Response of Palmer Amaranth and Sweetpotato to Flumioxazin/Pyroxasulfone

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Beam ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
And Storage

AbstractStudies were conducted to determine the tolerance of sweetpotato and Palmer amaranth control to a premix of flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone pretransplant (PREtr) followed by (fb) irrigation. Greenhouse studies were conducted in a factorial arrangement of four herbicide rates (flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone PREtr at 105/133 and 57/72 g ai ha–1, S-metolachlor PREtr 803 g ai ha–1, nontreated) by three irrigation timings [2, 5, and 14 d after transplanting (DAP)]. Field studies were conducted in a factorial arrangement of seven herbicide treatments (flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone PREtr at 40/51, 57/72, 63/80, and 105/133 g ha–1, 107 g ha–1 flumioxazin PREtr fb 803 g ha–1S-metolachlor 7 to 10 DAP, and season-long weedy and weed-free checks) by three 1.9-cm irrigation timings (0 to 2, 3 to 5, or 14 DAP). In greenhouse studies, flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone reduced sweetpotato vine length and shoot and storage root fresh biomass compared to the nontreated check and S-metolachlor. Irrigation timing had no influence on vine length and root fresh biomass. In field studies, Palmer amaranth control was≥91% season-long regardless of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate or irrigation timing. At 38 DAP, sweetpotato injury was≤37 and≤9% at locations 1 and 2, respectively. Visual estimates of sweetpotato injury from flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone were greater when irrigation timing was delayed 3 to 5 or 14 DAP (22 and 20%, respectively) compared to 0 to 2 DAP (7%) at location 1 but similar at location 2. Irrigation timing did not influence no.1, jumbo, or marketable yields or root length-to-width ratio. With the exception of 105/133 g ha–1, all rates of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone resulted in marketable sweetpotato yield and root length-to-width ratio similar to flumioxazin fb S-metolachlor or the weed-free checks. In conclusion, flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone PREtr at 40/51, 57/72, and 63/80 g ha–1 has potential for use in sweetpotato for Palmer amaranth control without causing significant crop injury and yield reduction.

Evaluation of Flumioxazin andS-metolachlor Rate and Timing for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Sweetpotato

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
David W. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Variable Control ◽  
Crop Injury

Studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to determine the effect of flumioxazin andS-metolachlor on Palmer amaranth control and ‘Beauregard’ and ‘Covington’ sweetpotato. Flumioxazin at 0, 91, or 109 g ai ha−1was applied pretransplant 2 d before transplanting alone or followed by (fb)S-metolachlor at 0, 0.8, 1.1, or 1.3 kg ai ha−1PRE applied immediately after transplanting or 2 wk after transplanting (WAP). Flumioxazin fbS-metolachlor immediately after transplanting provided greater than 90% season-long Palmer amaranth control.S-metolachlor applied alone immediately after transplanting provided 80 to 93% and 92 to 96% control in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Flumioxazin fbS-metolachlor 2 WAP provided greater than 90% control in 2007 but variable control (38 to 79%) in 2008.S-metolachlor applied alone 2 WAP did not provide acceptable Palmer amaranth control. Control was similar for all rates ofS-metolachlor (0.8, 1.1, and 1.3 kg ha−1). In 2008, greater Palmer amaranth control was observed with flumioxazin at 109 g ha−1than with 91 g ha−1. Sweetpotato crop injury due to treatment was minimal (< 3%), and sweetpotato storage root length to width ratio was similar for all treatments in 2007 (2.5 for Beauregard) and 2008 (2.4 and 1.9 for Beauregard and Covington, respectively). Sweetpotato yield was directly related to Palmer amaranth control. Results indicate that flumioxazin pretransplant fbS-metolachlor after transplanting provides an effective herbicide program for control of Palmer amaranth in sweetpotato.

Response of Sweetpotato Cultivars toS-metolachlor Rate and Application Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
And Storage

Studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to determine the effect ofS-metolachlor rate and application time on sweetpotato cultivar injury and storage root shape under conditions of excessive moisture at the time of application.S-metolachlor at 1.1, 2.2, or 3.4 kg ai ha−1was applied immediately after transplanting or 2 wk after transplanting (WATP) to ‘Beauregard’, ‘Covington’, ‘DM02-180’, ‘Hatteras’, and ‘Murasaki-29’ sweetpotato. One and three d afterS-metolachlor application plots received 1.9 cm rainfall or irrigation.S-metolachlor applied immediately after transplanting resulted in increased sweetpotato stunting 4 and 12 WATP, decreased no. 1 and marketable sweetpotato yields, and decreased storage root length to width ratio compared with the nontreated check. Sweetpotato stunting, no. 1 and marketable yields, and storage root length to width ratio in treatments receivingS-metolachlor 2 WATP were similar to the nontreated check. In 2008, Covington and Hattaras stunting 12 WATP was greater at 2.2 and 3.4 kg ha−1(11 to 16%) than 1.1 kg ha−1(1 to 2%). In 2009,S-metolachlor at 3.4 kg ha−1was more injurious 4 WATP than 2.2 kg ha−1and 1.1 kg ha−1. While cultivar by treatment interactions did exist, injury, yield, and storage root length to width ratio trends were similar among all cultivars used in this study.

Response of sweetpotato to pendimethalin application rate and timing

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Mark W. Shankle
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Quality

AbstractField trials were conducted near Pontotoc, Mississippi; Chase, Louisiana; and Clinton, North Carolina, in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of pendimethalin rate and timing application on sweetpotato crop tolerance, yield, and storage root quality. Treatments consisted of five pendimethalin rates (266, 532, 1,065, 1,597, and 2,130 g ai ha−1) by two application timings (0 to 1 or 10 to 14 d after transplanting). Additionally, a nontreated check was included for comparison. Crop injury (stunting) was minimal (≤4%) through 6 wk after transplanting (WAP) and no injury was observed from 8 to 14 WAP, regardless of application timing or rate. The nontreated check yielded 6.6, 17.6, 5.5, and 32.1 × 103 kg ha−1 of canner, no. 1, jumbo, and total grades, respectively. Neither pendimethalin application timing nor rate influenced jumbo, no. 1, marketable, or total sweetpotato yield. Overall, these results indicate that pendimethalin will be a valuable addition to the toolkit of sweetpotato growers.

Evaluation of Acetanilide Injury and Its Potential for Yield Reduction in Cabbage,Brassica oleraceaL.

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Donald T. Warholic
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Reducing Potential

Field studies were conducted from 1984 to 1986 to assess cabbage injury and yield response to several acetanilide herbicides. When incorporated, metolachlor significantly injured cabbage and reduced yields while post-transplant applications caused foliar flecking but did not reduce yields. Crop injury from pretransplant applications of 4.4 kg ai/ha was significant for all herbicides in both 1985 and 1986. Although total yields in 1985 and 1986 were comparable, maturity was delayed in 1986. With few exceptions, the acetanilides did not differ in either injury or yield-reducing potential. However, compared to trifluralin, metolachlor reduced yields in both years and at both rates.

Differential Control of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) by Postemergence Herbicides in Soybean (Glycine max)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Gossett ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field studies were conducted in South Carolina to evaluate the herbicides acifluorfen, chlorimuron, and imazaquin for control of Palmer amaranth and smooth pigweed in soybean, when applied 3 wk after weed emergence. Palmer amaranth was more difficult to control than smooth pigweed. Compared to untreated controls, acifluorfen, chlorimuron, and imazaquin reduced Palmer amaranth and smooth pigweed biomass 78 and 96%, 80 and 98%, and 82 and 99% at 30 d after treatment (DAT), 60 DAT, and at soybean harvest, respectively. The high rate (140 g/ha) of imazaquin provided greater control of Palmer amaranth than other herbicide treatments at soybean harvest. Except for the 140 g/ha rate of imazaquin, inadequate control of Palmer amaranth resulted in lower soybean seed yields for all herbicide treatments than the weed-free control. However, all herbicides controlled smooth pigweed to provide soybean seed yields similar to the weed-free control.

Effects of Halosulfuron POST on Sweetpotato Yield and Storage Root Quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
And Storage ◽  
External Injury ◽  
Root Quality

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron at 0, 13, 26, 39 or 52 g ha−1 applied 10, 22, and 31 d after planting (DAP) on ‘Beauregard' and ‘Covington' sweetpotato. Storage roots were harvested, graded, cured, and stored in controlled environment for 2 mo. Where injury on storage roots was observed, external injury occurred on the surface of the storage root as a blackened area with blistering and internal injury consisted of small red-brown spots inside the sweetpotato storage root. Total yield of sweetpotato with 13 g ha−1 halosulfuron treatment (155,157 kg ha−1) was similar to the nontreated check (162,002 kg ha−1). However, halosulfuron rates above 13 g ha−1 resulted in a reduction of marketable grade roots and total yield of sweetpotato. Regardless of rate and timing of halosulfuron, external and internal injury to Beauregard storage roots was less than 6 and 9%, respectively. No external injury to Covington was observed from all rates of halosulfuron applied POST at 10 DAP. Halosulfuron at 22 DAP to Covington caused greater external injury to storage roots than was observed on the nontreated. Thus, Beauregard appears more tolerant to halosulfuron POST than Covington. To minimize internal or external injury to storage roots of Covington, halosulfuron must be applied within 10 DAP.

Herbicide Efficacy on FourAmaranthusSpecies in Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Sweat ◽  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Randy W. Lloyd ◽  
John E. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Kansas to determine the efficacy of 21 herbicide treatments for control of tumble pigweed, Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and two biotypes of common waterhemp in soybean. In field studies, nine of eleven preemergence treatments controlled all four species 90% or more. However, pendimethalin and trifluralin controlled Palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and tumble pigweed less than the other preplant incorporated and preemergence treatments. With the exception of flumiclorac and NAF-75, postemergence treatments controlled 75 to 90% of all four species. A biotype of common waterhemp collected in Iowa was not controlled by acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Greenhouse results were similar to field experiments. Results suggest at least 90% control of theseAmaranthusspecies is possible with proper herbicide selection.

Impact of reduced rates of dicamba and glyphosate on sweetpotato growth and yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thomas M Batts ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Arthur O. Villordon ◽  
Daniel O Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Storage Root Development ◽  
Herbicide Drift

Abstract A major concern of sweetpotato producers is the potential negative effects from herbicide drift or sprayer contamination events when dicamba is applied to nearby dicamba-resistant crops. A field study was initiated in 2014 and repeated in 2015 to assess the effects of reduced rates of N,N-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)methylamine (BAPMA) or diglycloamine (DGA) salt of dicamba, glyphosate, or a combination of these individually in separate trials with glyphosate on sweetpotato. Reduced rates of 1/10, 1/100, 1/250, 1/500, 1/750, and 1/1,000 of the 1× use rate of each dicamba formulation at 0.56 kg ha−1, glyphosate at 1.12 kg ha−1, and a combination of the two at aforementioned rates were applied to ‘Beauregard’ sweetpotato at storage root formation (10 d after transplanting) in one trial and storage root development (30 d after transplanting) in a separate trial. Injury with each salt of dicamba (BAPMA or DGA) applied alone or with glyphosate was generally equal to or greater than glyphosate applied alone at equivalent rates, indicating that injury is most attributable to the dicamba in the combination. There was a quadratic increase in crop injury and a quadratic decrease in crop yield (with respect to most yield grades) observed with an increased herbicide rate of dicamba applied alone or in combination with glyphosate applied at storage root development. However, with a few exceptions, neither this relationship nor the significance of herbicide rate was observed on crop injury or sweetpotato yield when herbicide application occurred at the storage root formation stage. In general, crop injury and yield reduction were greatest at the highest rate (1/10×) of either salt of dicamba applied alone or in combination with glyphosate, although injury observed at lower rates would be cause for concern after initial observation by sweetpotato producers. However, in some cases yield reduction of No.1 and marketable grades was observed following 1/250×, 1/100×, or 1/10× application rates of dicamba alone or with glyphosate when applied at storage root development.

Effects of Metribuzin Applied Lay-by on Weed Control and Sweetpotato Crop Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-693
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
Mark W. Shankle
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field studies were conducted at the Pontotoc Ridge-Flatwoods Branch Experiment Station in Pontotoc, MS in 2015 and 2016 to determine the influence of lay-by metribuzin application on weed control and sweetpotato crop response. With the exception of weedy and hand-weeded checks, all plots received flumioxazin at 107 gaiha−1pre-transplanting followed by (fb) clomazone at 1,120 gaiha−1immediately after transplanting. Lay-by treatments consisted ofS-metolachlor (800 gaiha−1), metribuzin (210 or 315 gaiha−1), metribuzin (210 gha−1) plus napropamide (1,120 gaiha−1), and metribuzin (210 gha−1) plusS-metolachlor (800 gha−1). At 4 weeks after transplanting, sweetpotato crop injury was 3 to 15%, but was transient and not evident after 6 (2015) to 8 weeks after transplanting (2016). Season-long weed control was excellent (≥98%) for all herbicide treatments used in the study. Hand-weeded check plots yielded 4,600; 18,350; 28,770; and 1,520 kgha−1of jumbo, No. 1, marketable, and cull grades, respectively. Jumbo, No. 1, and marketable yields from all herbicide-containing treatments in the study were greater than the weedy check and similar to the hand-weeded check. For all treatments, the portion of yield graded as cull was similar to the hand-weeded check. Canner yield response differed between years. In general, canner yield was greater in 2016 (8,460 to 10,670 kgha−1) than 2015 (1,570 to 3,570 kgha−1). In both years, canner yield in all treatments was similar to the hand-weeded check with one exception: in 2015 sweetpotato receiving metribuzin plus napropamide yielded more canners (3,570 kgha−1) than the hand-weeded check (2,300 kgha−1).

Efficacy of Various Corn Herbicides Applied Preplant Incorporated and Preemergence

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Gurinderbir S. Chahal ◽  
David L. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Average Precipitation

Field studies were conducted in central Missouri and central Kansas to evaluate the crop tolerance and efficacy of various combinations of atrazine, flufenacet + isoxaflutole, flumetsulam + clopyralid, isoxaflutole, andS-metolachlor applied PPI or PRE in conventional-till corn. Application technique did not influence crop injury in Kansas. In Missouri, greater crop injury was observed with treatments containing isoxaflutole when applied PPI vs. PRE. Application technique influenced giant foxtail, ivyleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp control. In dry years, control of these weeds was usually either same or greater with PPI than it was with PRE treatments. In years with average to above average precipitation, isoxaflutole provided greater control as a PRE application than as a PPI application. Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp control was usually greater with atrazine, isoxaflutole, andS-metolachlor applied PRE than it was applied PPI. Differences in control of all weeds between PPI and PRE applications were less obvious with two or three herbicides compared with treatments with a single herbicide. In general, the corn yield was greater with most of the treatments having two, three, or four herbicides than it was with treatments having a single herbicide, which was due to better weed control with the tank-mixtreatments.

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