scholarly journals Ovine fetal renal development impacted by multiple fetuses and uterine space restriction

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Meyer-Gesch ◽  
M. Y. Sun ◽  
J. M. Koch ◽  
J. Ramadoss ◽  
S. E. Blohowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Renal Development ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
Ovine Fetal ◽  
Space Restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) from uteroplacental dysfunction causes impaired nephrogenesis and ultimately hypertension, but it is unknown whether IUGR caused by insufficient space for placental development seen in uterine anomalies and/or multifetal gestation exerts the same effects. Fetal renal development and metabolism were studied in an ovine space-restriction model by combining unilateral horn surgical ligation and/or multifetal gestation. Reduced placental attachment sites and placental weight per fetus defined space-restricted (USR) v. control nonrestricted (NSR) fetuses. Space-restricted fetuses exhibited evidence for decreased plasma volume, with higher hematocrit and plasma albumin at gestational day (GD) 120, followed by lower blood pO2, and higher osmolarity and creatinine at GD130, P < 0.05 for all. By combining treatments, fetal kidney weight relative to fetal weight was inversely related to both fetal weight and plasma creatinine levels, P < 0.05 for both. At GD130, space-restricted fetal kidney weights, cortical depths and glomerular generations were decreased, P < 0.05 for all. Space-restricted kidneys underwent an adaptive response by prolonging active nephrogenesis and increasing maculae densa number, P < 0.05 for both. The major renal adaptations in space-restricted IUGR fetuses included immaturity in both development and endocrine function, with evidence for impaired renal excretory function.

Polycystin expression is temporally and spatially regulated during renal development

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. F602-F609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Adelsberg ◽  
S. Chamberlain ◽  
V. D'Agati
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Renal Development ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Spatial Regulation ◽  
Adult Kidney ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Membrane Spanning

Mutations in PKD1 cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a common genetic disease in which cysts form from kidney tubules. The predicted product of this gene is a novel protein with cell-adhesive and membrane-spanning domains. To test the hypothesis that polycystin, the product of the PKD1 gene, is a cell adhesion molecule, we raised antibodies against peptides derived from the unduplicated, membrane-spanning portion of the predicted amino acid sequence. These antibodies recognized membrane-associated polypeptides of 485 and 245 kDa in human fetal kidney homogenates. Expression was greater in fetal than adult kidney by both Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. In fetal kidney, polycystin was localized to the plasma membranes of ureteric bud and comma and S-shaped bodies. However, in more mature tubules in fetal kidney, in adult kidney, and in polycystic kidney, the majority of polycystin staining was intracellular. The temporal and spatial regulation of polycystin expression during renal development lead us to speculate that polycystin may play a role in nephrogenesis.

scholarly journals Paternal High Fat Diet and Exercise Differentially Regulate Placental Development and Inflammation in a Sex-Specific Manner in C57BL6/J Mice (P19-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Larson ◽  
Amy Bundy ◽  
Travis Alvine ◽  
James Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Service Project ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Placental Inflammation

Abstract Objectives We have shown that increases in T2D risk in male offspring when the father consumes a high-fat (HF) diet can be normalized when the father also exercises during preconception, and that this protection may occur by epigenetic increases in insulin signaling within offspring skeletal muscle. In our current study, we investigated to determine how paternal HF diet and exercise conditions alter sperm miRNA, fetal weight and placental inflammation. Methods Three-week old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat (NF) diet (16% fat) or a HF diet (45% fat) and assigned to either voluntary wheel running exercise or cage activity for 3 months prior to mating with NF diet fed dams. Sperm samples were collected to determine changes in miRNA that may account for the enhanced offspring skeletal muscle responses that helped normalize paternal HF-induced glucose intolerance. Placentae were collected to determine whether changes in sperm miRNA expression differed by amount of placental inflammation. Results Sperm expression of miRNA 193b increased with paternal HF and exercise. In F1 males, placental and fetal weight decreased with HF diet while, in F1 female, paternal HF and exercise had no effect on placental and fetal weights. Paternal HF diet decreased placental IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in F1 females, while no effects were observed in F1 male placenta. Conclusions Taken together these data suggest that paternal HF diet has a greater impact on placental development of male fetuses while paternal exercise has greater impact on placental inflammation of female fetuses. For both female and male fetuses, these paternal influences are mediated via sperm miRNA 193b. miR-193b is involved in regulation of the cell cycle and adipogenesis but may have additional functions. Thus, the exact role of sperm miRNA 193b in sex-specific epigenetic transmission of paternal HF diet and exercise on placental and fetal development needs further evaluation. Funding Sources USDA Agricultural Research Service Project #3062-51000-052-00D.

The role of the ureteric bud in the development of the ovine fetal kidney

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2502-2506
Author(s):  
Kohei Kawaguchi ◽  
Juma Obayashi ◽  
Takuya Kawaguchi ◽  
Junki Koike ◽  
Yasuji Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ureteric Bud ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Ovine Fetal

scholarly journals Capripoxviruses: Exploring the genetic relatedness between field and vaccine strains from Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1924-1930
Author(s):  
Sherin Reda Rouby ◽  
Abdel-Hamid Bazid ◽  
Momtaz Wasfy ◽  
Magdy El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Heart Cell ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Gpcr Gene ◽  
Ovine Fetal

Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and sheep pox are economically important Capripoxvirus-induced diseases of cattle and sheep, respectively. Despite the extensive vaccination program adopted by Egyptian veterinary authorities, LSD and sheep pox are still prevalent and spread throughout the whole country. The current study was designed for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of LSD virus (LSDV) and Sheep pox virus (SPPV) recovered from field cases in Egypt along with vaccinal strains to assess their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods: Skin biopsies were collected from naturally infected cases of LSD in Ismailia (n=3 farms) and Beni-Suef (n=2 farms) Governorates and sheep pox in Beni-Suef (n=1 flock). Virus isolation was carried out on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell cultures. DNA was extracted from infected materials (skin lesions, infected cell cultures) as well as LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and Romanian SPPV vaccine strain. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using oligonucleotide primers targeting the entire open reading frame of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) gene and gene sequences were analyzed. Results: Virus isolation on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell culture revealed a cytopathic effect at the third passage characterized by rounding of infected cells and margination of nuclear chromatin. Comparative sequence analysis of GPCR gene revealed that Egyptian LSDV isolated from Ismailia and Beni-Suef shared 99:100% nucleotide and amino acid (AA) identities with each other. In comparison to the vaccinal strains, Egyptian LSDV isolates shared 98:99 nucleotide and AA identities with LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and 93:94% with SPPV Romanian vaccine strain. No differences at the nucleotide or AAs were observed between the SPPV vaccine and virulent strains (100% identity). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LSDV Neethling vaccine strain is more related to field Egyptian LSDV and clustered within the LSDV group while Romanian SPPV vaccine strain clustered in a separate clade with SPPV field isolates. Conclusion: Comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the GPCR gene reveal a minimal genetic variation between LSDV field isolates from different locations and a close relationship between virulent field strains and homologous vaccines.

Renal function in the chronically cannulated fetal llama: comparison with studies in the ovine fetus

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Wintour ◽  
R Riquelme ◽  
C Gaete ◽  
C Rabasa ◽  
E Sanhueza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Fetal Urine ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Ovine Fetal

Samples of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine, and amniotic fluid were collected from 8 chronically cannulated pregnant llamas, in the last third of gestation. The samples were obtained for up to 18 days post-surgery. Osmolality, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and urea were measured on 40 samples collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and 10-19. The osmolalities of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine and amniotic fluid, averaged over these 7 time periods, were, respectively, 312 +/- 2, 311 +/- 1, 484 +/- 14, and 317 +/- 1 mosmol kg-1. Values are given as mean +/- s.e. The major differences from fetal fluid values in the ovine fetus (from previously published values) were the higher osmolality and urea concentration of llama fetal urine. Urine flow rate measured in 6 fetuses, 4.5-6.5 kg body weight, was 5.8 +/- 0.4 mliter h-1; urea clearance rate was 55.5 +/- 11.8 mliter h-1. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measured with 51Cr-EDTA in 5 fetuses on 1-4 occasions, was 111.4 +/- 23.3 mliter h-1. Fractional reabsorptions (FR) of Na, K and Cl were 97.9 +/- 1, 75.9 +/- 13.5 and 97.7 +/- 0.4% respectively. The GFR (25 mliter kg-1 h-1) and urine flow rate (1 mL kg-1 h-1) were less than half and about one-tenth the respective values in ovine fetuses. As Na reabsorption is the major oxygen-consuming activity of the kidney, the llama fetal kidney requires only half the oxygen needed by the ovine fetal kidney to reabsorb the filtered sodium load. The reason for the formation of hypertonic, rather than hypotonic, urine in the fetal llama may be due to both greater morphological maturity of the kidney and the excretion of as yet unidentified osmotically active organic substances.

Effects of a Novel Maternal Uterine Space Restriction Model on Fetal Kidney Development in Sheep.

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 487-487
Author(s):  
Katie M. Meyer ◽  
Jill M. Koch ◽  
Jason M. Habeck ◽  
Sharon E. Blohowiak ◽  
Jayanth Ramadoss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Development ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Space Restriction

scholarly journals Lipid metabolism is altered in maternal, placental, and fetal tissues of ewes with small for gestational age fetuses†

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsie B Steinhauser ◽  
Katharine Askelson ◽  
Colleen A Lambo ◽  
Kenneth C Hobbs ◽  
Fuller W Bazer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Blood Concentrations

Abstract Nutrient restriction (NR) has the potential to negatively impact birthweight, an indicator of neonatal survival and lifelong health. Those fetuses are termed as small for gestational age (SGA). Interestingly, there is a spectral phenotype of fetal growth rates in response to NR associated with changes in placental development, nutrient and waste transport, and lipid metabolism. A sheep model with a maternal diet, starting at Day 35, of 100% National Research Council (NRC) nutrient requirements (n = 8) or 50% NRC (n = 28) was used to assess alterations in fetuses designated NR SGA (n = 7) or NR NonSGA (n = 7) based on fetal weight at Day 135 of pregnancy. Allantoic fluid concentrations of triglycerides were greater in NR SGA fetuses than 100% NRC and NR NonSGA fetuses at Day 70 (P &lt; 0.05). There was a negative correlation between allantoic fluid concentrations of triglycerides (R2 = 0.207) and bile acids (R2 = 0.179) on Day 70 and fetal weight at Day 135 for NR ewes (P &lt; 0.05). Bile acids were more abundant in maternal and fetal blood for NR SGA compared to 100% NRC and NR NonSGA ewes (P &lt; 0.05). Maternal blood concentrations of NEFAs increased in late pregnancy in NR NonSGA compared to NR SGA ewes (P &lt; 0.05). Protein expression of fatty acid transporter SLC27A6 localized to placentomal maternal and fetal epithelia and decreased in Day 70 NR SGA compared to 100% NRC and NR NonSGA placentomes (P &lt; 0.05). These results identify novel factors associated with an ability of placentae and fetuses in NR NonSGA ewes to adapt to, and overcome, nutritional hardship during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Placental and fetal characteristics of the Ohia mouse line recapitulate outcomes in human hypoplastic left heart syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Wilson ◽  
Weston Troja ◽  
Jennifer Courtney ◽  
Helen N Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Hypoplastic Left Heart ◽  
Left Heart Syndrome

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHDs) are one of the most common birth defects worldwide. The morbidity and mortality associated with these defects is compounded by increased frequency of fetal growth abnormalities in the newborns. Inappropriate placental development and function has been implicated as a contributing factor to poor fetal growth in pregnancies complicated by CHDs however, the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. In the Ohia mouse model of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), the double homozygous genotype had previously been shown to be embryonically lethal at mid-pregnancy; a time in which optimal establishment of the placenta is crucial to fetal survival. We aimed to characterize placental and fetal growth and development in the double heterozygous genotype to determine whether the genetic mutations associated with HLHS in the Ohia mouse also affect the placenta. The frequency of fetuses with reduced weight near term was shifted in the double heterozygous genotype compared to wildtype fetuses. This shift in fetal weight distribution was associated with reduced fetal capillary density in the placentas of the double heterozygotes as well as a reduction in placental mRNA expression of angiogenic factors placenta growth factor (Pgf) and fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt1) suggesting abhorrent placental angiogenesis. Positive correlations were observed between fetal weight and placenta mRNA expression of several nutrient transporters in the double heterozygous genotype but not observed in the wildtype. This data shows changes to placental angiogenesis and nutrient transport that are likely to contribute to inadequate fetal growth in the Ohia mouse model. Such differences are similar to findings in studies of human placentas from pregnancies with a fetus with HLHS and highlights the importance of this mouse model in continuing to understand the link between placental development and CHDs such as HLHS.New and NoteworthyWe used the Ohia mouse line, which is characterized with a hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)-like phenotype to investigate the contribution of placental development and function to fetal growth abnormalities associated with congenital heart defects (CHDs). We demonstrate an increase in the frequency of fetuses with lower fetal weight in the double heterozygous genotype which is associated with abnormalities to the placental microstructure, reduced placental fetal capillary density and placental mRNA expression of angiogenic factors Pgf and Flt1. These results are supported by similar studies of human placentas from HLHS pregnancies and highlights the usefulness of this model in furthering our understanding of abnormal fetal growth in CHDs.

scholarly journals Generation of developmentally competent oocytes and fertile mice from parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglei Tian ◽  
Linlin Liu ◽  
Ming Zeng ◽  
Xiaoyan Sheng ◽  
Dai Heng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryos

AbstractParthenogenetic embryos, created by activation and diploidization of oocytes, arrest at mid-gestation for defective paternal imprints, which impair placental development. Also, viable offspring has not been obtained without genetic manipulation from parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs) derived from parthenogenetic embryos, presumably attributable to their aberrant imprinting. We show that an unlimited number of oocytes can be derived from pESCs and produce healthy offspring. Moreover, normal expression of imprinted genes is found in the germ cells and the mice. pESCs exhibited imprinting consistent with exclusively maternal lineage, and higher X-chromosome activation compared to female ESCs derived from the same mouse genetic background. pESCs differentiated into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) and formed oocytes following in vivo transplantation into kidney capsule that produced fertile pups and reconstituted ovarian endocrine function. The transcriptome and methylation of imprinted and X-linked genes in pESC-PGCLCs closely resembled those of in vivo produced PGCs, consistent with efficient reprogramming of methylation and genomic imprinting. These results demonstrate that amplification of germ cells through parthenogenesis faithfully maintains maternal imprinting, offering a promising route for deriving functional oocytes and having potential in rebuilding ovarian endocrine function.

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