scholarly journals The Study of Personality Architecture and Dynamics (SPeADy): A Longitudinal and Extended Twin Family Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Angelika Penner ◽  
Julia Richter ◽  
Alexandra Zapko-Willmes
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Children Of Twins

AbstractThe Study of Personality Architecture and Dynamics (SPeADy) is a German research project that aims to investigate the sources of interindividual differences in intraindividual personality development. The main focus lies in the dynamic interplay between more stable core characteristics and more environmentally malleable surface characteristics, as well as between personality and life experiences over time. SPeADy includes a twin family study encompassing data from 1962 individuals (age: 14–94) of 682 families, including 570 complete twin pairs (plus 1 triplet set), 327 parents, 236 spouses and 145 children of twins. Data collection started in 2016 and data from the first wave are currently obtainable as open source. Available data comprise a broad range of personality variables, such as personality trait constructs, motives, interests, values, moral foundations, religiosity and self-related concepts. For the currently ongoing second wave of data collection, we added retrospective reports on major life events. Special features of this genetically informative study are the extended twin family data and its longitudinal design. Three assessment waves in 2 years’ intervals are planned until 2022. In this article, we briefly describe the design and contents of the SPeADy twin family study as well as some recent findings, future plans and open science issues.

Does growth require suffering? A systematic review and meta-analysis on genuine posttraumatic and postecstatic growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mangelsdorf ◽  
Michael Eid ◽  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Total N

Previous literature on growth after major life events has primarily focused on negative experiences and operationalized growth with measures which rely on the post-hoc self-perception of change. Since this method is prone to many biases, two questions have become increasingly controversial: Is there genuine growth after major life events and does growth require suffering? The present meta-analysis is the first synthesis of longitudinal research on the effects of life events on at least one subdomain of psychological well-being, posttraumatic, or postecstatic growth. Studies needed to have a longitudinal design, assess changes through independent measures over time, and provide sufficient data to estimate change scores. The meta-analysis comprises 364 effect sizes from 154 independent samples (total N = 98,436) in 122 longitudinal studies.A positive trend has been found for self-esteem, positive relationships, and mastery in prospective studies after both positive and negative events. We found no general evidence for the widespread conviction that negative life events have a stronger effect than positive ones. No genuine growth was found for meaning and spirituality. In the majority of studies with control groups, results did not significantly differ between event and control group, indicating that changes in the outcome variables cannot simply be attributed to the occurrence of the investigated life events. More controlled prospective studies are necessary in order to validate the genuine nature of post-event growth. Overall, the meta-analysis provides a systematic overview of the state of life event research and delineates important guidelines for future research on genuine growth.

Studying Changes in Life Circumstances and Personality: It's about Time

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Luhmann ◽  
Ulrich Orth ◽  
Jule Specht ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Richard E. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Life Circumstances

Most theories of personality development posit that changes in life circumstances (e.g. due to major life events) can lead to changes in personality, but few studies have examined the exact time course of these changes. In this article, we argue that time needs to be considered explicitly in theories and empirical studies on personality development. We discuss six notions on the role of time in personality development. First, people can differ before the event. Second, change can be non–linear and discontinuous. Third, change can be reversible. Fourth, change can occur before the event. Fifth, control groups are needed to disentangle age–related and event–related changes. Sixth, we need to move beyond examining single major life events and study the effects of non–normative events, non–events, multiple events, and minor events on personality. We conclude by summarizing the methodological and theoretical implications of these notions. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Personality Trait Development Across the Transition to Retirement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Schwaba ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transition To Retirement

In this study, we examined trajectories of Big Five personality development in the five years before and after retirement. Our sample was composed of 690 retirees (ages 51-81) and a propensity-score matched comparison group of 532 non-retirees drawn from a nationally representative longitudinal study of the Netherlands. Participants contributed data across a maximum of six measurement waves over a period of seven years. In the month after retirement, participants experienced sudden increases in openness and agreeableness followed by gradual declines in these traits over the next five years. Emotional stability increased before and after retirement. The transition to retirement was not associated with changes in conscientiousness or extraversion. Further, we found significant individual differences in development across the transition to retirement for each personality trait but could not identify any moderators that accounted for these individual differences. These results contribute to our understanding of personality development in older adulthood as well as the temporal dynamics of personality change in response to major life events.

Personality and perceptions of major life events: Implications for personality development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rakhshani ◽  
Richard E. Lucas ◽  
Brent Donnellan ◽  
Ina Fassbender ◽  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Related Personality

Research about the associations between major life events and personality trait development is mixed. Work that evaluates perceptions of life events and how those perceptions are themselves associated with personality traits may help clarify the existing literature. We used a large student sample (N = 1509) to conduct exploratory analyses examining the associations among big five personality traits, different types of life events, a dimensional taxonomy of event characteristics, and beliefs about event-related personality change. Results suggested that (1) associations between personality and event perceptions are often nuanced; and (2) event perceptions were more predictive of beliefs about event-related personality change than were the big five. These findings indicate that event perceptions are not merely proxies for personality traits. This study highlights the importance of subjective event perceptions in the study of major life events and personality development.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Patterns After Retirement: The REGARDS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
Eric Shiroma ◽  
J David Rhodes ◽  
Aleena Bennet ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Leslie MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Regards Study

Abstract Major life events, such as retirement, may lead to dramatic shifts in physical activity (PA) patterns. However, there are limited empirical data quantifying the magnitude of these changes. Our aims were to objectively measure PA before and after retirement and to describe changes in participation in various types of PA. Participants were employed black and white men and women enrolled in REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke), a national prospective cohort study (n=581, mean age 64 years, 25% black, 51% women). Participants met inclusion criteria if they retired between their first and second accelerometer wearing (2009-2013 and 2017-2018, respectively) and had valid accelerometer data (>4 days with >10 hours/day pre- and post-retirement). Accelerometer-based PA was categorized into average minutes per day spent in sedentary, light-intensity, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. Participants reported changes (less, same, more) in 12 types of PA. After retirement, participants decreased both sedentary time (by 36.3 minutes/day) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (by 5.6 minutes/day). Conversely, there was an increase in light-intensity PA (+18.1 minutes/day) after retirement. Participants reported changes in their participation level in various PA activities. For example, 41% reported an increased amount of TV viewing, 42% reported less walking, and 31% reported increased participation in volunteer activities. Findings indicate that retirement coincides with a change in the time spent in each intensity category and the time spent across a range of activity types. Further research is warranted to examine how these changes in physical activity patterns influence post-retirement health status.

Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen D. Kanner ◽  
James C. Coyne ◽  
Catherine Schaefer ◽  
Richard S. Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life
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