Tolerance of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to fluthiacet-methyl, pyroxasulfone, and topramezone

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
Moria E. Kurtenbach ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

AbstractFlax yield can be severely reduced by weeds. The combination of limited herbicide options and the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds across the prairies has resulted in a need for more weed control options for flax producers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of flax to topramezone, pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin, and fluthiacet-methyl applied alone as well as in a mix with currently registered herbicides. These herbicides were applied alone and in mixtures at the 1X and 2X rates and compared with three industry standards and one nontreated control. This experiment was conducted at Carman, MB, and Saskatoon, SK, as a randomized complete block with four replications. Data were collected for crop population, crop height, yield, and thousand-seed weight. Ratings for crop damage (phytotoxicity) were also taken at three separate time intervals: 7 to 14, 21 to 28, and 56+ d after treatment. Crop tolerance to these herbicides varied between site-years. This was largely attributed to differences in spring moisture conditions and the differences in soil characteristics between sites. Herbicide injury was transient. Hence, no herbicide or combination of herbicides significantly impacted crop yield consistently. Flumioxazin was the least promising herbicide evaluated, as it caused severe crop damage (>90%) when conditions were conducive. Overall, flax had excellent tolerance to fluthiacet-methyl, pyroxasulfone, and topramezone. Flax had excellent crop safety to the combination of pyroxasulfone + sulfentrazone. However, mixing fluthiacet-methyl and topramezone with MCPA and bromoxynil, respectively, increased crop damage and would not be recommended.

Evaluation of two new linseed cultivars for oilseed production in Canterbury

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
J.M. Townshend ◽  
J.M. Boleyn
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oilseed Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
End Use ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) is grown in New Zealand for both oil extraction and baking purposes. Two new brown linseed cultivars 'Bilton' and 'Biltstar', both of Dutch origin, were trialled in the Ashburton district in 2006-07 and 2007-08, to evaluate their suitability for seed and oil production. They were compared with the current industry standard cultivar 'Hinu' and the more recently released cultivar 'Juliet'. There was a large range in yields among sites and seasons. When meaned across sites, cultivar yields ranged from 2,596 to 3,012 kg/ha. Bilton and Juliet produced significantly higher yields than Hinu, while Biltstar was intermediate. Thousand seed weight ranged from 5.76 g to 7.65 g with Biltstar producing the heaviest seed. There was a significant cultivar effect for both oil content and α-linolenic acid (ALA) content. Biltstar and Juliet produced the highest oil content (40.7% and 40.3% respectively). ALA levels were highest in Biltstar and Hinu (62.1% and 60.9% of total fatty acids respectively). There was no significant difference in oil yield (kg oil/ha) among cultivars. Four cultivars may have a place in Canterbury for oilseed production depending on end use and grower payment conditions. Keywords: Linum usitatissimum, flaxseed, seed yield, oil content, α-linolenic acid, thousand seed weight

scholarly journals Physical seed dormancy in Abrus precatorious (Ratti): a scientific validation of indigenous technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajender Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Scientific Validation

Abstract Seeds of Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae) were used as weight measure by Indigenous people. Where, the seeds were referred as Ratti; a traditional Indian unit of mass measurement. Seed weight fluctuates depending upon age, moisture, storage-period/conditions. Therefore, use of seeds as a weighing unit become dubious and need to be validated. For this purpose, seeds of A. precatorious were subjected to different moisture conditions and periodically monitored. Surprisingly, there was no change in seed weight was observed, indicating the impermeability of seed coat. The later was confirmed by scarification of seed coat which resulted in 53% increase in seed weight against 0% in control. Further, presence of a potent toxin (abrin) in the seed coat protects it from pests and microbes, and contributes to the maintenance of impermeability for longer period of time. The data validates the use of A. precatorious seeds as a weighing unit (ratti) by the indigenous people and discussed.

Is the flag leaf important in perennial ryegrass seed production?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
J.A.K. Trethewey ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In cereals, the importance of the flag leaf for contributing carbohydrate during seed fill is well documented. However, in ryegrass this relationship is not so clear. This paper reports on an investigation of the effect on seed yield components of reduced photosynthetic capacity to the flag leaf, stem and head of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The hypothesis was that reduced photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf does not affect seed yield components in perennial ryegrass. Following flowering, photosynthetic capacity was reduced by defoliation or shading the flag leaf, stem, or head of individual tillers. Seed yield components were measured at harvest. Reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the flag leaf and stem did not affect thousand seed weight or seed yield when compared with control plants whereas reducing PAR to the head had a significant effect. The seed head itself may be more important than the flag leaf during seed fill, but when the seed head is shaded substantial re-mobilisation of stored carbohydrates can occur. Keywords: flag leaf, green leaf area, Lolium perenne, photosynthetically active radiation, seed fill, seed yield, thousand seed weight, water-soluble carbohydrates

Evaluation of Herbicides for Sweet White Lupin (Lupinus albus)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany ◽  
Kevin V. McCully
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Crop Injury

The response of sweet white lupin to several herbicides was evaluated over five years at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (PEI) and two years at Cornhill, New Brunswick (NB). Excellent crop tolerance was found to the herbicides: chloramben, ethalfluralin, fluazifop-P, linuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, and trifluralin. None of the above herbicides affected crop grain yield or 1000 seed weight. Sweet white lupin was slightly injured by metribuzin at 500 g ai/ha but yields and 1000 seed weight were not affected. Higher rates of metribuzin reduced lupin yield and 1000 seed weight. Imazethapyr applied POST with 0.25% v/v Agral 90 and 1.0% v/v 28% N fertilizer caused severe crop injury and reduced lupin yields.

scholarly journals Mechanical Integrity of Hemodialysis Catheters after Exposure to a Novel Catheter Lock Solution

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Aslam ◽  
Rabih O. Darouiche
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mechanical Integrity ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Lock Solution ◽  
Catheter Lock

Objective.To examine the mechanical integrity of hemodialysis catheters after exposure to the combination of N-acetylcysteine, ti-gecycline, and heparin, compared with that of catheters exposed to heparin alone.Methods.We used 3 types of hemodialysis catheters: polyurethane, silicone, and carbothane catheters. Catheter segments were incubated in vitro for various time intervals of up to 2 weeks either in a novel catheter lock solution (novel CLS), which consisted of N-acetylcysteine, tigecycline, and heparin, or in heparin alone (as a control). At the time of testing, each segment was rinsed and cut longitudinally into 2 sections. All catheter sections were scanned using an optical dissecting microscope to check for surface abnormalities and to measure wall thickness. We also carried out tensile strength testing of another set of catheters using a universal testing machine. Tested parameters included stress at yield, strain at yield, stress at break, strain at break, modulus of elasticity, and force at break.Results.The surfaces of catheters in both groups appeared similar by microscopy. The mean thickness of the catheter wall was not significantly different for the catheters exposed to the novel CLS and the catheters exposed to heparin (P >.05). Results for most of the tensile strength parameters tested were similar in the 2 groups of catheters at the end of 2 weeks of incubation. In particular, the force-at-break value of all tested catheters remained much greater than that recommended by industry standards.Conclusions.The use of the novel catheter lock solution did not impair the mechanical integrity or increase the propensity for fracture of hemodialysis catheters.

AAC Asher field pea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengjin Bing ◽  
Don Beauchesne ◽  
Debra L. McLaren ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
Hamid Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

AAC Asher is a semi-leafless, medium to large seeded yellow cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) variety developed at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada. It has high yielding potential, early to medium maturity and good lodging resistance. AAC Asher has maturity of 94 days, and one-thousand-seed weight of 257 g. AAC Asher is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi Syd.), moderately tolerant to mycosphaerella blight (caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes) and fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum). AAC Asher is adapted to all field growing regions in western Canada.

scholarly journals Estimation of heterosis for yield-related traits for single cross and three-way cross hybrids of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wolko ◽  
Agnieszka Dobrzycka ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Iwona Bartkowiak-Broda
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Silique Length ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Rapeseed breeding programs are focused mainly on improving plant potential and seed yield. One of the ways to improve seed yield in oilseed rape is heterosis, which is hybrid vigor that results in a greater biomass, increased seed yield, and faster development. The purpose of this study was to estimate yield-related trait heterosis for single cross and three-way cross hybrids of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). A population of 60 doubled-haploid (DH) lines and two generations of hybrids were evaluated in field trials to assess six yield-related traits: plant height, number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, silique length, number of seeds per silique, and thousand seed weight. Heterosis effects for each trait were estimated by a comparison of the particular hybrid with: (1) the trait mean over both parents—mid-parent heterosis and (2) to the value of better parent—best-parent heterosis. Traits with clear positive heterosis and traits with varied heterosis were observed in this study. For the first group, we include plant height, silique length, and the number of seeds per silique—a large number of hybrids expressed significant positive heterosis for these traits, independent from the year of observations and the type of hybrid. For the second group, with varied heterosis, we can include the number of branches and siliques per plant and thousand seed weight. For these traits, hybrids exhibited both positive and negative significant heterosis, without a clear pattern for the years and types of hybrids.

Developing Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivars: Introduction

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Minor Crops ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Margin Of Safety

In recent years considerable research in the private and public sectors has been directed toward introducing herbicide tolerance into normally susceptible crop species (9). Interest in developing herbicide-tolerant crop cultivars, clones, or hybrids (HTCs)3has been spurred by the reduction in the rate of discovery of new herbicidal compounds, the rising expense of developing new herbicides, and new tools of biotechnology that greatly increased our ability to develop HTC genotypes. Potential benefits of developing HTCs include: a) an increased margin of safety with which herbicides can be used with subsequent reduced crop losses due to herbicide injury, b) reduced risk of crop damage from residual herbicides from rotational crops, and c) introduction of new herbicides for use on normally susceptible crops. The last objective can be considered to be similar to breeding for resistance to diseases or insects. The most serious weed problems for a crop can be solved by developing crop tolerance to herbicides that control the weeds. This approach is particularly promising for minor crops for which new herbicide development is essentially lacking. However, the reluctance of herbicide manufacturers to register their products for minor crops may impede this approach. By developing tolerance to nontoxic, nonpolluting herbicides that are suitable for conservation tillage, the negative environmental effects of weed control can be reduced.

AAC Olive marrowfat pea

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-782
Author(s):  
Deng-Jin Bing ◽  
Don Beauchesne ◽  
Debra McLaren ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Parthiba Balasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Development Centre ◽  
Green Cotyledon ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

AAC Olive is a semi-leafless, green cotyledon, and high-yielding marrowfat pea (Pisum sativum L.) variety developed at the Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has a maturity of 102 d, average thousand-seed weight of 344 g, and is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi). AAC Olive was certificated on 16 Apr. 2019 by the Canadian Seed Growers Association under the authority of the Canada Seeds Act. The certificate number is 2165-2019.

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