scholarly journals Feed management practices to reduce manure phosphorus excretion in dairy cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kebreab ◽  
A. V. Hansen ◽  
A. B. Leytem
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Intensively Managed

Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral that needs to be supplied in sufficient quantities for maintenance and growth and milk production in dairy cattle. However, over 60% of the P consumed can be excreted in faeces with a potential to cause environmental pollution. Concern over higher levels of P in intensively managed livestock systems has led to legislation such as the Water Framework Directive in the European Union. In this manuscript, several methods of reducing P pollution are discussed. A major source of environmental P pollution has been overfeeding P mainly due to addition of ‘safety margin’ over the animal's requirement and concerns related to fertility. Matching the animal's requirement and feeding in groups so that animals at the same physiological status are fed according to their requirement has a potential to reduce P excretion significantly. P can also be reduced by matching available P with the metabolizable energy content of the diet because more P can be incorporated into milk when P is utilized by rumen microbes, which are limited by energy. Plants contain phytate bound P that need to be broken up before they can be absorbed by the animal. Although ruminants can digest phytate, use of phytase enzyme could help either directly by acting on phytate P or improvement of feed digestibility. Pasture management can lead to improved nutrient cycling, particularly if the soil is deficient in P. However, overfertilizing pasture could result is higher runoff of dissolved reactive P. Management practices that leave adequate forage residue on the surface such as rotational grazing will improve infiltration and decrease runoff, reducing nutrient losses.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Metabolizable Energy Content of Poultry Feeds

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.I. McIntosh ◽  
S.J. Slinger ◽  
I.R. Sibbald ◽  
G.C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poultry Feeds

Nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy content of Mucuna pruriens beans fed to growing Pelibuey lambs

2011 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Loyra-Tzab ◽  
L.A. Sarmiento-Franco ◽  
C.A. Sandoval-Castro ◽  
R.H. Santos-Ricalde
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens

Assisted Reproductive Technologies for Decision Support in Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle in Ke

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Wilkister Nakami ◽  
◽  
Victor Tsuma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Livestock Products

The human population is expected to double in Africa by 2030 and with it a consequent rise in demand for livestock products. Reproductive technologies improve livestock productivity however, uptake of the technologies has been low in Africa, yet this is where there is a dire need for livestock products as the human population surges. This study aimed to assess knowledge extent and understanding the use of assisted reproductive technologies in decision support for reproductive management of dairy cattle in Kenya. Dairy farmers and veterinary practitioners were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain relevant data on knowledge, attitude and practices in the use of assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management in dairy farms. Observable heat signs was the only method used by participants to ascertain estrus in a cow. Artificial insemination technique was adopted by all farmers as the breeding method of choice. The analysis highlighted that the respondents with low levels of formal education had less knowledge on reproductive technologies and displayed risky practices. Overall, a larger proportion of respondents indicated that the assisted reproductive technologies would be important in reproductive management. The relatively low levels of awareness, higher levels of education and a willingness to use the assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management of dairy cattle strengthen the logic of improving productivity through the application of these assisted reproductive technologies as well as improve levels of awareness of reproductive management practices. Keywords: attitude, heat detection, knowledge, pregnancy diagnosis, practices, progesterone

Nutritional recommendations and management practices adopted by feedlot cattle nutritionists: the 2016 Brazilian survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C.J. Pinto ◽  
Danilo D. Millen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Management Recommendations

The feedlot industry in Brazil is still evolving, and some nutritional management recommendations adopted by nutritionists changes from year to year. The main objective of this survey was to provide a snapshot of current nutritional management practices adopted in Brazilian feedlots. The 33 nutritionists surveyed were responsible for approximately 4 228 254 animals. Corn remained as the primary source of grain used in feedlot diets by the participants, whereas fine grinding was the primary grain processing method. Corn silage was the primary roughage source indicated by nutritionists, and for the first time, physically effective neutral detergent fiber was the preferred fiber analysis method. The average dietary fat recommended was 50 g kg−1 of dry matter, which is about 10% higher than values reported in previous surveys. The use of truck-mounted mixers increased, which may have increased the percentage of feedlots using programmed feed delivery per pen, allowing the increase of energy content of finishing diets. Feedlots did not increase their capacity and nutritionists reported an improvement in feeding management. Results reported in the current study provide a baseline that can be used to improve practices and aid in the development of feedlot industry in Brazil and similar tropical climates.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Decreases the Metabolizable Energy Content and Nutrient Digestibility of Mixed Diets Fed to Humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Baer ◽  
William V. Rumpler ◽  
Carolyn W. Miles ◽  
George C. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy

scholarly journals Clustering of equine grass sickness cases in the United Kingdom: a study considering the effect of position-dependent reporting on the space–time K-function

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. FRENCH ◽  
H. E. McCARTHY ◽  
P. J. DIGGLE ◽  
C. J. PROUDMAN
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Grass Sickness ◽  
Type C

Equine grass sickness (EGS) is a largely fatal, pasture-associated dysautonomia. Although the aetiology of this disease is unknown, there is increasing evidence that Clostridium botulinum type C plays an important role in this condition. The disease is widespread in the United Kingdom, with the highest incidence believed to occur in Scotland. EGS also shows strong seasonal variation (most cases are reported between April and July). Data from histologically confirmed cases of EGS from England and Wales in 1999 and 2000 were collected from UK veterinary diagnostic centres. The data did not represent a complete census of cases, and the proportion of all cases reported to the centres would have varied in space and, independently, in time. We consider the variable reporting of this condition and the appropriateness of the space–time K-function when exploring the spatial-temporal properties of a ‘thinned’ point process. We conclude that such position-dependent under-reporting of EGS does not invalidate the Monte Carlo test for space–time interaction, and find strong evidence for space–time clustering of EGS cases (P<0·001). This may be attributed to contagious or other spatially and temporally localized processes such as local climate and/or pasture management practices.

scholarly journals Distribution and Demographics of Fuchsia Excorticata, Nelson Lakes National Park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward Rex Lancelot Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Reference Areas

<p>The small tree Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) is found on disturbed riparian sites throughout New Zealand. Spatial distribution and  demographic changes in populations of F. excorticata were surveyed in the Rotoiti Nature Recovery Project (RNRP) area, and an associated non-treatment reference area, Nelson Lakes National Park, over the period 2005 to 2007. The RNRP is an intensively managed "mainland island" project in mixed beech (Nothofagus) forest, pest animal species especially possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), rodents, and mustelids are controlled. The aim of this study was to survey the condition of F. excorticata in the managed and reference areas to determine if any differences could be detected between the populations over time. The only significant (p<0.05) difference between the two areas was in sapling abundance, which was higher in the RNRP management area. This was tentatively attributed to pest management; however the concurrence of complex  environmental influences, and a lack of management replication, prevented a simple interpretation of the data. There was no significant difference in recruitment, growth, mortality, and tree or seedling abundance  between the managed and reference areas. Growth rate, especially of saplings, was significantly greater at lower elevations in the RNRP managed area, however the inverse held for the reference area. Mammalian herbivory was light; the main affect being to restrict seedling growth through hedging. Periodic heavy flooding was responsible for much of the mortality, however many newly disturbed sites were rapidly populated with fuchsia seedlings. The need for rigour in establishing ecologically comparable reference sites for comparative studies was evident. There were inherent difficulties in establishing causal relationships between ecological changes and management practices where management was not replicated geographically.</p>

scholarly journals Sustainability as “Value of Cooperatives”—Can (Wine) Cooperatives Use Sustainability as a Driver for a Brand Concept?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12344
Author(s):  
Barbara Richter ◽  
Jon H. Hanf
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Brand Concept ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Similar to the number of agricultural cooperatives in the European Union, the number of German wine cooperatives is decreasing. The main purpose of the wine cooperatives is to support the member businesses with the highest possible payouts for their grapes. Wine cooperatives can fulfil this purpose by implementing a differentiation strategy. On the one hand, brands can be used for differentiation. On the other hand, cooperatives can use particular values in the communication with customers that correspond to the target group’s values. Based on the definition of the International Co-operative Alliance, cooperatives are a sustainable form of enterprise. Therefore, the question arises whether it is possible to use sustainability as a value that corresponds to cooperatives as a form of enterprise as well as to a strong societal value that gains importance. Which role does social capital play in the context of social sustainability? The aim of this paper is to shed light on the understanding of brands, to show which cooperative-specific characteristics might pose a challenge to cooperatives in terms of brand management and to examine the understanding of the sustainability construct as well as sustainable management practices applied by wine cooperatives to date. Two exploratory, qualitative studies have been conducted.

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