The National and the Universal

The World ◽

Respective Treatment ◽

This chapter examines the continuities between the categories of the “national” and the “universal” in the nineteenth century. It construes these categories as interrelated efforts to create a “world” on various scales. The chapter explores the perceived role of music as a world-making medium within these discourses. It argues that the increased exposure to cultural difference and the interpretation of that cultural difference as distant in time and space shaped a conception of “humanity” in terms of a universal history of world cultures. The chapter reexamines those early nineteenth-century thinkers whose work became inextricably linked with the rise of exclusivist notions of nationalism in the late nineteenth century, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and John Stuart Mill. It draws from their respective treatment of music to recover their early commitment to universalizable principles and their view that the “world” is something that must be actively created rather than empirically observed.

Geopolitics of Comparison: World Literature Avant la Lettre

Comparative Literature ◽

10.1215/00104124-8993912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 255-269

Author(s):

Waïl S. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Comparative Literature ◽

World Literature ◽

Medieval Period ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

Abstract According to a well-known narrative, the concept of Weltliteratur and its academic correlative, the discipline of comparative literature, originated in Germany and France in the early nineteenth century, influenced by the spread of scientism and nationalism. But there is another genesis story that begins in the late eighteenth century in Spain and Italy, countries with histories entangled with the Arab presence in Europe during the medieval period. Emphasizing the role of Arabic in the formation of European literatures, Juan Andrés wrote the first comparative history of “all literature,” before the concepts of Weltliteratur and comparative literature gained currency. The divergence of the two genesis stories is the result of competing geopolitical interests, which determine which literatures enter into the sphere of comparison, on what terms, within which paradigms, and under what ideological and discursive conditions.

The Age of Mass Child Removal in Spain

10.1093/oso/9780192844576.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Anderson

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Juvenile Court ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Juvenile Courts ◽

Efficient System ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Democratic Regimes ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

The Rich

This book analyses the ideas and practices that underpinned the age of mass child removal. This era emerged from growing criticisms across the world of ‘dangerous’ parents and the developing belief in the nineteenth century that the state could provide superior guardianship to ‘unfit’ parents. In the late nineteenth century, the juvenile court movement led the way in forging a new and more efficient system of child removal that severely curtailed the previously highly protected sovereignty of guardians deemed dangerous. This transnational movement rapidly established courts across the world and used them to train the personnel and create the systems that frequently lay behind mass child removal. Spaniards formed a significant part of this transnational movement and the country’s juvenile courts became involved in the three main areas of removal that characterize the age: the taking of children from poor families, from families displaced by war, and from political opponents. The study of Spanish case files reveals much about how the removal process worked in practice across time and across democratic regimes and dictatorships. It also affords an insight into the rich array of child-removal practices that lay between the poles of coercion and victimhood. Accordingly, the book further offers a history of some of most marginalized parents and children and recaptures their voice, agency, and experience. It also analyses the removal of tens of thousands of children from General Franco’s political opponents, sometimes referred to as the lost children of Francoism, through the history and practice of the juvenile courts.

Introduction

Evolution Before Darwin ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445788.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bill Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Great Britain ◽

Natural History ◽

Evolutionary Theories ◽

Evolutionary Thought ◽

The introduction sets the scene by exploring the role of Edinburgh as a centre for the development and propagation of pre-Darwinian evolutionary theories. It gives essential background on natural history in the Scottish capital in early nineteenth century and the history of evolutionary thought and outlines the aims and objectives of the book. In addition, it explores some of the historiographical issues raised by earlier historians of science who have discussed the role of Edinburgh in the development of evolutionary thought in Great Britain.

Anglospheres: Empire Redivivus?

The Anglosphere ◽

10.5871/bacad/9780197266618.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 38-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duncan Bell

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

The United States ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Deep Roots ◽

The World ◽

English Speaking ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Anglo American ◽

American Union

This chapter will explore the similarities and differences between late nineteenth-century debates on the British settler Empire and more recent visions of the Anglosphere. It suggests that the idea of the Anglosphere has deep roots in British political thought. In particular, it traces the debates over both imperial federation and Anglo-American union from the late nineteenth century onwards into the post-Brexit world. I examine three recurrent issues that have shaped arguments about the unity and potential of the ‘English-speaking peoples’: the ideal constitutional structure of the community; the economic model that it should adopt; and the role of the United States within it. I conclude by arguing that the legacy of settler colonialism, and an idealised vision of the ‘English-speaking peoples’, played a pivotal role in shaping Tory Euroscepticism from the late 1990s onwards, furnishing an influential group of politicians and public intellectuals, from Thatcher and Robert Conquest to Boris Johnson and Andrew Roberts, with an alternative non-European vision of Britain’s place in the world.

Property, Privilege and Politics: The Coroner in Pre-Famine Ireland, 1801–1846

Figures of Authority in Nineteenth-Century Ireland ◽

10.3828/liverpool/9781789622409.003.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 77-96

Author(s):

Michelle McCann

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Local Government ◽

Work Experience ◽

Social Standing ◽

Political Alliances ◽

The Social ◽

Political Narrative ◽

This chapter examines the function, status and qualifications of the men that served in the role of county coroner in Ireland in the first half of the nineteenth century. This remains an under-researched area when compared to other local government figures of authority. The history of the office exposes tensions within a politically polarised society and the need for changes in legislation. A combination of factors initially undermined the social standing and reputation of coroners. An examination of the legislation on coroners that the administration subsequently introduced suggests that the authority of the office in early-nineteenth-century Ireland was not strictly jurisprudential, but political and confessional by nature. By analysing the personal background, work experience, social standing, political alliances and religious patronage of coroner William Charles Waddell (1798-1878), the paper charts the wider social and political narrative that allowed this eminently respectable Presbyterian figure to secure the role of coroner of County Monaghan.

The British Market for Medicine in the late Nineteenth Century: The Innovative Impact of S M Burroughs & Co

Medical History ◽

10.1017/s0025727300008887 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 281-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Roy Church

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Medical History ◽

Business Practice ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Consumer Society ◽

Ethical Business ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Late Nineteenth

Historians of medicine have tended to be preoccupied primarily with scientific research, the development of therapeutically significant medicines, and ethical business practice. Roy Porter, however, adopted a wider conception. Referring to the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, he redefined the role of “the vile race of quacks” (so described by their own contemporaries) as a manifestation of a burgeoning medical entrepreneurship in an emerging consumer society. He maintained that “Irregular medicine … mobilised the growth of medicine as business”, an aspect of medical history which he believed to have been largely ignored hitherto and one which requires of historians an understanding of the market for pharmaceuticals. Anne Digby has examined the market for medical services during the nineteenth century in an analysis of interactions between doctors and patients at a time when self-dosing was prevalent. However, interactions between medical practitioners and suppliers of medicines in Britain for most of this period remain largely unexplored (with the significant exception of the work by Jonathan Liebenau) and as a result, it will be argued, have been misunderstood.

Art and civic culture in Birmingham in the late nineteenth century

Urban History ◽

10.1017/s0963926800000493 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roy Hartnell

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Civic Culture ◽

The Political ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

The World ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Consensus View ◽

Municipal Reforms

This paper looks at Joseph Chamberlain's Birmingham and claims that George Dawson's famous ‘civic gospel’ which laid the ground for the municipal reforms was permeated by a consensus view of the moral and civic role of art. It suggests that it was this combination of philosophy in action through art which created the special Birmingham context for a vibrant civic culture which led to the political and artistic achievements of the 1870s and 1880s. For a few brief years, this combination enabled Birmingham to stand above other British cities and lay claim to the titles of ‘the best-governed city in the world’ and ‘perhaps the most artistic town in England’.

THE HISTORY OF A CALENDAR AS A CUMULATIVE TEXT OF MASS MEDIA IN THE ETHNIC CULTURE OF GERMANY

Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology ◽

10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-6-976-981 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 976-981

Author(s):

U.A. Nebesnyuk

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Mass Media ◽

French Revolution ◽

Social Consciousness ◽

Literary Genre ◽

Ethnic Culture ◽

Original Meaning ◽

The article presents the analysis of composition, forms and functions of a calendar as a cumulative text of mass media in the ethnic culture of Germany from the mid-fifteenth until the early nineteenth century. It was revealed that, in connection with the growing role of narrative entertainment part since the 10s of the nineteenth century and the politicization of social consciousness during the great French Revolution, the calendar as a truly national medium of information has been undergone literarization, having lost its original meaning. Calendar stories have formed an independent literary genre which had received the name «Kalendergeschichte» in German tradition.

The Road Cess, Civilizing Missions and the World of the Landholders in Nineteenth-century Bengal

Studies in History ◽

10.1177/0257643017738603 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Paulami Guha Biswas

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

The Road ◽

The World ◽

Permanent Settlement ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Practical Experiences

This article follows the debate on the implementation of the road cess in late nineteenth-century Bengal. To understand how ‘cess’ was defined, it enters the discussion on the problematic category of the ‘local’. The debate in the official circles mainly addressed two questions: whether ‘cess’ was a legal tax or not, and whether cess should be a local tax or a centralized one. The thematic division of the article coincides with the chronology of the road cess in India. The Bengal District Road Cess Act was passed in 1871. The debate on the appropriate incidence of the tax—whether its burden was to be borne by travellers on these roads, or by landholders for the construction of the roads—had intensified by the 1850s. Decades earlier, in the 1810s, the revenue officers of Bengal set out to inquire into the probable existence of a road tax in Shahabad district of Bihar. This article will trace the protracted stages of the history of the road cess in India from the 1780s to 1900, traversing through the theoretical debates on the Permanent Settlement and the practical experiences of cess collection in various districts.

The “Chiliasm of Despair” Reconsidered: Revivalism and Working-Class Agitation in County Durham

Journal of British Studies ◽

10.1086/385924 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 23-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. A. Jaffe

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Working Class ◽

Social History ◽

Wide Acceptance ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

The One ◽

Political Radicalism

The role of evangelical religion in the social history of the English working class has been an area of both bewildering theories and un-founded generalizations. The problem, of course, was given a degree of notoriety by Elie Halévy who, according to the received interpretation, claimed that the revolutionary fervor characteristic of the Continental working class in the first half of the nineteenth century was drained from its British counterpart because of the latter's acceptance of Evangelicalism, namely, Methodism.It was revived most notably by E. P. Thompson, who accepted the counterrevolutionary effect of Methodism but claimed that the evangelical message was really an agent of capitalist domination acting to subordinate the industrial working class to the dominion of factory time and work discipline. Furthermore, Thompson argued, the English working class only accepted Methodism reluctantly and in the aftermath of actual political defeats that marked their social and economic subordination to capital. This view has gained a wide acceptance among many of the most prominent labor historians, including E. J. Hobsbawm and George Rudé who believe that Evangelicalism was the working-class's “chiliasm of despair” that “offered the one-time labour militant … compensation for temporal defeats.”There could hardly be a starker contrast between the interpretation of these labor historians and the views of those who have examined the social and political history of religion in early industrial Britain. Among the most important of these, W. R. Ward has claimed that Methodism was popular among the laboring classes of the early nineteenth century precisely because it complemented political radicalism.