Prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure and reproductive hormones in premenopausal women

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Wise ◽  
R. Troisi ◽  
E. E. Hatch ◽  
L. J. Titus ◽  
K. J. Rothman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen widely prescribed to pregnant women in the mid-1900s, is a potent endocrine disruptor. Prenatal DES exposure has been associated with reproductive disorders in women, but little is known about its effects on endogenous hormones. We assessed the association between prenatal DES exposure and reproductive hormones among participants from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles (HSMC), a longitudinal study of premenopausal women aged 36–45 years from Massachusetts (1995–1999). Prenatal DES exposure was reported at baseline (43 DES exposed and 782 unexposed). Early follicular-phase concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol were measured at baseline and every 6 months during 36 months of follow-up. Inhibin B concentrations were measured through 18 months. We used multivariable logistic and repeated-measures linear regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and percent differences in mean hormone values (β), respectively, comparing DES exposed with unexposed women, adjusted for potential confounders. DES-exposed women had lower mean concentrations of estradiol (pg/ml) (β=−15.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI): −26.5%, −3.2%) and inhibin B (pg/ml) (β=−20.3%, CI: −35.1%, −2.3%), and higher mean concentrations of FSH (IU/I) (β=12.2%, CI: −1.5%, 27.9%) and LH (IU/I) (β=10.4%, CI: −7.2%, 31.3%), than unexposed women. ORs for the association of DES with maximum FSH>10 IU/I and minimum inhibin B<45 pg/ml – indicators of low ovarian reserve – were 1.90 (CI: 0.86, 4.22) and 4.00 (CI: 0.88–18.1), respectively. Prenatal DES exposure was associated with variation in concentrations of FSH, estradiol and inhibin B among women of late reproductive age.

scholarly journals Ventilatory decline after hypoxia and hypercapnia is not different between healthy young men and women

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Jordan ◽  
P. G. Catcheside ◽  
R. S. Orr ◽  
F. J. O'Donoghue ◽  
N. A. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Gradual Decay

The gradual decay in ventilation after removal of a respiratory stimulus has been proposed to protect against cyclic breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The male predominance of OSA, and the increased incidence of OSA in women after menopause, indicates that the respiratory-stimulating effect of progesterone may provide protection against OSA by altering the rate of poststimulus ventilatory decline (PSVD). It was therefore hypothesized that PSVD is longer in premenopausal women than in men and is longer in the luteal menstrual phase compared with the follicular phase. PSVD was measured in 12 men and in 11 women at both their luteal and follicular phases, after cessation of isocapnic hypoxia and normoxic hypercapnia. PSVD was compared between genders and between women in the luteal and follicular phases by repeated-measures ANOVA. There were no significant differences in PSVD between any of the groups after either respiratory stimulus. This suggests that the higher occurrence of OSA in men does not reflect an underlying gender difference in PSVD and implies the increased prevalence of OSA in women after menopause is not representative of an effect of progesterone on PSVD.

Early follicular phase serum FSH as a function of age: the roles of inhibin B, inhibin A and estradiol

Climacteric ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Burger ◽  
E. Dudley ◽  
P. Mamers ◽  
N. Groome ◽  
D. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

scholarly journals Study of the Vaginal Microbiota in Healthy Women of Reproductive Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Alonzo Martínez ◽  
Eduardo Cazorla ◽  
Esther Cánovas ◽  
Juan F. Martínez-Blanch ◽  
Empar Chenoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Type I

Understanding the characteristics of the vaginal microbiota of our patients allows us to carry out both a personalized therapeutic approach and a closer follow-up in those with microbiota susceptible to dysbiosis. This trial pursues the analysis of the vaginal microbiota of premenopausal women and its fluctuations within a four-week follow-up period. Vaginal samples of 76 fertile women were taken at a baseline visit and at a final visit (day 28 ± 5). To perform a phylogenetic study, we employed massive sequencing techniques to detect the 16S rRNA gene of the vaginal microbiota. The most prevalent vaginal microbial community was type I (34.87%), dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus. Vaginal microbial community types II (Lactobacillus gasseri) and V (Lactobacillus jensenii) were underrepresented in our population. When repeating the sampling process four weeks later, 75% of our patients maintained their initial bacterial community. In the follicular phase, the most recurrent microbiota was type III (Lactobacillus iners); in the periovulatory phase, types III and IV (microbial diversity); finally, in the luteal phase, the most frequent type was IV. The most prevalent vaginal bacterial community in our population was dominated by L. crispatus. The vaginal microbiota was resistant to changes in its bacterial community in 75% of our patients, even between consecutive menstrual cycles.

scholarly journals Soy Isoflavones Exert Modest Hormonal Effects in Premenopausal Women1

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Duncan ◽  
Barbara E. Merz ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
Theodore C. Nagel ◽  
William R. Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Soy isoflavones are hypothesized to be responsible for changes in hormone action associated with reduced breast cancer risk. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of isoflavone consumption in 14 premenopausal women. Isoflavones were consumed in soy protein powders and provided relative to body weight (control diet, 10 ± 1.1; low isoflavone diet, 64 ± 9.2; high isoflavone diet, 128 ± 16 mg/day) for three menstrual cycles plus 9 days in a randomized cross-over design. During the last 6 weeks of each diet period, plasma was collected every other day for analysis of estrogens, progesterone, LH, and FSH. Diet effects were assessed during each of four distinctly defined menstrual cycle phases. Plasma from the early follicular phase was analyzed for androgens, cortisol, thyroid hormones, insulin, PRL, and sex hormone-binding globulin. The low isoflavone diet decreased LH (P = 0.009) and FSH (P = 0.04) levels during the periovulatory phase. The high isoflavone diet decreased free T3 (P = 0.02) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (P = 0.02) levels during the early follicular phase and estrone levels during the midfollicular phase (P = 0.02). No other significant changes were observed in hormone concentrations or in the length of the menstrual cycle, follicular phase, or luteal phase. Endometrial biopsies performed in the luteal phase of cycle 3 of each diet period revealed no effect of isoflavone consumption on histological dating. These data suggest that effects on plasma hormones and the menstrual cycle are not likely to be the primary mechanisms by which isoflavones may prevent cancer in premenopausal women.

Incidence, Time Course, and Determinants of Menstrual Bleeding After Breast Cancer Treatment: A Prospective Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne A. Petrek ◽  
Michelle J. Naughton ◽  
L. Douglas Case ◽  
Electra D. Paskett ◽  
Elizabeth Z. Naftalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding

Purpose To assess ovarian function using the surrogate of monthly bleeding after breast cancer treatment in premenopausal women. Patients and Methods Five hundred ninety-five US women age 20 to 45 years were accrued from January 1998 to July 2002 within 8 months of diagnosis with stages I to III breast cancer (median follow-up 45 months). Daily bleeding records were obtained prospectively, as well as extensive clinical, demographic, quality of life, and treatment data. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to assess which variables were predictive of monthly bleeding. Results Significantly different proportions of women had monthly bleeding depending on their age (P < .001), chemotherapy program (P < .001), and time since treatment regimen. In the month after the standard course of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC), whether or not followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel, approximately 16% had monthly bleeding compared with the cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil (CMF) group, in which 48% bled (P < .001). Following any AC regimen, there was a slow recovery phase of about 9 months followed by a plateau, during which almost half continued monthly bleeding for the remainder of the follow-up period compared with after CMF in which there was no recovery phase and a continual decline in monthly bleeding to approximately 18% of women at study end (P < .001). Tamoxifen use decreased bleeding between months 12 and 24 after chemotherapy with 15% fewer women having bleeding. Conclusion Using daily menstrual bleeding records, it is demonstrated that age, the specific chemotherapy regimen received, and tamoxifen use impact ovarian function.

scholarly journals Endogenous Circadian Regulation of Female Reproductive Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6049-6059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadab A Rahman ◽  
Leilah K Grant ◽  
Joshua J Gooley ◽  
Shantha M W Rajaratnam ◽  
Charles A Czeisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
External Time ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract Context Studies suggest that female reproductive hormones are under circadian regulation, although methodological differences have led to inconsistent findings. Objective To determine whether circulating levels of reproductive hormones exhibit circadian rhythms. Design Blood samples were collected across ∼90 consecutive hours, including 2 baseline days under a standard sleep-wake schedule and ∼50 hours of extended wake under constant routine (CR) conditions. Setting Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit, Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Participants Seventeen healthy premenopausal women (22.8 ± 2.6 years; nine follicular; eight luteal). Interventions Fifty-hour CR. Main Outcome Measures Plasma estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), LH, FSH, SHBG, melatonin, and core body temperature. Results All hormones exhibited significant 24-hour rhythms under both standard sleep-wake and CR conditions during the follicular phase (P < 0.05). In contrast, only FSH and SHBG were significantly rhythmic during the luteal phase. Rhythm acrophases and amplitudes were similar between standard sleep-wake and CR conditions. The acrophase occurred in the morning for P4; in the afternoon for FSH, LH, and SHBG; and during the night for E2. Conclusions Our results confirm previous reports of ∼24-hour rhythms in many female reproductive hormones in humans under ambulatory conditions but demonstrate that these hormones are under endogenous circadian regulation, defined as persisting in the absence of external time cues. These results may have important implications for the effects of circadian disruption on reproductive function.

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