Do African Voters Favor Coethnics? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Benin

AbstractCan African politicians play the ethnic card? Ethnicity matters for a host of outcomes in Africa, but debate remains about the extent to which it motivates the African voter. In experimental settings, we know that ethnicity shapes political support for hypothetical candidates. This paper offers an experimental test of the extent to which ethnicity shapes political support for actual, real-world politicians. Relying on Benin’s mixed-ethnicity President, this paper proposes a survey experiment that measures the independent effect of coethnic cues in boosting support across both coethnic groups. The results reveal that coethnic cues work: the same political actor can draw support from two different ethnic groups based solely on subtle ethnic cues.

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How to Get Away with Murder in Russia: Political Support in the Times of Crisis. Evidence from the Survey Experiment

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2997894 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Sirotkina ◽

Margarita Zavadskaya

Keyword(s):

Political Support ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

The Times

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OP0096 EXPOSURE TO DENGUE INFECTION DO NOT RAISE RISK OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: FINDINGS FROM THE MALAYSIAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (MYEIRA) CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 53.1-53

Author(s):

L. K. Tan ◽

C. L. Too ◽

A. F. Nurul-Aain ◽

A. A. Siti-Aisyah ◽

S. Wahinuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Antibody Level ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

The Other ◽

Director General ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Malaysian Population ◽

Mixed Ethnicity

Background:Dengue infection is associated with joints pain mimicking disease onset symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there is lack of epidemiological studies on exposure to dengue infection and risk of future RA.Objectives:We investigated the relationship between exposure to dengue infection and risk of developing different subsets of RA, defined by the presence of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population.Methods:Serum samples from 1,235 RA cases (i.e. 516 Malay, 254 Chinese, 405 Indians and 60 others/mixed-ethnicity) and 1,624 epidemiological matched population-based controls (i.e. 1,023 Malay, 208 Chinese, 297 Indians and 96 others/mixed-ethnicity) were assayed for presence of dengue IgG antibody using World Health Organization recommended ELISA kits. Positive results of dengue IgG antibodies indicates previous exposure to dengue infection(s). We performed chi-square and Mann-Whitney U analysis to determine the association of ever-exposed dengue infection with ACPA-positive/ACPA-negative RA and to investigate the antibody frequency and levels among the studied populations.Results:We observed high occurrence of dengue IgG antibody in the overall RA cases (79.7%) and matched controls (77.3%), with no significant differences detected between the ACPA subsets of RA. Ethnicity stratification analysis revealed a decrease risk of developing ACPA-positive RA in the Indian patients with positive dengue IgG antibody (OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.37-0.94, p=0.03), and in particular patients with elevated level of dengue IgG antibody (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.25-0.78, p<0.05). On the other hand, the significant decrease mean levels of dengue IgG antibody were observed in the ACPA-positive RA subset for all three major ethnic groups (i.e. Malay, p<0.0001, Chinese, p<0.01 and Indian<0.05) (Figure 1). No association was observed between presence of dengue IgG antibody and ACPA-negative RA subset.Figure 1.Comparison of mean dengue IgG antibody level between ever-exposed dengue infection RA cases, stratified by ACPA status. Comparison of median dengue IgG antibody level between the ever-exposed dengue infection ACPA-positive RA and normal controls in the four ethnic groups. The red line indicates the mean level of dengue IgG antibody levelConclusion:Our findings demonstrated that exposure to dengue infection do not increase the risk of developing future RA in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population. The inverse associations observed in the Indian ethnic group are in line with the other studies investigating exposure to viral infection and risk of RA.References:[1]Sherina et al (2017) Low levels of antibodies against common viruses associate with anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis; implications for disease aetiology. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2017, 19:2169[2]Gissel García et. al. (2011) Long-term persistence of clinical symptoms in dengue-infected persons and its association with immunological disorders. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 15 (2011) e38–e43Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank the Director General of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia for supporting this study. The authors are also indebted to participants for their kind participation. This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (JPP-IMR 17-025) and the short-term research grant by UniKL RCMP (str16037).Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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What drives political support? Evidence from a survey experiment at the onset of the corona crisis

Contemporary Politics ◽

10.1080/13569775.2021.2010345 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Julian Erhardt ◽

Markus Freitag ◽

Steffen Wamsler ◽

Maximilian Filsinger

Keyword(s):

Political Support ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Support Evidence

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Welfare or politics? A survey experiment of political discontent and support for redistribution in Hong Kong

Politics ◽

10.1177/0263395719837867 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 70-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mathew YH Wong

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Political Support ◽

Individual Responsibility ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Welfare Policies ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

Self Interest ◽

Social Affinity ◽

The Government ◽

Vignette Experiment

This study examines support for redistribution in the developed economy of Hong Kong from three theoretical perspectives: self-interest, ideology, and social affinity. The analysis uses a between-subjects randomized vignette experiment to explore the interplay between welfare and politics; in particular, it addresses whether people express opposition to a welfare policy to convey political discontent even if they otherwise support the policy. Drawing on a survey of university students (N = 1245), the study finds that self-interest and ideology, and specifically perceptions of social mobility and individual responsibility, are strong predictors of support for redistribution. The vignette experiment provides evidence that politics indeed spills over into support for welfare policies. Respondents expressed less support for public housing if cued that the policy was associated with the government and were already dissatisfied with political leadership. The findings have implications for research on political support for redistribution and welfare policies.

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Occupational Differences and Attribution of Trait Adjectives to Ethnic Groups

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1976.39.2.535 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 535-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Corenblum ◽

Donald G. Fischer ◽

Ken Anderson

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Factor Scores ◽

Canadian English ◽

French Canadians ◽

Occupational Differences ◽

Trait Attribution ◽

Ethnic Cues ◽

Status Cues ◽

Main Effects ◽

English Canadian

The present study was designed to determine the influence of role, status and ethnic cues on stereotyping. 24 ethnic-occupation combinations were formed by completely crossing four ethnic groups (French Canadian, English Canadian, Indian, and Oriental) and six occupations, selected to represent high, middle and low status positions. Subjects rated one of the combinations on 56 trait adjectives. The ratings were factor analyzed, and four factors, success, negativism, submissiveness, and emotionality, were extracted. Factor scores were calculated and entered into four ethnic group × occupation analyses. Significant main effects on three factors and a significant interaction on the submissiveness dimension were noted. Subsequent analysis showed that the stereotype of the ingroup, English Canadians, reflected differences in occupation, but the stereotypes of the outgroups, French Canadians and Indians, were not so influenced. These results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that ingroup stereotyping is based upon role and status cues whereas outgroup stereotyping is determined by ethnic cues. The results are consistent with the notion that role, status and ethnic cues influence trait-attribution to ethnic groups.

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P6544A real world study of high frequency atrial anti-tachycardia pacing in new algorithm for atrial arrhythmia

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Fukunaga ◽

T Morinaga ◽

K Yamaji ◽

M Nagashima ◽

K Ando

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Atrial Arrhythmia ◽

Independent Effect ◽

Future Research ◽

Time Interval ◽

Single Episode ◽

Preventive Pacing ◽

Cardiac Devices ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Advanced pacemakers feature atrial antitachycardia pacing (aATP) therapies for terminating atrial arrhythmia. Previous studies showed the efficacy of combined atrial preventive pacing and aATP in patients with pacemakers. The independent effect of aATP and the impact for patients outside the clinical trials has not been well elucidated. Methods In a single center, prospective, all-comers trial, we enrolled 567 patients implanted cardiac devices with Reactive ATP function. History of permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) was not included. After device interrogation of the AF burden and the longest AF duration in the last 6 months, aATP was programmed as a bit more aggressive setting than MINERVA trial (time interval was set as every 2 hours). As for newly implanted devices, aATP was activated after at least 3 months run-in period. Primary and secondary outcomes were the longest AF duration and cumulative percentage of progression into permanent AF, respectively. Results Of 541 eligible patients, aged 75.3±10.7 years, 356 pacemaker, 82 ICD and 103 CRT patients, the longest single episode of AF lasted ≤6 min in 439 patients (81.1%), >6 min to 6 h in 43 (8.0%), >6–24 h in 33 (6.1%), and >24 h in 26 (4.8%) at the enrollment. During mean follow-up of 1.9 years, the longest AF episode lasted >24 h in 49 patients (9.1%) and 14 patients (2.6%) progressed into permanent AF. According with baseline longest single episode of AF, patients with AF ≤6 min developed an episode >24 h in 0.8% at 1 year and 3.2% at 2 years follow up; patients with AF >6 min to 6 h developed an episode >24 h in none at 1 year and 7% at 2 years follow up; and patients with AF >6–24 h developed an episode >24 h in 19% at 1 year and 42% at 2 years follow up, respectively. In a subgroup analysis of in 192 patients with at least 1 aATP, 46 patients with high efficacy (>44%) did not developed an episode >24 h. Only one patient developed into permanent AF without aATP therapy. On multivariate analysis, neither ICD nor CRT was independent risk factor for developing the longest AF episode >24 h. Conclusions The independent use of aATP without atrial preventive pacing was effective for preventing AF progression in a real world cohort. Even without the previous AF episodes, aATP could prevent AF development, especially in patients showing high aATP efficacy. Future research is required to enhance the aATP success rate.

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The role of ethnicity in the perception of pork barrel politics: Evidence from a survey experiment in Slovakia

Politics ◽

10.1177/0263395720920089 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 026339572092008

Author(s):

Miroslav Nemčok ◽

Olivera Komar ◽

Nemanja Batrićević ◽

Michal Tóth ◽

Peter Spáč

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Decision Makers ◽

New Democracies ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Divided Societies ◽

Pork Barrel

In divided societies and new democracies, clientelism (in the form of pork barrel) and ethno-politics appear to go hand in hand. It is apparent that politicians are incentivized to compete for support within their own ethnic groups, but does an ethnic link between voters and decision-makers influence how voters perceive and evaluate pork barrel practices? To address this question, we conducted a survey experiment (n = 1200) in ethnically heterogeneous Slovakia. The aim was to examine whether pork barrel politics implemented by a Slovak decision-maker and a Hungarian decision-maker are evaluated differently by Slovaks and Hungarians. The findings suggest that when individuals and decision-makers share the same ethnicity, individuals tend to maintain an equally positive level of trust and willingness to vote for the responsible decision-maker, even when the decision-maker implements a policy decision that does not benefit them. Nonetheless, shared ethnicity does not prevent individuals from being critical of the implemented policy decision itself.

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Which Identity Frames Boost Support for and Mobilization in the #BlackLivesMatter Movement? An Experimental Test

American Political Science Review ◽

10.1017/s0003055420000544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 947-962

Author(s):

TABITHA BONILLA ◽

ALVIN B. TILLERY

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Social Movement ◽

Experimental Test ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Racial Justice ◽

Black Lives Matter ◽

The Social ◽

Media Communications ◽

American Cities ◽

The U.S

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement has organized hundreds of disruptive protests in American cities since 2013 (Garza 2014; Harris 2015; Taylor 2016). The movement has garnered considerable attention from the U.S. media and is well recognized by the U.S. public (Horowitz and Livingston 2016; Neal 2017). Social movement scholars suggest that such robust mobilizations are typically predicated on clear social movement frames (Benford and Snow 2000; Snow et al. 1986). Tillery (2019b) has identified several distinct message frames within the social media communications of BLM activists. In this paper, we use a survey experiment to test the effect of three of these frames—Black Nationalist, Feminist, and LGBTQ+ Rights—on the mobilization of African Americans. We find that exposure to these frames generates differential effects on respondents’ willingness to support, trust, canvass, and write representatives about the Black Lives Matter movement. These findings raise new questions about the deployment of intersectional messaging strategies within movements for racial justice.

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When are Stereotypes about Black Candidates Applied? An Experimental Test

The Journal of Race Ethnicity and Politics ◽

10.1017/rep.2015.6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 253-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kristyn L. Karl ◽

Timothy J. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

National Survey ◽

Experimental Test ◽

Welfare Policy ◽

Past Research ◽

Social Welfare Policy ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Racial Identities ◽

Black Candidates

AbstractPast research shows that candidates' racial identities influence the assumptions that voters draw about how they will behave in office. In a national survey experiment examining televised candidate advertisements, we find evidence that stereotypes differ both in their potency and how vulnerable they are to disconfirmation. Consistent with previous work, black candidates are broadly assumed to be more liberal than white candidates, although the effect is notably small in magnitude. Yet when it comes to more specific stereotypes—how black candidates will behave on individual issues—effects are not only much larger, but also more contingent on what information is available. We find that by providing a small bit of ideological information, black candidates can overcome the assumption that they will enact liberal policies as concerns taxation and non-racialized aspects of social welfare policy. But it is much more difficult for them to overturn the assumption that they will prioritize aid to minorities while in office.

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