The Role of Values in Attitudes towards Violence: Discrimination against Moroccans and Romanian Gypsies in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Álvaro ◽  
Thiago Morais de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Raquel Rosas Torres ◽  
Cicero Pereira ◽  
Alicia Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Work Students ◽  
Public University ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Minority Member ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractThe first objective of this study was to investigate whether police violence is more tolerated when the victim is a member of a social minority (e.g., Moroccan immigrants and Romanian Gypsies in Spain) than when the victim is a member of the social majority (e.g., Spaniards). The second objective was to use Schwartz value theory to examine the moderating role of values on attitudes towards tolerance of police violence. The participants were 207 sociology and social work students from a public university in Madrid. Overall, in this study, police violence was more accepted when the victim was a member of a social minority; F(2, 206) = 77.91, p = .001, ηp2 = 0.433, and in general, values moderated this acceptance. Thus, greater adherence to the conservation and self-promotion values subsystems would strengthen support for police violence towards a social minority member. On the other hand, greater adherence to the openness to change and self-transcendence subsystems diminish this support.

scholarly journals Relations Among Higher Order Values Around the World

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Rudnev ◽  
Vladimir Magun ◽  
Shalom Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Circular Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Self Protection

The circular structure of basic human values is the core element of the Schwartz value theory. The structure demonstrated high robustness across cultures. However, the specific correlations between values and the differences in these correlations across countries have received little attention. The current research investigated the within-country correlations between the four higher order values. We estimated the correlations with meta-analytical mixed-effects models based on 10 surveys, on different value instruments, and on data from 104 countries. Analyses revealed theoretically expected negative relations between openness to change and conservation values and between self-transcendence and self-enhancement values. More interestingly, openness to change and self-transcendence values related negatively with each other, as did conservation and self-enhancement. Openness to change and self-enhancement values related predominantly positively, as did conservation and self-transcendence values. Correlations between the adjacent values were weaker in more economically developed countries, revealing higher value complexity of these societies. These findings were consistent across multiple surveys and after controlling for levels of education and income inequality. We concluded that, across most countries, values tend to be organized predominantly in line with the Social versus Person Focus opposition, whereas the Growth versus Self-Protection opposition is pronounced only in more economically developed countries.

scholarly journals The Influence of Masculinity and the Moderating Role of Religion on the Workplace Well-Being of Factory Workers in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6250
Author(s):  
Quan Gao ◽  
Orlando Woods ◽  
Xiaomei Cai
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Being There ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Moderating Role

This paper explores how the intersection of masculinity and religion shapes workplace well-being by focusing on Christianity and the social construction of masculinity among factory workers in a city in China. While existing work on public and occupational health has respectively acknowledged masculinity’s influences on health and the religious and spiritual dimensions of well-being, there have been limited efforts to examine how variegated, and especially religious, masculinities influence people’s well-being in the workplace. Drawing on ethnography and in-depth interviews with 52 factory workers and 8 church leaders and factory managers, we found that: (1) Variegated masculinities were integrated into the factory labor regime to produce docile and productive bodies of workers. In particular, the militarized and masculine cultures in China’s factories largely deprived workers of their dignity and undermined their well-being. These toxic masculinities were associated with workers’ depression and suicidal behavior. (2) Christianity not only provided social and spiritual support for vulnerable factory workers, but also enabled them to construct a morally superior Christian manhood that phytologically empowered them and enhanced their resilience to exploitation. This paper highlights not only the gender mechanism of well-being, but also the ways religion mediates the social-psychological construction of masculinity.

Employability and Temporary Workers’ Affective Commitment: the Moderating Role of Voluntariness

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Espada ◽  
Maria José Chambel
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Temporary Agency Workers

AbstractThe development of either internal or external employability of temporary workers has been considered a mechanism of protection since it ensures that employment can be maintained. According to the social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity, when temporary workers perceive that the training promoted by the organization furthers employability, they are inclined to feel obligated to reciprocate with positive attitudes toward the organization. With a sample of temporary agency workers from three distinct industry organizations (N = 279), the current study investigated the relationship between training that promotes both internal and external employability and affective commitment as well as the role of voluntariness as a moderator of these relationships. The hypotheses were tested by using regression analysis. The results indicated that the perception held by temporary workers that the training they received is a promoter of their internal employability is positively correlated with their affective commitment towards the organization. Furthermore, the data revealed that this relationship is weaker for the group of temporary workers with high voluntariness. On the other hand, there was not a significant relationship between the training that promotes external employability and the affective commitment of temporary workers. Likewise, voluntariness did not moderate this relationship.

The Importance of Behavior and Personal Values for Managers' Attitudes Towards Innovativeness

2017 ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Nedelko ◽  
Maciej Brzozowski
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Schwartz Value Survey ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of prevalent management behavior on management attitudes about creativeness and innovativeness, while also considering the impact of personal values, in three Central European economies, having different development paths, namely Slovenia, Austria, and Poland. Personal values are measured using Schwartz value survey, using openness to change, conservation, self-transcendence and self-enhancement value dimensions. Results reveal that manager's behavior significantly influences on manager's attitudes regarding innovativeness, in all three countries. The impact of personal values on shaping management behavior and manager's attitudes toward innovativeness is significant only in few instances in Austrian sample, while in Slovenia and Poland it is insignificant. Regarding the mediating effect of managers' personal values on the association between management behavior and their creativeness, our results reveal marginal role of personal values.

scholarly journals A Socio-Economic Model of Sales Tax Compliance

Economies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farhan Alshira’h ◽  
Moh’d Alsqour ◽  
Abdalwali Lutfi ◽  
Adi Alsyouf ◽  
Malek Alshirah
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compliance Model ◽  
Moderating Role

Tax compliance is an issue that can be traced back to the introduction of taxes, which is the reason such compliance remains a significant topic in the current literature of academia and practice. Prior studies on the topic of tax compliance or non-compliance can be categorized into two, namely economic and social/psychological theories. In a more serious note, tax evasion has remained a key issue among governments all over the globe, with Jordan being no exception. Jordan has undertaken different fiscal measures to increase compliance in the domestic front in the past decades, but based on annual reports, the country is still experiencing a considerable increase in net public debt and fiscal deficit that can be traced back to the increased tax non-compliance rate. This is specifically true in the case of sales tax in Jordan. To compound the matter further, literature concerning the determinants of sales tax compliance as well as other determinants that drive non-compliance is still scarce, with a universal tax compliance model able to explain the issue with clarity still being elusive. Hence, this work proposed the determinants of sales tax compliance in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan, extending Fischer’s model of tax compliance, and adding the moderating role of tax knowledge and direct effect of tax service quality. This study proposed a model encapsulating the social, psychological and economic factors to provide insight into the sales tax compliance of Jordanian SMEs.

Values of cancer survivors and the supportive role of recreational video games

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531987166
Author(s):  
Maria Leonora (Nori) Comello ◽  
Diane B Francis ◽  
Laurie Hursting ◽  
Elizabeth Swarner ◽  
Laura H Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes

Value-affirming activities have been linked to positive health outcomes and improved ability to cope. For cancer survivors who regularly play video games, might the games have potential to affirm values? We surveyed gameplaying survivors and included an open-ended question asking about values and the extent to which they perceived gameplaying as supporting values. A content analysis of responses ( N = 533) using Schwartz’s value typology revealed that a majority perceived gameplaying as supporting values or offering other benefits. Self-transcendence followed by openness to change were the most frequently coded higher-order categories. The results contribute to a richer understanding of survivors who gameplay.

Effective marketing communication via social networking site: The moderating role of the social tie

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2265-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Chung-Chi Shen ◽  
Jyh-Shen Chiou ◽  
Chih-Hui Hsiao ◽  
Chun-Hsien Wang ◽  
Hsin-Ni Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moderating Role

Social Responsibility and Organisational Commitment in Local Public Administration: The Moderating Role of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Social Bonding

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalsoom BeBe ◽  
Wang Bing
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The commitment of public employees to organisations is an imperative deliberation that affects the efficiency of public services organisations. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the social responsibility among local public administrators raises organisational commitment. This study subsequently explores the moderating role of citizenship behaviour and social bonding (permanent vs temporary employees) of public employees in the relationship between social responsibility and organisational commitment. In this study, empirical data are collected from local officials working in local public administration services organisations in Pakistan (n = 308). The statistical analysis is used to test the relationship between social responsibility and commitment and the moderating effect of citizenship behaviour and social bonding on social responsibility-organisational commitment relationship.The results show that social responsibility is a determinant to organisational commitment and citizenship behaviour and social bonding moderate the social responsibility-commitment relationship. The effect of social responsibility on organisational commitment is stronger in permanent public administrators having high perspective of organisational citizenship behaviours than in temporary public administrators having low perspective of organisational citizenship behaviours. This study contributes to knowledge of the effect of social responsibility on organisational commitment in local public employees and proves that citizenship behaviour and social bonding affect the social responsibility-commitment relationship in local public administrators.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Self-Transcendence: Examining the Role of Values on Mental Health Among Adolescents Across Regions in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Rongwei Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
New Science ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Self Transcendence

As one of the foundations of existential positive psychology, self-transcendence can bring positive intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes, especially in the COVID-19 era in which people are suffering huge mental stress. Based on Schwartz's theory of human basic values, the current study combines variable-centered and person-centered approaches to examine the relationships between adolescents' values and mental health across two regions in China. The results generally showed that (1) both self-enhancement and conservation values were positively correlated with depression and loneliness, while both self-transcendence and openness to change values negatively correlated with depression and loneliness. The results also showed that (2) there were four value clusters (i.e., self-focus, other-focus, anxiety-free, undifferentiated), and, compared to adolescents in the self-focus and undifferentiated values cluster, all adolescents in the anxiety-free values cluster reported lower depression and loneliness, while all adolescents in the other-focus values cluster reported higher depression and loneliness. The differences between the two regional groups only emerged in depression. Specifically, adolescents in Shanghai have higher levels of depression than adolescents in Qingdao. This study provides some evidence for the new science of self-transcendence among adolescents and also sheds light on how we may improve the level of mental health during the COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals The Negative Role of Social Media to Create Anxiety in University Students Amidst COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
Humaira Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Public University ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
English Students

The purpose of the study is to explore the negative role of social media on university students mental health amidst digitalized COVID-19 setting that throbs excruciating pain, fear, anxiety, stress and depression. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the Department of English students of a public university in Punjab, Pakistan. The findings reveal that students' are engaged daily for 4 hours on social media forums for online chats, information and amusement. The social media platforms strategically create situations to express unrestrained sentiments. The use of cartoons and images reflect students' potential for creativity, criticality and social innovation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document