The Effects of Sibling Relationships on Social Adjustment Among Japanese Twins Compared With Singletons

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Nozaki ◽  
Keiko K. Fujisawa ◽  
Juko Ando ◽  
Toshikazu Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Opposite Tendency

This study examined the link between sibling relationships and children's social adjustment by comparing twin siblings and siblings with different ages (singleton siblings), and clarified the role of reciprocity in sibling relationships on children's social development. Mothers of 58 monozygotic twin pairs, 48 dizygotic twin pairs, and 86 singleton sibling pairs reported their children's sibling relationships and social adjustment. This study showed that the effects of sibling relationships on the prosocial behaviors and conduct problems of each child are stronger for twins than for singleton siblings. Moreover, positivity toward one's sibling increased peer problems only among monozygotic twins. The opposite tendency was present among dizygotic twins and singleton siblings. This study suggests the importance for children's social development of having many interactions with siblings and establishing reciprocity in sibling relationships. Moreover, our results suggest that the quality of sibling relationships among monozygotic twins may be different from those among dizygotic twins and singleton siblings.

scholarly journals “Side by side”: Development of twin relationship dimensions from early to middle childhood and the role of zygosity and parenting

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110058
Author(s):  
Hila Segal ◽  
Ariel Knafo-Noam
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Family System ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Developmental Courses ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Twin relationships have a significant effect on the twins’ life and their families. In the first comprehensive study of this topic, our purpose was to examine the developmental courses of four dyadic dimensions of twins’ relationships: closeness, dependence, conflict and rivalry, and the impact of zygosity and parenting on their relationships. Parents reported on their twins’ relationships ( N = 1547 mothers and 536 fathers with data from at least one of four measurement points from 3 to 8–9 years of age). The sample included 322 monozygotic twin dyads (sharing virtually 100% of their genes), and 1194 dizygotic twin dyads (sharing 50% of their genetic variance, on average). Our findings indicated that closeness and dependence decreased while rivalry increased through childhood. Dependence and rivalry also presented quadratic change. The twins’ conflict increased only for dizygotic twins. As expected, we found that the twins’ closeness and dependence were highly associated, as did the associations between conflict and rivalry. The mostly nonsignificant associations of closeness with conflict and rivalry reinforced the notion that they are not bi-polar opposites. However, dependence was positively related to the twins’ conflict and rivalry. A zygosity effect was also evident as monozygotic twins had higher levels of closeness and dependence than dizygotic twins through childhood, but there was no significant difference in the levels of their conflict and rivalry. In congruence with family system theories, parental positivity predicted the twins’ closeness and dependence, and parental negativity predicted the twins’ dependence, conflict and rivalry. The results were discussed in light of an evolutionary perspective and the twins’ developmental challenges through childhood.

scholarly journals Immune signatures of prodromal multiple sclerosis in monozygotic twins

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21546-21556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ann Gerdes ◽  
Claudia Janoschka ◽  
Maria Eveslage ◽  
Bianca Mannig ◽  
Timo Wirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Effector T Cell ◽  
Immune Signatures ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Immune Traits

The tremendous heterogeneity of the human population presents a major obstacle in understanding how autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) contribute to variations in human peripheral immune signatures. To minimize heterogeneity, we made use of a unique cohort of 43 monozygotic twin pairs clinically discordant for MS and searched for disease-related peripheral immune signatures in a systems biology approach covering a broad range of adaptive and innate immune populations on the protein level. Despite disease discordance, the immune signatures of MS-affected and unaffected cotwins were remarkably similar. Twinship alone contributed 56% of the immune variation, whereas MS explained 1 to 2% of the immune variance. Notably, distinct traits in CD4+effector T cell subsets emerged when we focused on a subgroup of twins with signs of subclinical, prodromal MS in the clinically healthy cotwin. Some of these early-disease immune traits were confirmed in a second independent cohort of untreated early relapsing-remitting MS patients. Early involvement of effector T cell subsets thus points to a key role of T cells in MS disease initiation.

Familial multiple sclerosis: volumetric assessment in clinically symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Fulton ◽  
Robert I Grossman ◽  
Lois J Mannon ◽  
Jayaram Udupa ◽  
Dennis L Kolson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Offspring

A genetic basis for clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) cases, based on studies of MS families, has been proposed for decades. Few reports provide detailed neurological as well as neuroradiological findings on these patients. We report total T2-weighted intracranial lesion volumes on members of three familial MS cohorts: a mother and father with conjugal MS with one affected son and a neurologically normal son and daughter, one pair of monozygotic twin sisters with MS, and a female sibling pair with MS. We hypothesized that asymptomatic siblings in a family with two affected parents and another affected child might demonstrate clinically silent T2-weighted lesions; and that monozygotic twins with MS are more likely to express similar T2-weighted lesion volumes than non-twin sibling pairs. We found clinically silent lesions in unaffected children of the symptomatic parent couple, with a significant difference in total T2 lesion volume between these unaffected siblings and their parents, as well as their affected brother. In our other sibling pairs, T2 lesion volumes were similar between the twins and significantly different in the non-twin pair, despite similar levels of clinical functioning as determined by EDSS scoring. These results suggest that foci of demyelination might be expected in clinically normal offspring of parents with MS, possibly reflecting a genetic predisposition to subsequent development of MS.

scholarly journals A Case of Sirenomelia Associated with Hypoplastic Left Heart with a Healthy Co-Twin: A Rare Entity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Nasser Al Yaqoubi ◽  
Muna Mubarak Al Badi ◽  
Farida Mohsin Ambu Saidi ◽  
Nasser Shaikhan Taaeeb Al Shafouri
Keyword(s):  
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Hypoplastic Left Heart ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Left Heart Syndrome ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Sirenomelia is a rare developmental malformation and is incompatible to life. The incidence of sirenomelia, as recorded in the literature, is estimated to be approximately between 1.5 and 4.2 per 1,00,000 births. Around 15% of sirenomelia cases are associated with twin pregnancy, most often in monozygotic cases with an incidence of 7%. In monozygotic twins, the risk of sirenomelia is nearly 100–150 times higher as compared to dizygotic twins or singleton pregnancies. Until now, only two cases of sirenomelia associated with hypoplastic left heart have been reported in the literature. Here, we present a monozygotic twin pregnancy, where one fetus was diagnosed with sirenomelia associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and the co-twin was absolutely healthy.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Personality Traits and Coping Strategies in a Sample of Siblings of People With and Without Intellectual Disability: The Mediating Role of Sibling Relationship Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Dawid K. Scigala ◽  
Matteo A. Fabris ◽  
Claudio Longobardi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Sibling Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The quality of sibling relationships is an important factor in the development of individuals, particularly in the context of a relationship with a brother or sister with disabilities. Aims: This research aims to assess the moderating role of the quality of the relationship with siblings between personality traits and coping strategies. Methods: The participants were 187 adults, of whom 97(51.9%) were Individuals with brothers or sisters with intellectual disabilities (S-IDs), aged 18 to 60 years (M=30.22; SD=12.17). The second group was 90 (48.1%) Individuals with typical developmental siblings (S-TDs) aged 18 to 76 years (M=28.56; SD=11.66). Respondents completed the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Coping Orientation to Problem Experiences (COPE), and the Adult Sibling Relationships Questionnaire (ASRQ). Results: The data show a correlation between personality traits and coping strategies. In addition, the size of the ASRQ was found to moderate the relationship between personality traits and coping strategies, albeit in a different way between the two groups. Conclusion: The quality of the reality with brothers or sisters turns out to be an important factor in the development, and it is found to mediate the relationship between personality traits and the development of coping strategies, both in S-TDs and S-IDs, presenting similarities and differences. Future research guidelines have been discussed.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN PRESCHOOL AGE TWINS’ IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR SELF-AWARENESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
A. S. Kuzmina ◽  
◽  
E. S. Prisendorf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Pair Interaction ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Pair Interactions

The article reveals the role of intra-pair behavior of twins in the development of their self-awareness in preschool age. The twin personality is understood as a special social developmental situation that determines the formation of twins. This situation is associated with the emergence of special intra-pair interactions that determine the development of self-awareness of preschoolers. In pairs of di- and monozygotic twins, a different nature of intra-pair interaction is possible; it is interconnected with the development of self-awareness of preschoolers. Dizygotic twins are more competitive, and monozygotic twins are more cooperative.

scholarly journals The virome in adult monozygotic twins with concordant or discordant gut microbiomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leonardo Moreno-Gallego ◽  
Shao-Pei Chou ◽  
Sara C. Di Rienzi ◽  
Julia K. Goodrich ◽  
Timothy Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Small Core ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Discordant Twins ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThe virome is one of the most variable components of the human gut microbiome. Within twin-pairs, viromes have been shown to be similar for infants but not for adults, indicating that as twins age and their environments and microbiomes diverge, so do their viromes. The degree to which the microbiome drives the virome’s vast diversity is unclear. Here, we examined the relationship between microbiome diversity and virome diversity in 21 adult monozygotic twin pairs selected for high or low microbiome concordance. Viromes derived from virus-like particles were unique to each subject, dominated by Caudovirales and Microviridae, and exhibited a small core that included crAssphage. Microbiome-discordant twins had more dissimilar viromes compared to microbiome-concordant twins, and the richer the microbiomes, the richer the viromes. These patterns were driven by the bacteriophages, not eukaryotic viruses. These observations support a strong role of the microbiome in patterning the virome.

scholarly journals Gastritis Stages in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Dyspeptic Twins

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Urba ◽  
Jurgita Skieceviciene ◽  
Dainius Janciauskas ◽  
Laimas Jonaitis ◽  
Limas Kupcinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
The Mean ◽  
H Pylori

Background. The progression of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis towards atrophic gastritis is modulated by host-related and environmental factors. Studies that explore the possible involvement of host-related versus environmental factors in the development of gastritis phenotype induced by H. pylori are highly needed. Aims. Our study was aimed at investigating the phenotype of H. pylori-associated gastritis in two cohorts of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, using the OLGA/OLGIM gastritis staging system. Methods. Two cohorts of monozygotic (14 pairs) and dizygotic (15 pairs) dyspeptic twins prospectively underwent endoscopy with biopsy sampling based on Sydney protocol. H. pylori status and OLGA/OLGIM stages were assessed and compared. Results. The mean age of monozygotic and dizygotic twins was 40.4 and 38.6 years, respectively (p=0.623). The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 51.7%. Among the 14 monozygotic twin pairs, five pairs were H. pylori-positive, four were H. pylori-negative, and five were H. pylori-discordant. Among the 15 dizygotic twin pairs, five pairs were H. pylori-positive, five were H. pylori-negative, and five were H. pylori-discordant. Concordance for antrum atrophy in monozygotic twins was 78.6% (11/14 pairs) and in dizygotic twins 73.3% (11/15 pairs) (p=0.742). Concordance for corpus atrophy in monozygotic versus dizygotic twins was 92.9% (13/14 pairs) and 86.7% (13/15 pairs), respectively (p=0.584). Concordance for antrum intestinal metaplasia (IM) in monozygotic twins was 85.7% (12/14 pairs) and in dizygotic 73.3% (11/15 pairs) (p=0.411). Concordance for corpus IM in monozygotic twins was 85.7% (12/14 pairs) and in dizygotic 86.7% (13/15 pairs) (p=0.941). Among monozygotic and dizygotic subjects, the stage of gastritis was concordant in both H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative subjects. Conclusions. In conclusion, histological gastric mucosa alterations in monozygotic and dizygotic twins showed high rates of concordance. Furthermore, OLGA/OLGIM gastritis stages were not modulated by the zygosity of the twins.

scholarly journals Female reproductive potential after oncological treatment: a rare case report of acute myeloid leukemia in monozygotic twin sisters with literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Burnik Papler ◽  
Eda Vrtacnik Bokal ◽  
Nina Jančar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in monozygotic twins is a rare event and, until now, only a few cases have been reported. Due to improved oncological treatment and cancer survival rates, quality of life considerations post-treatment have become an important aspect in the treatment regime. The ability to have their own biological children is considered one of the most important indicators of quality of life by cancer survivors. As fertility following oncological treatment is often impaired, fertility preservation methods should be offered to these patients prior to the treatment. Here, we present a very rare case in which we can in vivo observe the impact of oncological treatment on female fertility when applied before and after puberty. Case presentation This is a very rare case of concordant AML in monozygotic twin sisters. Twin A became sick at the age of 21 months. She was treated with cytostatic medications and then underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the donor being her twin sister B. After 27 years, she is disease free and has regular periods. After trying to conceive for 4 years, she was seen by an infertility specialist. She underwent hysteroscopic uterine septum removal and laparoscopic enucleation of bilateral paraovarian cysts. Following those procedures, she immediately conceived naturally. Twin B became sick at 15 years of age. She was treated with chemotherapy and cranial radiation and relapsed after 10 years. She then received chemotherapy and had a BMT. Until relapse, she had normal menstrual cycles. After the second treatment she became amenorrhoeic and is now part of an oocyte donation program. Conclusions This is a case of AML in monozygotic twins who, after treatment, have completely different reproductive potential. They both received oncological treatment, and one of them conceived conceived naturally while the other suffered premature ovarian failure and is not able to have a biological child. Based on the outcome of this case, it appears that the pre-pubertal state truly serves as protection against ovarian failure.

Concordance for multiple sclerosis in Danish twins: an update of a nationwide study

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hansen ◽  
A Skytthe ◽  
E Stenager ◽  
H C Petersen ◽  
H Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Dizygotic Twins

The occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in twins has not previously been studied in complete nationwide data sets. The existence of almost complete MS and twin registries in Denmark ensures that essentially unbiased samples of MS cases among twins can be obtained. In this population-based study, virtually all Danish MS cases among twins born before 1983 with onset of MS after 1948 and diagnosis before 1 January 1997 were identified. Of 13 286 MS cases, 178 were twins and, of these 164 twin pairs were discordant and seven were concordant. We found significantly higher proband-wise concordance among monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins, with estimated proband-wise concordances of 24% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5-39%) for monozygotic and 3% (95% CI: 0-8%) for dizygotic twins. Thus, a monozygotic twin whose co-twin has MS has a 24% risk of developing the disease, while the corresponding risk for a dizygotic twin is only 3%. Our results largely confirm previously published concordance estimates and indicate that genetic factors are of importance in susceptibility to MS.

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