scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Physical Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. South ◽  
Markus H. Schafer ◽  
Kenneth F. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Adult Physical Health

Past research demonstrates a phenotypic relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult health problems. Explanations of this association usually point to either: (a) a direct causal link, whereby exposure to early stress disrupts biological functioning during sensitive periods of development; or (b) an indirect effect operating through socioeconomic attainment, poor health behaviors, or some other pathway leading from childhood to adulthood. The current study examined whether the association between childhood maltreatment and adult health reflects genetic or environmental mediation. Using a large sample of adult American twins, we separately estimated univariate biometric models of child maltreatment and adult physical health, followed by a bivariate biometric model to estimate genetic and environmental correlations between the two variables. We found that a summary count of chronic health conditions shared non-trivial genetic overlap with childhood maltreatment. Our results have implications for understanding the relationship between maltreatment and health as one of active interplay rather than a simple cause and effect model that views maltreatment as an exogenous shock.

scholarly journals Pathways linking childhood maltreatment and adult physical health

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meeyoung O. Min ◽  
Sonia Minnes ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Lynn T. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Adult Physical Health

scholarly journals Limited not lazy: a quasi-experimental secondary analysis of evidence quality evaluations by those who hold implausible beliefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy A. Martire ◽  
Bethany Growns ◽  
Agnes S. Bali ◽  
Bronte Montgomery-Farrer ◽  
Stephanie Summersby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quality Evidence

AbstractPast research suggests that an uncritical or ‘lazy’ style of evaluating evidence may play a role in the development and maintenance of implausible beliefs. We examine this possibility by using a quasi-experimental design to compare how low- and high-quality evidence is evaluated by those who do and do not endorse implausible claims. Seven studies conducted during 2019–2020 provided the data for this analysis (N = 746). Each of the seven primary studies presented participants with high- and/or low-quality evidence and measured implausible claim endorsement and evaluations of evidence persuasiveness (via credibility, value, and/or weight). A linear mixed-effect model was used to predict persuasiveness from the interaction between implausible claim endorsement and evidence quality. Our results showed that endorsers were significantly more persuaded by the evidence than non-endorsers, but both groups were significantly more persuaded by high-quality than low-quality evidence. The interaction between endorsement and evidence quality was not significant. These results suggest that the formation and maintenance of implausible beliefs by endorsers may result from less critical evidence evaluations rather than a failure to analyse. This is consistent with a limited rather than a lazy approach and suggests that interventions to develop analytical skill may be useful for minimising the effects of implausible claims.

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment and inflammation among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Bublitz ◽  
Suzanne De La Monte ◽  
Susan Martin ◽  
Lucia Larson ◽  
Ghada Bourjeily
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Women with childhood maltreatment histories are at increased risk for adverse birth outcomes. Mechanisms explaining this link are poorly understood. Past research is limited by sampling pregnant women at low risk for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods This pilot study was a secondary data analysis of 24 women with gestational diabetes mellitus; 17% of the sample also reported a maltreatment history. Women provided a blood sample to measure inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance, and saliva samples to measure diurnal cortisol. Birth outcomes for past and current pregnancies were recorded. Results Histories of maltreatment were associated with elevated interleukin-15 and a marginally greater incidence of preterm delivery in current and past pregnancies. Conclusions This pilot study was the first to demonstrate an association between childhood maltreatment history and inflammatory cytokine levels in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Harsh Physical Punishment in Childhood and Adult Physical Health

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. e333-e340 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Afifi ◽  
N. Mota ◽  
H. L. MacMillan ◽  
J. Sareen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Adult Physical Health

scholarly journals Determining a transitional scoring link between PROMIS® pediatric and adult physical health measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Tulsky ◽  
Pamela A. Kisala ◽  
Aaron J. Boulton ◽  
Alan M. Jette ◽  
David Thissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Adult Physical Health

scholarly journals Why Not "Crying It Out" Part 1: The Science That Tells Us That Responsiveness is Key

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Patrice Marie Miller ◽  
Michael Lamport Commons
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Considerable Research

Considerable research, both experimental research with animals and research with humans, now documents the detrimental effects of early stress on brain development. These effects can occur not just in response to intense and repetitive stressful situations, but with some probability may also occur in situations of parenting that is not responsive. In this context, this article addresses the biologically and ethologically based reasons that crying is detrimental to infants’ development— negatively impacting neurological structures, stress responses, physical health, and socioemotional well-being.

Health Lifestyles in Adolescence and Self-rated Health into Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Burdette ◽  
Belinda L. Needham ◽  
Miles G. Taylor ◽  
Terrence D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Health Lifestyle

Do health behaviors cluster together as health lifestyles in adolescence? Are these lifestyles socially patterned? Do these lifestyles impact physical health into adulthood? To answer these questions, we employed data from Waves 1 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 7,827). Our latent class analysis revealed four health lifestyles: (a) low risk, (b) moderate risk with substance use, (c) moderate risk with inactivity, and (d) high risk. As suggested by health lifestyle theory, membership in these classes varied according to gender, race-ethnicity, and family structure. Consistent with the life course perspective, regression analyses indicated that those in the high-risk lifestyle tend to exhibit worse health in adolescence and adulthood than those in the low-risk lifestyle. Our findings confirm that socially patterned lifestyles can be observed in adolescence, and these lifestyles are potentially important for understanding the distribution of physical health across the early life course.

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