An investigation on chemical/mineral compositions, ruminal microbial fermentation, and feeding value of some leaves as alternative forages for finishing goats during the dry season

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Partial Substitution

AbstractFinding new fodder resources with moderate to high nutritional value that are cheaper and available is one of the most challenges in livestock industries. Hence, the nutritive value of some tree leaves (quince, pear, olive, mirabelle plum, greengage, sour cherry, and persimmon) was investigated by different laboratories and in vitro methods. Also, partial substitution of alfalfa and corn silage (50%) with these leaves was investigated using forty-eight goats in a randomized complete block design in vivo. Highest total phenol and tannin contents were obtained in quince (p < 0.001). Greengage (146.37 g/kg DM) and persimmon (136.96 g/kg DM) exhibited the highest crude protein, respectively (p < 0.001). Calcium content (19.82 g/kg DM) was highest in persimmon leaves (p < 0.001). Greengage (66.07 mmol/L) and mirabelle plum (65.58 mmol/L) produced more total volatile fatty acids in the culture medium, respectively (p < 0.001). Potential gas production ranged from 39.65 mL for pear to 55.32 mL mirabelle plum. Sour cherry had the highest acid–base buffering capacity (183.73 mEq × 10–3, p < 0.001). Highest dry matter intake (1087 g/day) and crude protein digestibility (70.80 %) were observed in diets containing greengage (p < 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity of serum increased when olive, quince, and persimmon were considered in goats feeding (p < 0.001). Although all studied leaves can be fed in diets of goats without deleterious effects on performance, serum, and hematology parameters, in vivo and in vitro results indicated that greengage in terms of nutritive value was superior to other studied leaves.

scholarly journals Effects of Microalgae Species on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Methane Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Sucu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to establish the effects of two types of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris (AI), C. variabilis (AII) and their combination (AI+AII)] with two substrates (wheat and corn silages) on rumen fermentation, gas and methane production. To each substrate, one of 3 algae treatment was supplemented at 0% and 25% of the total incubated dry matter. A series of 5 measurement points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) were completed and the gas production was monitored. The proximate and mineral composition of microalgae and substrates were examined. At 48 h incubation rumen fermentation variables and CH4 production were also assessed. When compared with wheat silage, corn silage caused an increase in gas production (P<0.05). Ruminal gas production decreased in the algae groups when compared to the controls (0% algae, wheat and corn silages, P<0.05). Among algae, C. vulgaris had the strongest effect, decreasing gas production by 34%. Among algae, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production were found to be lower in C. variabilis (P<0.001). Ammonia-N increased with the algae inclusion (P<0.05). But, the ruminal gas production, pH, acetate, the total VFA, CH4 and rumen fermentation efficiency were not affected by the substrate and algae interaction (P>0.05). The propionate was the highest (P<0.05) for corn silage when incubated with C. vulgaris. Ruminal butyrate was the lowest for the wheat silage when incubated with the mixture of algae (P<0.05). The NH3-N was the highest in corn silage when incubated with all algae types (P<0.05). Careful selection and combination of substrate and algae may positively manipulate rumen fermentation and may inhibit CH4 production. Further research is needed to validate these results in vivo.

scholarly journals In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3112
Author(s):  
Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia ◽  
Rebecca Danielsson ◽  
Mohammad Ramin ◽  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ch4 Production

This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH4 emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters fed the same diet were selected on the basis of residual CH4 production, and rumen fluid taken from each pair incubated separately in the in vitro gas production system. In total, seven in vitro incubations were performed with inoculums taken from low and high CH4 emitting cows incubated in two substrates differing in forage-to-concentrate proportion, each without or with the addition of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) as an inhibitor of CH4 production. Except for the aimed differences in CH4 production, no statistical differences were detected among groups of low and high emitters either in in vivo animal performance or rumen fermentation profile prior to the in vitro incubations. The effect of in vivo ranking was poorly replicated in in vitro conditions after 48 h of anaerobic fermentation. Instead, the effects of diet and CNSL were more consistent. The inclusion of 50% barley in the diet (SB) increased both asymptotic gas production by 17.3% and predicted in vivo CH4 by 26.2%, when compared to 100% grass silage (S) substrate, respectively. The SB diet produced on average more propionate (+28 mmol/mol) and consequently less acetate compared to the S diet. Irrespective of CH4 emitter group, CNSL decreased predicted in vivo CH4 (26.7 vs. 11.1 mL/ g of dry matter; DM) and stoichiometric CH4 (CH4VFA; 304 vs. 235 moles/mol VFA), with these being also reflected in decreased total gas production per unit of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial structure was assessed on rumen fluid sampled prior to in vitro incubation, by sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) did not show any differences between groups. Some differences appeared of relative abundance between groups in some specific OTUs mainly related to Prevotella. Genus Methanobrevibacter represented 93.7 ± 3.33% of the archaeal sequences. There were no clear differences between groups in relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document