How to Avoid International Trade Conflicts

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Jaspers
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Scientific Freedom ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Trade Conflicts ◽  
Insight Into

This section is meant to give readers an insight into the emerging field of nanotechnologies and risk regulation. It informs and updates readers on the latest European and international developments in nanotechnologies and risk regulation across different sectors (e.g., chemicals, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals) and policy areas (e.g., environmental protection, occupational health and consumer product, food and drug safety). The section analyzes how existing regulatory systems deal with new kinds of risks and reviews recent regulatory developments with a focus on how best to combine scientific freedom and technological progress with a responsible development and commercialization of nanotechnologies.

Environmentally Relevant Aspects of Nanomaterials in Products at the End-of-life Phase

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gazsó ◽  
Daniela Fuchs ◽  
Sabine Greßler ◽  
Iris Gruber ◽  
Florian Part ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Scientific Freedom ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Insight Into

This section is meant to give readers an insight into the emerging field of nanotechnologies and risk regulation. It informs and updates readers on the latest European and international developments in nanotechnologies and risk regulation across different sectors (e.g., chemicals, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals) and policy areas (e.g., environmental protection, occupational health and consumer product, food and drug safety). The section analyzes how existing regulatory systems deal with new kinds of risks and reviews recent regulatory developments with a focus on how best to combine scientific freedom and technological progress with a responsible development and commercialization of nanotechnologies.

To Label or Not to Label? – It's More than a Nano-sized Question

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D’Silva ◽  
Diana Megan Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Scientific Freedom ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Insight Into

This section is meant to give readers an insight into the emerging field of nanotechnologies and risk regulation. It informs and updates readers on the latest European and international developments in nanotechnologies and risk regulation across different sectors (e.g., chemicals, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals) and policy areas (e.g., environmental protection, occupational health and consumer product, food and drug safety). The section analyzes how existing regulatory systems deal with new kinds of risks and reviews recent regulatory developments with a focus on how best to combine scientific freedom and technological progress with a responsible development and commercialization of nanotechnologies.

Nanomaterial Safety: The Regulators' Dilemma

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Jaspers
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Scientific Freedom ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Insight Into

This section is meant to give readers an insight into the emerging field of nanotechnologies and risk regulation. It informs and updates readers on the latest European and international developments in nanotechnologies and risk regulation across different sectors (e.g., chemicals, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals) and policy areas (e.g., environmental protection, occupational health and consumer product, food and drug safety). The section analyzes how existing regulatory systems deal with new kinds of risks and reviews recent regulatory developments with a focus on how best to combine scientific freedom and technological progress with a responsible development and commercialization of nanotechnologies.

International Trade Conflicts between Judiciary and Arbitration: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Hossam S. Ali
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Trade Conflicts

ينفق قضاء الدولة والتحكيم في هدف واحد، هو الفصل في المنازعات بحل عادل وملزم، والتقييم الصحيح لمزايا التحكيم يقود إلى تحقيق دور كبير في حل منازعات التجارة الدولية. وعامة، إن كان التحكيم من أهم الوسائل البديلة عن القضاء لحل منازعات التجارة الدولية، فإن اتفاق الأطراف على اللجوء للتحكيم لفض منازعاتهم التجارية، لا يعني انقطاع صلة هذا النزاع بقضاء الدولة؛ لأن اتفاق التحكيم لا ينزع الاختصاص من قضاء الدولة، فإذا واجهت إجراءات التحكيم أي عقبة خلال أي مرحلة من مراحله، فإنه يتم اللجوء لقضاء الدولة؛ لإزالة هذه العقبات وتذليلها، سواء عند بدء إجراءات التحكيم أو أثناء سير الخصومة أو عند صدور الحكم وتنفيذه. وهو ما حرص المنظم السعودي على تأكيده في نظام التحكيم السعودي الجديد ولائحته التنفيذية، مواكبةً للبيئة القانونية الدولية.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Environmental Regulation’s Impact on Green Technological Progress—Evidence from China’s Manufacturing Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Weijiang Liu ◽  
Mingze Du ◽  
Yuxin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Biased Technological Change ◽  
Chinese Manufacturing Industry

As the world’s largest developing country, and as the home to many of the world’s factories, China plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of the world economy regarding environmental protection, energy conservation, and emission reduction issues. Based on the data from 2003–2015, this paper examined the green total factor productivity and the technological progress in the Chinese manufacturing industry. A slack-based measure (SBM) Malmquist productivity index was used to measure the bias of technological change (BTC), input-biased technological change (IBTC), and output-biased technological change (OBTC) by decomposing the technological progress. It also investigated the mechanism of environmental regulation, property right structure, enterprise-scale, energy consumption structure, and other factors on China’s technological progress bias. The empirical results showed the following: (1) there was a bias of technological progress in the Chinese manufacturing industry during the research period; (2) although China’s manufacturing industry’s output tended to become greener, it was still characterized by a preference for overall CO2 output; and (3) the impact of environmental regulations on the Chinese manufacturing industry’s technological progress had a significant threshold effect. The flexible control of environmental regulatory strength will benefit the Chinese manufacturing industry’s technological development. (4) R&D investment, export delivery value, and structure of energy consumption significantly contributed to promoting technological progress. This study provides further insight into the sustainable development of China’s manufacturing sector to promote green-biased technological progress and to achieve the dual goal of environmental protection and healthy economic growth.

scholarly journals Contaminant organisms recorded on plant product imports to South Africa 1994–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davina L. Saccaggi ◽  
Melanie Arendse ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
John S. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
International Trade ◽  
South African ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Multiple Contaminants ◽  
Propagation Material

AbstractBiosecurity interception records are crucial data underlying efforts to predict and manage pest and pathogen introductions. Here we present a dataset containing information on imported plant products inspected by the South African Department of Agriculture’s laboratories between 1994 and 2019 and the contaminant organisms found on them. Samples were received from border inspectors as either propagation material (e.g. plants) or material for immediate use (e.g. fruit). Material for immediate use was further divided into two sample categories, depending on if contaminants were seen/suspected by the border official or not: intervention or audit samples. The final dataset consists of 25,279 records, of which 30% tested positive (i.e. had at least one contaminant) and 13% had multiple contaminants. Of the 13,731 recorded contaminants, fungi (41%), mites (37%) and insects (19%) were most common. This dataset provides insight into the suite of taxa transported along the plant import pathway and provides an important resource for analyses of contaminant organisms in international trade, which can inform strategies for risk assessment, pathway management and biosecurity protocols.

scholarly journals How Does the Arctic Council Support Conservation of Arctic Biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5042
Author(s):  
Tom Barry ◽  
Brynhildur Daviðsdóttir ◽  
Níels Einarsson ◽  
Oran R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Insight Into

The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among Arctic states, indigenous communities, and peoples on issues of common importance. The rising geo-political importance of the Arctic and the onset of climate change has resulted in the Council becoming a focus of increasing interest from both inside and beyond the Arctic. This has resulted in new demands placed on the Council, attracting an increasing number of participants, and instigating a period of transformation as Arctic states work to find a way to balance conflicting demands to improve the Council’s effectiveness and take care of national interests. This paper considers whether, during this time of change, the Council is having an impact on the issues it was formed to address, i.e., environmental protection and sustainable development. To provide answers, it looks at how the Council reports on and evaluates progress towards the implementation of recommendations it makes regarding biodiversity, how it identifies where activities have had impacts and uncovers the mechanisms through which they were successful, to provide an insight into how the Arctic Council can be an agent of change.

Footprint of Export-Related GHG Emissions from Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Total Export ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Composition Of Trade

To quantify the growth in GHG emissions related to international trade, we build an extensive database for export-related production and transportation GHG emissions covering 189 countries and 10 sectors from 1990 to 2014. We employ this database to quantify the contribution of production and international transportation to total export-related GHG emissions from Latin America and the Caribbean and decompose growth in these to contributions of the increase in the regions trade flows, shifts in the composition of trade partners, changes in the traded product basket, and technological progress.

The Arms Trade Treaty

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
United Nations ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
Insight Into

On 2 April 2013, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Arms Trade Treaty and on 24 December 2014, it entered into force. This marked the end of a long road towards achieving the first global treaty regulating the international trade in conventional arms and preventing their illicit trade and diversion. <br><br>This book offers readers a concise and workable insight into each of the Articles of this important legal instrument, as well as its negotiation and scope of application. It brings together renowned state practitioners, legal academics and non-governmental expert analysts with different perspectives and backgrounds, many of whom were directly involved in the negotiation of the Treaty itself. <br><br><i>The Arms Trade Treaty</i> will provide a comprehensive commentary to guide academics, officials, diplomats and others in the implementation of the Treaty. <br><br>This book was previously published by Larcier. By popular demand, it has been republished and is now available in eBook format.

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