scholarly journals HOW APPLIED MATHEMATICS BECAME PURE

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENELOPE MADDY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
The World

This paper traces the evolution of thinking on how mathematics relates to the world—from the ancients, through the beginnings of mathematized science in Galileo and Newton, to the rise of pure mathematics in the nineteenth century. The goal is to better understand the role of mathematics in contemporary science.

The National and the Universal

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-386
Author(s):  
Sarah Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Johann Gottfried Herder ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the continuities between the categories of the “national” and the “universal” in the nineteenth century. It construes these categories as interrelated efforts to create a “world” on various scales. The chapter explores the perceived role of music as a world-making medium within these discourses. It argues that the increased exposure to cultural difference and the interpretation of that cultural difference as distant in time and space shaped a conception of “humanity” in terms of a universal history of world cultures. The chapter reexamines those early nineteenth-century thinkers whose work became inextricably linked with the rise of exclusivist notions of nationalism in the late nineteenth century, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and John Stuart Mill. It draws from their respective treatment of music to recover their early commitment to universalizable principles and their view that the “world” is something that must be actively created rather than empirically observed.

Anglospheres: Empire Redivivus?

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Bell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Union

This chapter will explore the similarities and differences between late nineteenth-century debates on the British settler Empire and more recent visions of the Anglosphere. It suggests that the idea of the Anglosphere has deep roots in British political thought. In particular, it traces the debates over both imperial federation and Anglo-American union from the late nineteenth century onwards into the post-Brexit world. I examine three recurrent issues that have shaped arguments about the unity and potential of the ‘English-speaking peoples’: the ideal constitutional structure of the community; the economic model that it should adopt; and the role of the United States within it. I conclude by arguing that the legacy of settler colonialism, and an idealised vision of the ‘English-speaking peoples’, played a pivotal role in shaping Tory Euroscepticism from the late 1990s onwards, furnishing an influential group of politicians and public intellectuals, from Thatcher and Robert Conquest to Boris Johnson and Andrew Roberts, with an alternative non-European vision of Britain’s place in the world.

Sarah as victim and perpetrator: Whiteness, power, and memory in the matriarchal narrative

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-499
Author(s):  
Jayme R. Reaves
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
White Women ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
American Slavery ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
The World

Womanist biblical interpretation tradition calls for white women to see themselves, not as the marginalized character, but as the text’s oppressor. The text, and a community who reads that same text and has daily experiences of oppression, asks white women to recognize that, because of our position in society, we have wittingly or unwittingly been in the role of Sarah more often than we have been in the role of Hagar. Therefore, we have a responsibility to take that reality seriously by acknowledging it, delving deeper, being receptive to challenge, and allowing it to transform how we view, and operate within, the world. This article expands on and models this approach by acknowledging the ways in which the Sarah narrative has been read by white women, with a particular view to nineteenth-century historical readings in the context of American slavery as well as with an awareness of whiteness and white privilege. It seeks to dig deeper into the text to understand the fullness of Sarah’s experience as both victim and perpetrator, to hear the challenge to whiteness and privilege, and to find a way to read the text that speaks to the lived experience of the oppressed as well as giving challenge to the privileged.

Financing Antebellum Importers: The Role of Brown Bros. & Co. in Baltimore

1971 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin J. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
International Banking ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
The World

The House of Brown was a major international banking firm during the nineteenth century. The leading banking houses such as Baring Brothers and the Browns facilitated the flow of goods throughout the world by providing a range of services vital to international commerce. Mr. Perkins examines the manner in which the firm did business in a large American port on the eve of the Civil War.

Marxism, Religion and the Taiping Revolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Boer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Revolution

This study offers a specific interpretation of the Taiping Revolution in China in the mid-nineteenth century. It was not only the largest revolutionary movement in the world at the time, but also one that was inspired by Christianity. Indeed, it marks the moment when the revolutionary religious tradition arrived in China. My account of the revolution stresses the role of the Bible, its radical reinterpretation by the Taiping revolutionaries, and the role it played in their revolutionary acts and reconstruction of economic and social relations. After providing this account, I raise a number of implications for Marxist approaches to religion. These involve the revolutionary religious tradition, first identified by Engels and established by Karl Kautsky, the question of political ambivalence of a religion like Christianity, and the distinction between ontological and temporal transcendence.

Art and civic culture in Birmingham in the late nineteenth century

Urban History ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Hartnell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Municipal Reforms

This paper looks at Joseph Chamberlain's Birmingham and claims that George Dawson's famous ‘civic gospel’ which laid the ground for the municipal reforms was permeated by a consensus view of the moral and civic role of art. It suggests that it was this combination of philosophy in action through art which created the special Birmingham context for a vibrant civic culture which led to the political and artistic achievements of the 1870s and 1880s. For a few brief years, this combination enabled Birmingham to stand above other British cities and lay claim to the titles of ‘the best-governed city in the world’ and ‘perhaps the most artistic town in England’.

scholarly journals Revisiting the language factor in Zionism: The Hebrew Language Council from 1904 to 1914

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlker Aytürk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The Prestige

AbstractThe role of language and linguistic-philological studies in the nationalist movements of the nineteenth century received much attention. The aim of this article is to focus on the language factor in Zionism and the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language in the Yishuv between 1904 and 1914. Founded in 1904, the Hebrew Language Council was expected to enhance the process of revival and, from the very beginning, an unmistakably nationalist attitude to its subject matter marked the Council's agenda. However, the authority of the Council to make binding decisions on linguistic matters was contested by a number of other Zionist institutions, a development which ruined the prestige and effectiveness of the Council. The controversy resulted less from a turf war or quarrels over scarce resources than a deeper question of which institution represented the “true” Hebraic spirit. The World Zionist Organization's decision to de-align from cultural matters, including the revival of Hebrew, worsened the conditions under which the Council operated. From a comparative perspective, thus, the Hebrew case provides an unusual case of linguistic nationalism, which should be of interest to students of both nationalism and sociolinguistics.

The Overproduction of Truth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Pacchioni
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
Science Production

The way science is done has changed radically in the last years. The personal reflections and experiences of a protagonist help us to understand the mechanisms of contemporary science. A system where passion, dedication and reliability, have increasingly less room, pressed by hard market laws. From vocation of a few, science has become the profession of many, possibly too many. With consequences and risks, such as the increase of frauds, plagiarism, but in particular with a huge amount of scientific publications, often of little relevance. The solution? A slow approach with more emphasis to quality than quantity, that helps us to rediscover the central role of a responsible scientist. The work is a critical review and assessment of present-day policies and behaviors in science production and publication, touching upon the tumultuous growth of scientific Journals, in parallel to the growth of self-declared scientists over the world. Along with personal reminiscences of times past, the author investigates the loopholes and hoaxes of pretended Journals and non-existing Congresses, so common nowadays in the scientific arena. The troubles with bibliometric indices are also discussed, as resulting in large part from the above distortions of science life.

Two sculptor-geologists and the perception of marble in nineteenth-century Britain: Sir Francis Chantrey and William Brindley

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
M. G. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Carrara Marble ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
The World

This article focuses on two British sculptors who straddled the worlds of practical geology and sculpture in the nineteenth century, and in particular how their work affected the scientific and popular understanding of marble. Francis Chantrey and William Brindley were both long-term members of the Geological Society of London and contributed practical understanding of stone to the development of the geological discourse on white and coloured decorative marbles. This article looks at Chantrey’s use of fossiliferous British ‘marbles’ and his role in the growing comprehension of Carrara marble as a metamorphosed limestone in the 1830s. The second part of the article deals with William Brindley’s discovery and popularization of coloured marbles from ancient quarries around the world, and the role of these stones in contemporary imperialist discourse.

The Civil War and U.S. World Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Sexton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
World Power ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The World

Jay Sexton’s opening essay focuses on the role of the Civil War in the realization of U.S. national and global power in the nineteenth century. Though the Civil War gave evidence of the immense military and economic power of the United States, he shows, the projection of that power on the world stage also required foreign collaboration.

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