Biologically effective dose of bromoxynil applied alone and mixed with metribuzin for the control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed in soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
David B. Westerveld ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biologically Effective Dose ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Excellent Control

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed was first confirmed in Ontario in 2010. GR horseweed interference can reduce soybean yield by up to 97%. Bromoxynil is a photosystem II–inhibiting herbicide that is primarily used for annual broadleaf weed control in monocot crops. The objective of this study was to determine the biologically effective dose (BED) of bromoxynil applied alone and when mixed with metribuzin applied preplant for control of GR horseweed in soybean in Ontario. Five field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2019–2020) to determine the predicted dose of bromoxynil with or without metribuzin that would control GR horseweed 50%, 80%, and 95%. No soybean injury was observed. The predicted doses of bromoxynil to achieve 50% and 80% control of GR horseweed were 98 and 277 g ai ha−1, respectively, at 8 wk after application (WAA). When mixed with metribuzin (400 g ai ha−1), the predicted doses of bromoxynil for 50%, 80%, and 95% control of GR horseweed were 10, 25, and 54 g ai ha−1, respectively. Bromoxynil (280 g ai ha−1) plus metribuzin (400 g ai ha−1) controlled GR horseweed 97%, a finding that was similar to the industry standards of saflufenacil + metribuzin (99% control) and glyphosate/dicamba + saflufenacil (100% control) at 8 WAA. This study concludes that bromoxynil + metribuzin applied before planting provides excellent control of GR horseweed in soybean.

Biologically-effective-dose of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D, applied preplant alone or mixed with metribuzin on glyphosate-resistant horseweed in soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
David B. Westerveld ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Biologically Effective Dose ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Industry Standards

Abstract Glyphosate resistance in weed species has presented immense challenges for farmers in Ontario. The co-application of burndown plus residual herbicides provides control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed control in soybean. Pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D is a premixed herbicide formulation sold under the tradename Blackhawk®. Five field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2019, 2020) in fields in southwestern Ontario to ascertain the biologically-effective-dose of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D, applied alone, or mixed with metribuzin, for GR horseweed control when applied pre-plant to soybean. Soybean visible injury for all treatments was <15%. At 8 wk after application (WAA), the calculated doses of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D for 50, 80, and 95% GR horseweed control were 390, 1148, and >2108 g ha−1, respectively. The addition of metribuzin to pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D reduced the doses of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D for 50, 80, and 95% GR horseweed control to 19, 46 and 201 g ha−1, respectively. Pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D + metribuzin controlled GR horseweed 97% which is comparable to the current industry standards. Based on these results, pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D + metribuzin (527 + 400 g ha−1) applied preplant can be used for GR horseweed control in soybean.

Biologically Effective Dose and Selectivity of SAN 1269H (BAS 662H) for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Allan S. Hamill ◽  
François J. Tardif ◽  
Kevin Chandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Biologically Effective Dose ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Wild Buckwheat

Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 at five locations in southwestern Ontario to develop dose-response curves for SAN 1269H (SAN 835H plus dicamba) for weed control and crop tolerance in corn. SAN 1269H controlled wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulusL.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), pigweeds (Amaranthus retroflexusL. andA. powelliiS. Wats.), barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.], and yellow foxtail [Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.]. Biologically effective doses of SAN 1269H (BAS 662H) were 440, 430, 180, and 40 g/ha for yellow foxtail, barnyard grass, wild buckwheat, and common ragweed, respectively. The biologically effective dose (that which provides 90% reduction in weed dry matter) for common lambsquarters was 560 g/ha when SAN 1269H was applied preemergence (PRE) and 110 g/ha when applied postemergence (POST). When applied PRE at a rate of 420 g/ha, pigweed was controlled, whereas only 85 g/ha was required when applied POST. Grain yield increased with dose of SAN 1269H and did not differ with time of application. Temporary crop injury was observed when SAN 1269H was applied at the four- to six-leaf growth stage. Optimum corn yields were achieved with doses of 100 to 250 g/ha.

Biologically-Effective-Dose of Metribuzin, Applied Preemergence and Postemergence, for the Control of Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) with Different Mechanisms of Resistance to Photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
David B. Westerveld ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Biologically Effective Dose ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Calculated Dose ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract Photosystem II (PS II)-inhibitor herbicide resistance in Ontario waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] population is conferred via target-site resistance (TSR) and non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms. Metribuzin-resistant (MR) A. tuberculatus is due to TSR,. Conversely, in other populations of PS II-resistant A. tuberculatus, plants are resistant to atrazine but metribuzin-sensitive (MS). The objective of this study was to determine the biologically-effective-dose of metribuzin applied PRE and POST for the control of MS and MR A. tuberculatus. Ten field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effective doses of metribuzin for 50, 80, and 95% control of MS and MR A. tuberculatus. Metribuzin applied PRE at the calculated doses of 133, 350, and 1070 g ai ha-1 controlled MS A. tuberculatus 50, 80, and 95%, respectively, whereas the calculated doses of 7868 and 17533 g ai ha-1 controlled MR A. tuberculatus 50 and 80%, respectively at 12 WAA. Metribuzin applied POST at the calculated doses of 245 and 1480 g ai ha-1 controlled MS A. tuberculatus 50 and 80%, respectively; the calculated dose for 50% MR A. tuberculatus control was greater than the highest dose (17920 g ai ha-1) included in this study. Metribuzin at 560 and 1120 g ha-1 and pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin (240 g ai ha-1) applied PRE controlled MS A. tuberculatus 88, 95, and 98%, respectively at 12 WAA. The aforementioned treatments controlled MR A. tuberculatus 0, 4, and 93%, respectively at 12 WAA. Metribuzin at 560 and 1120 g ha-1 and fomesafen (240 g ai ha-1) applied POST controlled MS A. tuberculatus 65, 70, and 78%, and MR A. tuberculatus 0, 1, and 49%, respectively at 12 WAA. Based on these results, NTSR PS II-resistant A. tuberculatus (enhanced metabolism) is controlled with metribuzin applied PRE and POST, in contrast TSR PS II-resistant A. tuberculatus (glycine264serine altered target site) is not controlled with metribuzin.

Efficacy of Tiafenacil Applied Preplant Alone or Mixed with Metribuzin for Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed Control in Soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
David B. Westerveld ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biologically Effective Dose ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
No Till ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chemical Class

Abstract Tiafenacil is a recently developed protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide from the pyrimidinedione chemical class that is proposed for use as a preplant (PP) burndown in soybean. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed is a troublesome weed often found in no-till systems that can dramatically reduce soybean yield; control in soybean has been variable. Five field experiments were conducted over 2019 and 2020 in commercial soybean fields with GR horseweed to determine the biologically-effective-dose (BED) of tiafenacil and tiafenacil + metribuzin, and to compare their efficacy to currently accepted industry standard herbicide treatments in identity-preserved (IP, non-GMO), GR, and glyphosate/dicamba-resistant (GDR) soybean systems. There was no soybean injury with treatments evaluated. The calculated doses of tiafenacil for 50, 80, and 95% control of GR horseweed control were 21, 147 and >200 g ai ha−1, respectively, at 8 weeks after application (WAA). Lower doses were calculated with the addition of metribuzin (400 g ai ha−1) to tiafenacil for 50 and 80% control, with no dose of tiafenacil + metribuzin providing 95% control. Tiafenacil + metribuzin at 25 + 400 and 50 + 400 g ai ha−1 controlled GR horseweed 88 and 93% , respectively which was similar to the industry standards of saflufenacil + metribuzin (25 + 400 g ai ha−1) and glyphosate/dicamba + saflufenacil (1200/600 + 25 g ai ha−1) that provided 98 to 100% control, respectively at 8 WAA. This study presents the potential utility of tiafenacil + metribuzin as a GR horseweed management strategy in soybean.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sulfentrazone Alone or in Combination with Other PRE and POST Herbicides for Weed Control in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa)

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Ravneet K. Sandhu ◽  
Laura E. Reuss ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Control Post

Sulfentrazone was recently registered for use in tomato and strawberry in Florida. Field experiments were conducted at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Wimauma, FL, to evaluate PRE sulfentrazone applications when applied on flat soil 30 days before bed formation (PRE-f), on the bed top immediately before laying plastic mulch (PRE-t), applied PRE-t as a tank mix with other PRE herbicides, or PRE-t followed by POST halosulfuron or rimusulfuron (POST). Sulfentrazone did not damage the tomato and strawberry crop and had no effect on strawberry and tomato fruit yield. It was as effective as the industry standards but none of the evaluated herbicide treatments provided adequate weed control. POST halosulfuron in tomato resulted in significantly greater nutsedge control at 11 (14%) and 13 (27%) weeks after initial treatment (WAIT) compared with other treatments in Fall 2019 and Spring 2020, respectively. However, in tomato, tank-mixing sulfentrazone with S-metolachlor or metribuzin did not enhance nutsedge control. Weed control did not improve with increased rates or with the use of PRE-f followed by (fb) PRE-t applications in tomato. PRE-t sulfentrazone fb POST halosulfuron was an efficient nutsedge management option in tomato. Sulfentrazone alone did not effectively control weeds in tomato or strawberry. Increased rates of sulfentrazone with the use of PRE-f fb PRE-t sulfentrazone applications did reduce (34%) total weed density in strawberry.

Tolpyralate Efficacy: Part 2. Comparison of Three Group 27 Herbicides Applied POST for Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan A. Metzger ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Alan J. Raeder ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Biologically Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Green Foxtail

AbstractTolpyralate is a new Group 27 pyrazolone herbicide that inhibits the 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase enzyme. In a study of the biologically effective dose of tolpyralate from 2015 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada, tolpyralate exhibited efficacy on a broader range of species when co-applied with atrazine; however, there is limited published information on the efficacy of tolpyralate and tolpyralate+atrazine relative to mesotrione and topramezone, applied POST with atrazine at label rates, for control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds. In this study, tolpyralate applied alone at 30 g ai ha−1 provided >90% control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, common ragweed, Powell amaranth/redroot pigweed, and green foxtail at 8 weeks after application (WAA). Addition of atrazine was required to achieve >90% control of wild mustard, ladysthumb, and barnyardgrass at 8 WAA. Tolpyralate+atrazine (30+1,000 g ai ha−1) and topramezone+atrazine (12.5+500 g ai ha−1) provided similar control at 8 WAA of the eight weed species in this study; however, tolpyralate+atrazine provided >90% control of green foxtail by 1 WAA. Tolpyralate+atrazine provided 18, 68, and 67 percentage points better control of common ragweed, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass, respectively, than mesotrione+atrazine (100+280 g ai ha−1) at 8 WAA. Overall, tolpyralate+atrazine applied POST provided equivalent or improved control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds compared with mesotrione+atrazine and topramezone+atrazine.

Control of Canada Thistle by Soil Fumigation without Tarpaulins

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ogg
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Soil Fumigants

Three years of field experiments showed that Canada thistle. [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] could be controlled with deeply injected soil fumigants without covering the soil with a tarpaulin. The degree of control depended on the kind of fumigant, the rate of application, and the depth of injection. Weed control with fumigants usually improved as the rate of application and depth of injection increased. The most effective treatment was 1,3-dichloropropene at 560 kg/ha injected to a depth of 46 cm. Good to excellent control of Canada thistle was also obtained with 1,3-dichloropropene at 280 kg/ha injected either 23 or 46 cm and ethylene dibromide at 160 kg/ha and chloropicrin + ethylene dibromide at 20 + 55 kg/ha injected at 46 cm. Results with ethylene dibromide and chloropicrin + ethylene dibromide were more erratic than with 1,3-dichloropropene. Increasing the percentage of chloropicrin in the combination reduced the control of Canada thistle.

Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 973-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Mayank S. Malik ◽  
John B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Green Foxtail

Jhala, A. J., Malik, M. S. and Willis, J. B. 2015. Weed control and crop tolerance of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied sequentially in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 973–981. Acetochlor, an acetamide herbicide, has been used for many years for weed control in several crops, including soybean. Micro-encapsulated acetochlor has been recently registered for preplant (PP), pre-emergence (PRE), and post-emergence (POST) application in soybean in the United States. Information is not available regarding the sequential application of acetochlor for weed control and soybean tolerance. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of application timing of micro-encapsulated acetochlor applied in tank-mixture with glyphosate in single or sequential applications for weed control in glyphosate-resistant soybean, and to determine its impact on soybean injury and yields. Field experiments were conducted at Clay Center, Nebraska, in 2012 and 2013, and at Waverly, Nebraska, in 2013. Acetochlor tank-mixed with glyphosate applied alone PP, PRE, or tank-mixed with flumioxazin, fomesafen, or sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron provided 99% control of common waterhemp, green foxtail, and velvetleaf at 15 d after planting (DAP); however, control declined to ≤40% at 100 DAP. Acetochlor tank-mixed with glyphosate applied PRE followed by early POST (V2 to V3 stage of soybean) or late POST (V4 to V5 stage) resulted in ≥90% control of common waterhemp and green foxtail, reduced weed density to ≤2 plants m−2 and biomass to ≤12 g m−2, and resulted in soybean yields >3775 kg ha−1. The sequential applications of glyphosate plus acetochlor applied PP followed by early POST or late POST resulted in equivalent weed control to the best herbicide combinations included in this study and soybean yield equivalent to the weed free control. Injury to soybean was <10% in each of the treatments evaluated. Micro-encapsulated acetochlor can be a good option for soybean growers for controlling grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds if applied in a PRE followed by POST herbicide program in tank-mixture with herbicides of other modes of action.

Weed Management in Conventional- and No-Till Soybean Using Flumioxazin/Pyroxasulfone

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris J. Mahoney ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Almost All

Eleven field experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period (2010, 2011, and 2012) in conventional- and no-till soybean with a flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone premix. PRE and preplant applications were evaluated for soybean injury, weed control, and yield compared to standard herbicides. Early-season soybean injury from flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone ranged from 1 to 19%; however, by harvest, soybean yields were similar across labeled rates (160 and 200 g ai ha−1), standard treatments, and the nontreated control. Flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone provided excellent control (99 to 100%) of velvetleaf, pigweed species (redroot pigweed and smooth pigweed), and common lambsquarters across almost all rates tested (80 to 480 g ai ha−1). Common ragweed, green foxtail, and giant foxtail control increased with flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate. The biologically effective rates varied between tillage systems. The flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone rate required to provide 80% control (R80) of pigweed was 3 and 273 g ai ha−1under conventional- and no-till, respectively. For common ragweed, the R80was 158 g ai ha−1under conventional tillage; yet, under no-till, the rate was nonestimable. The results indicate that flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone can provide effective weed control as a setup for subsequent herbicide applications.

Early Season Herbicide Applications for Weed Control in Stale Seedbed Soybean (Glycine max)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey A. Bruff ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Selective Herbicide

Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on silty clay and sandy loam soils to evaluate weed control and soybean yield with early-April preplant incorporation of selective herbicides in stale seedbed soybean followed by non-selective weed control measures at planting. Metribuzin applied PPI early followed by chlorimuron POST coupled with either glyphosate or paraquat PRE controlled sicklepod, pitted morningglory, and hemp sesbania to the same extent of that treatment applied PPI at planting. All stale seedbed treatments with POST applications and glyphosate, paraquat, or tillage at planting controlled pitted morningglory over 70%. However, imazaquin or metribuzin applied PPI early without a POST treatment controlled sicklepod and pitted morningglory poorly. Frequently, applying PPI herbicides at planting increased control compared with early PPI applications, but this was overcome by POST treatments. Early stale seedbed applications of metribuzin did not result in more than 60% control of hemp sesbania, whereas metribuzin applied PPI at planting controlled over 85%. However, metribuzin plus chlorimuron controlled hemp sesbania at least 74%, regardless of application timing or tillage method, whereas no imazaquin treatment achieved over 65% control. All stale seedbed herbicide treatments increased soybean yield compared with the untreated stale seedbed check. Selective herbicide treatments with either non-selective herbicide in a stale seedbed program resulted in equivalent yield to PPI at planting treatments most often, except with metribuzin.

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