Assessing the Stability of Psychopathic Traits: Adolescent Outcomes in a Six-Year Follow-Up

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura López-Romero ◽  
Estrella Romero ◽  
Paula Villar
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
The Stability

AbstractPrevious research has shown the relevance of psychopathic traits as predictors of severe and persistent antisocial behavior. Given that personality traits refer to developmental constructs, the main purposes of this study were to analyze the stability of psychopathic traits from childhood to adolescence, and to examine differential outcomes derived from distinctive pathways of stability and change. Data was collected in a Spanish sample of 138 children aged 6–11 at the onset of the study (T1), and 12–17 in the subsequent follow-up conducted 6 years later (T2). The stability of psychopathic traits was assessed in terms of differential continuity (rank-order), absolute stability (mean-level) and individual-level change (Reliable Change Index). Results confirmed that psychopathic traits remained moderately to highly stable from childhood to adolescence (p < .001). There were, however, some differences depending on the informant (parents vs. teachers) and the particular assessment method used (rank order vs. mean-level and RCI). A stable high and an increasing developmental pattern of psychopathic traits were related with severe adolescent behavioral and psychosocial problems (ŋ² = .10–.36). These results support the usefulness of youth psychopathic personality as a developmental construct, and highlight its relevance as a predictor of long-lasting maladjustment, with relevant implications in terms of prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Steadfast Standards or Fluctuating Fancies? Stability and Change in People’s Mate Criteria Over 27 Months

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Bredow ◽  
Nicole Hames
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Stability

Although research on mate preferences has been built on the assumption that the criteria people report at one point in time should predict their future partnering behavior, little is known about the temporal stability of people’s standards. Using survey data collected at four time points from 285 originally unmarried individuals, this study examined the rank-order, mean-level, individual-level and ipsative stability of people’s mate criteria over 27 months. Overall, reported standards exhibited moderate to high baseline stability, with rank-order and ipsative estimates comparable to those reported for personality traits. At the same time, mean- and individual-level analyses revealed small, but significant, increases in participants’ reported criteria over the study, as well as significant variability in individual trajectories. Consistent with theory, the stability of individuals’ standards was moderated by several contextual factors, including age, changes in perceived mate value, and significant relationship events.

A Developmental Perspective on the Stability and Change of Psychopathic Personality Traits Across the Adolescence–Adulthood Transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C. McCuish ◽  
Patrick Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Adulthood Transition ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Personality Disturbance ◽  
Pathways To Desistance

The stability of psychopathic personality disturbance (PPD) has important theoretical implications for developmental criminology and population heterogeneity perspective assertions that psychopathy is a key measure of criminal propensity. Data from the Pathways to Desistance Study ( n = 1,354) were used to examine short-, moderate-, and long-term reliable change in symptoms of PPD measured via the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). Youth scoring highest on the YPI at the baseline assessment were most likely to experience reliable decreases in test scores. Binomial regression analyses showed that a reliable decrease in YPI test score was associated with decreased odds of endorsing additional offenses. Findings contrasted the adolescent “fledgling” psychopathy perspective and indicated that individuals scoring high on the YPI are the group most likely to experience reliable decreases in test scores, especially over a longer follow-up period.

Examining Recovery Program Participants by Gender: Program Completion, Relapse, and Multidimensional Status 12 Months After Program Entry

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-454
Author(s):  
TK Logan ◽  
Jennifer Cole ◽  
Robert Walker
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Program Entry ◽  
Recovery Program

This study examined individual-level characteristics and factors associated with program completion, relapse, and multidimensional status at follow-up for 213 men and 248 women who entered one of 17 peer-led recovery programs and who completed a follow-up interview 12 months later. Study results found that although there were some significant gender differences at program entry among participants entering Recovery Kentucky, there were few gender differences at follow-up. In addition, although participants had significant psychosocial problems, polysubstance use patterns, and severe substance use disorder (SUD), the majority of both men and women reported completing the program (80.3%), a small minority reported relapse (9.5%), and about one third had worse multidimensional status about 12 months after program entry. Lower quality of life rating at program entry was associated with program completion and with better multidimensional status at follow-up. Study results suggest the recovery program provides an important option for some of the most vulnerable individuals with SUD.

Personality Development in Emerging Adulthood

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Watson ◽  
John Humrichhouse
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Study Interval

We examined self- and spouse-ratings in a young adult newlywed sample across a 2-year interval. Rank-order stability correlations were consistently high and did not differ across the two types of ratings. As expected, self-ratings showed significant increases in conscientiousness and agreeableness—and declines in neuroticism/negative affectivity—over time. Spouse-ratings yielded a very different pattern, however, showing significant decreases in conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion and openness across the study interval. Spouse-ratings also showed evidence of a “honeymoon effect”, such that they tended to be more positive than self-ratings at Time 1. This effect had dissipated by the second assessment; in fact, the spouse-ratings now tended to be more negative at Time 2. Analyses of individual-level change revealed little convergence between self- and spouse-rated change, using both raw change scores and reliable change index (RCI) scores. Finally, correlational and regression analyses indicated that changes in spouse-ratings were significantly associated with changes in marital satisfaction; in contrast, changes in self-ratings essentially were unrelated to marital satisfaction. These results highlight the value of collecting multimethod data in studies of adult personality development.

scholarly journals A French Translation and Validation of the Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire: An Investigation with Community Samples from France and Canada

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Durand
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
French And English ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Translation And Validation

This study presents a French translation and validation of the Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire (DAPTQ), an instrument for assessing adaptive traits known to correlate with the psychopathic personality. Bilingual (French and English) individuals from France and Canada (N = 141, 52% in France, Mage = 29.73, SD = 9.09) completed both versions of the DAPTQ (French and English), alongside measurements of perceived stress, trait anxiety, authentic leadership and creativity. Correlation between the DAPTQ total and subscales across versions showed strong associations (r = .84 to .96). The DAPTQ &ndash; French version also demonstrated good internal consistency (&alpha; = .87), convergent validity, and concurrent validity. These findings support the cross-cultural equivalence of the DAPTQ and therefore its effectiveness as a valid assessment method of adaptive traits.

Stability and change in adolescents' personality: a longitudinal study

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Pullmann ◽  
Liisa Raudsepp ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reliable Increase

The present study examined three types of personality change and continuity (mean‐level, individual‐level, and rank‐order stability) over the 2‐year period in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of Estonian adolescents (N = 876) aged 12–18. According to the Reliable Change Index, 82.1% of adolescents maintained the same level on any given personality trait measured by the NEO Five‐Factorial Inventory (NEO‐FFI) indicating that the individual‐level continuity of adolescents did not differ compared to young adults. A reliable increase was found in Openness. Across the five dimensions, the average test–retest correlations were 0.51, 0.56 and 0.67, and the computed biennial stability values were 0.80, 0.83 and 0.89 for age groups 12 → 14, 14 → 16 and 16 → 18 years, respectively. Neither intelligence nor school performance moderated the differential continuity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Die Wirksamkeit eines Frühinterventionsprogramms für Jugendliche mit Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit: Mittelfristige Effekte der PROTECT+ Studie

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Szász-Janocha ◽  
Eva Vonderlin ◽  
Katajun Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Reliable Change ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Statistical Classification

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Das junge Störungsbild der Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit hat in den vergangenen Jahren in der Forschung zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Durch die Aufnahme der „Gaming Disorder“ in die ICD-11 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) wurde die Notwendigkeit von evidenzbasierten und wirksamen Interventionen avanciert. PROTECT+ ist ein kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisches Gruppentherapieprogramm für Jugendliche mit Symptomen der Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit. Die vorliegende Studie zielt auf die Evaluation der mittelfristigen Effekte nach 4 Monaten ab. Methodik: N = 54 Patientinnen und Patienten im Alter von 9 bis 19 Jahren (M = 13.48; SD = 1.72) nahmen an der Frühinterventionsstudie zwischen April 2016 und Dezember 2017 in Heidelberg teil. Die Symptomschwere wurde zu Beginn, zum Abschluss der Gruppentherapie sowie nach 4 Monaten anhand von standardisierten Diagnostikinstrumenten erfasst. Ergebnisse: Mehrebenenanalysen zeigten eine signifikante Reduktion der Symptomschwere anhand der Computerspielabhängigkeitsskala (CSAS) nach 4 Monaten. Im Selbstbeurteilungsbogen zeigte sich ein kleiner Effekt (d = 0.35), im Elternurteil ein mittlerer Effekt (d = 0.77). Der Reliable Change Index, der anhand der Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) berechnet wurde, deutete auf eine starke Heterogenität im individuellen Symptomverlauf hin. Die Patientinnen und Patienten bewerteten das Programm zu beiden Follow-Up-Messzeitpunkten mit einer hohen Zufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt international eine der wenigen Studien dar, die eine Reduktion der Symptome von Computerspiel- und Internetabhängigkeit im Jugendalter über 4 Monate belegen konnte.

Short-Term Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide Therapy in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: a Pilot Study to Possible Future Implications of Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Onesti ◽  
Vittorio Frasca ◽  
Marco Ceccanti ◽  
Giorgio Tartaglia ◽  
Maria Cristina Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide ◽  
Open Pilot

Background: The cannabinoid system may be involved in the humoral mechanisms at the neuromuscular junction. Ultramicronized-palmitoylethanolamide (μm-PEA) has recently been shown to reduce the desensitization of Acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked currents in denervated patients modifying the stability of ACh receptor (AChR) function. <p> Objective: To analyze the possible beneficial effects of μm-PEA in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) on muscular fatigue and neurophysiological changes. <p> Method: The duration of this open pilot study, which included an intra-individual control, was three weeks. Each patient was assigned to a 1-week treatment period with μm-PEA 600 mg twice a day. A neurophysiological examination based on repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) of the masseteric and the axillary nerves was performed, and the quantitative MG (QMG) score was calculated in 22 MG patients every week in a three-week follow-up period. AChR antibody titer was investigated to analyze a possible immunomodulatory effect of PEA in MG patients. <p> Results: PEA had a significant effect on the QMG score (p=0.03418) and on RNS of the masseteric nerve (p=0.01763), thus indicating that PEA reduces the level of disability and decremental muscle response. Antibody titers did not change significantly after treatment. <p> Conclusion: According to our observations, μm-PEA as an add-on therapy could improve muscular response to fatigue in MG. The possible modulation of AChR currents as a means of eliciting a direct effect from PEA on the conformation of ACh receptors should be investigated. The co-role of cytokines also warrants an analysis. Given the rapidity and reversibility of the response, we suppose that PEA acts directly on AChR, though further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

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