Improved soxhlet extraction apparatus

1932 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Binnington
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus

scholarly journals Effect of pretreatment on the proximate composition, physicochemical characteristics and stability of Moringa peregrina oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
H. A. Sulaiman ◽  
E. E.M. Ahmad ◽  
AA. Mariod ◽  
B. Mathäus ◽  
M. Salaheldeen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Moringa Peregrina

The present research work was intended to study the influence of roasting and germination of the kernel seeds of Sudanese Moringa peregrina on the physicochemical characteristics and the oxidative stability of the extracted oil. Roasting was carried out at 180 ˚C for 25 minutes, whereas germination was done at ambient conditions in a wet jute bag for 5–7 days. The oil was extracted using n-hexane in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The results show that the oil contains α-tocopherols (152mg/kg) and oleic acid (above 70%) as the major tocols and fatty acids, respectively. Germination reduced the peroxide value and increased the acid value in a significant way (p < 0.05) whereas the opposite trend was noticed in the case of roasting. It is crucial to note that, with the exception of the acid value of the germinated sample, peroxide and acid values remained below one meq O2/Kg of oil and one mg KOH/g of oil, respectively. The oxidative stability of the oil from the roasted sample was increased almost by 80% compared to the raw one. Roasting of the kernels prior to oil extraction is imperative for improving its oxidation resistance and the physicochemical characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of thermal processing on physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of Balanities aegyptiaca kernels and extracted oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M.A. Elbadawi ◽  
E. E.M. Ahmad ◽  
A. A. Mariod ◽  
B. Mathäus
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Palmitic Acids

In the present study, the effects of roasting and boiling on the proximate composition of the kernels as well as the physicochemical properties and oxidative stabilities of the extracted oils of Balanites aegyptiaca were investigated. Roasting was performed at 180 ˚C for 15 minutes, whereas boiling of the kernels was carried out in tap water for one hour. The oils from raw and thermally processed samples were extracted using n-hexane in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus and characterized. The roasting significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the peroxide value and the oxidative stability of the extracted oil in a positive way; whereas boiling had the opposite effect. The oils were composed of linoleic, oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids as the major fatty acids (96%) and contained predominantly α- and γ-tocopherols (ca. 400mg/kg). The study suggests that the oil from roasted kernels could be used as a natural antioxidant for enhancing the characteristics of other edible oils via blending.

scholarly journals Lyocell Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye Extracted from Marigold Flower Using Metallic Salts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Sayed Yaseen Rashdi ◽  
Tayyab Naveed ◽  
Noor Sanbhal ◽  
Sikandar Almani ◽  
Peng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metallic Salts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Shade Depth

AbstractThe application of natural dyes is increasing each year due to their environmental friendliness and easy application on cellulose fibers. In this study, the natural dye from the Mexican marigold flower was extracted using a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extracted natural dye was applied on lyocell fabric with five different metallic salts using pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. It was observed that different color shade depth was achieved with different fixing agents. The color shade depth (K/S) washing fastness, light fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test results of all dyed samples were excellent in both pre- and post-mordanting methods. There was no significant difference in the results between post- and pre-mordanting fixation methods. However, the results showed that mordant ferrous sulfate had higher K/S value as compared to all other mordants. The dye extracted from marigold flower showed good dyeing efficiency with mordant to excellent colorfastness tests. FTIR results showed that there was no structural change in lyocell fabrics, before and after dyeing processes. Thus, a natural dye extracted from marigold flower has shown good colorfastness properties without damaging its fiber structure.

Toxicity Study and Anticonvulsant Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Piliostigma thonningii Milne-Redhead (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
J. Yakubu ◽  
O.A. Sodipo ◽  
F.I. Abdulrahman ◽  
V.M. Balami
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii ◽  
Rats And Mice

Background: Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach) Milne-Redhead [Fabaceae] is a plant widely used locally for the treatment and management of several ailments which include epilepsy in Northeastern Nigeria.Objectives: This study aimed at evaluation of the toxicity and anticonvulsant effect of ethanol leaf extract of Piliostigma thonningii in rats and mice with a view to determining the efficacy of the plant as an anticonvulsant drug.Methods: Fresh leaves of Piliostigma thonningii were air-dried, pulverized and extracted using soxhlet extraction apparatus. Acute toxicity study was carried out by Lorke’s method and the anticonvulsant activity of the ethanol leaf extract was carried using pentylenetetrazole and strychnine-induced convulsion model on Wistar strain albino rats and mice respectively.Result: The soxhlet extraction yielded 21.04% w/w of extract after being concentrated. The oral and intraperitoneal LD50 were ≥ 5000 mg/kg implying that the extract is relatively safe according to literatures. Anticonvulsant effect of the ethanol leaf extract using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), revealed the ability of the extract to confer protection on rats treated with doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/Kg bd. wt. by exerting 60%, 80% and 80% protection on rat against PTZ induced convulsion respectively in a dose dependent manner as well as protected 20%, 60% and 80% of mice against death induced by strychnine when treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract.Conclusion: The ethanol leaf extract of Piliostigma thonningii was able to provide anticonvulsant effect and is relatively safe for consumption as medicine.

Experimental study on weathering of basalt in the present atmospheric and the early Proterozoic low oxygen environments under surface conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichi Kobayashi ◽  
Yukiko Takahashi ◽  
Jun Naohara
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Oxygen Environment ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Extraction Apparatus

&lt;p&gt;In order to compare the mineral chemical effects of acid rain on surface materials in the present oxygen level and the Proterozoic low oxygen environments, artificial chemical weathering experiments using an improved Soxhlet extraction apparatus were conducted for basalt, which had been covered even on the early earth surface. Some dozens of polished basalt plates put in the extraction chamber were reacted to HCI. H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S0&lt;sub&gt;4&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;and HN0&lt;sub&gt;3&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;solutions at pH 4, and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;saturated water, and distilled water at 50 degrees Celsius for a different period of time up to 950 days in an open system. In the experiment under the low oxygen environment (5&amp;#215;10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; PAL), the whole extraction apparatus was placed in the acrylic glove box, and oxygen was removed by the deoxidizer, and it was carried out in the nitrogen gas flow. The basalt was composed mainly of olivine as a phenocryst, and plagioclase, CPX, ilmenite and glass as a groundmass. The leached sample solutions were collected, and analyzed using ICP-MS. Morphological, chemistry and altered product of each mineral surface were studied by SEM, EPMA, XRD and microscopy techniques.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;Under both the Proterozoic low oxygen and the present environments, SEM images showed that the dissolution of olivine surface by the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;and HCl solutions is remarkable. The (Mg + Fe)/Si on the olivine surface and (Na + Ca + K)/(Al + Si) on the plagioclase surface decreased significantly with increasing experimental period. In chemistry of the leached solutions, molar ratios of Mg, Mn, Fe and so on were high by three kinds of acidic solutionsat pH 4, and low by CO&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;saturated water and distilled water. The molar ratio is calculated from the cumulative total mole of released elements divided by the mole of individual elements in the unaltered basaltic rock. The ratio of Fe, Mg, Ni, Zn and Co near 70 pm in ionic radius is high, and reflect the dissolution from the octahedral coordination of olivine. The ratios of Ca, Na, Sm, Ce, La and Sr near 110 pm is high, and reflect the dissolution from the cavities within the framework of plagioclase. Under the low oxygen environment, major elements such as Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Na, and minor ones such as Ni, Co, Zn tend to dissolve easily. REE is soluble in pH 4 HCl, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;saturated water and distilled water under the low oxygen environment except for HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;solution, and does not change in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&amp;#160;&lt;/sub&gt;under both environments. The leaching ion concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co and REE associated with marine resources such as manganese nodules and BIF under the low oxygen are higher than those in the present average seawater.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Study of fatty acid esters obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae and the prospects of their use in the food industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
Smirnova K Yu ◽  
Yu S Karmeeva ◽  
A V Bannikova ◽  
P V Smutnev ◽  
S V Shpul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Acid Esters

Abstract In this study we carried out a physicochemical analysis of fatty acid esters (FFA) obtained from the biomass of larvae, which can be used as ingredients in the food industry and for the manufacture of feed. The acute toxicity of fatty acid esters obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae was determined. It was revealed that the acid and peroxide values of the fat fraction obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae are within the limits established by the norm, which indicates the high quality of this product. The fatty acid composition is represented mainly by lauric, palmitic, oleic and myristic acids. It was shown that the differences in fatty acid composition of the samples, obtained from the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae manually and using the Soxhlet extraction apparatus, were insignificant and within the acceptable values. In the study of presence of toxic elements in fat fractions, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, iron were not detected or they did not exceed the established values.

Analysis of Oyster Plant (Tradescantia Spathacea) Extracts via Maceration, Soxhlet Extraction and Thin Layer Chromatograpy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pina ◽  
Daniel Russo ◽  
Cristina Balistreri ◽  
Kelly O'Reilly ◽  
Luis Cendan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction
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