X-ray Spectroscopy of (Ba,Sr,La)(Fe,Zn,Y)O3−δ Identifies Structural and Electronic Features Favoring Proton Uptake

Conformational dynamics are essential for proteins to function. We adapted time-resolved serial crystallography developed at x-ray lasers to visualize protein motions using synchrotrons. We recorded the structural changes in the light-driven proton-pump bacteriorhodopsin over 200 milliseconds in time. The snapshot from the first 5 milliseconds after photoactivation shows structural changes associated with proton release at a quality comparable to that of previous x-ray laser experiments. From 10 to 15 milliseconds onwards, we observe large additional structural rearrangements up to 9 angstroms on the cytoplasmic side. Rotation of leucine-93 and phenylalanine-219 opens a hydrophobic barrier, leading to the formation of a water chain connecting the intracellular aspartic acid–96 with the retinal Schiff base. The formation of this proton wire recharges the membrane pump with a proton for the next cycle.

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Synthesis and Characterization of High Density and Low Temperature Sintered Proton Conductor BaCe0.5Zr0.35In0.1Zn0.05O3-δ

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1098.104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1098 ◽

pp. 104-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abul Kalam Azad ◽

D.D.Y. Setsoafia ◽

L.C. Ming ◽

Iskandar Petra

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Proton Conductor ◽

Solid State Reaction Method ◽

Proton Conductors ◽

Orthorhombic Symmetry ◽

Average Particle ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Proton Uptake

Rare-earth-doped BaCeO3and BaZrO3electrolytes with perovskite structure have been studied extensively in developing proton conducting intermediate temperature SOFC. Acceptor doped alkaline earth cerates and zirconates have been thoroughly studied because of the great interest in their possible applications as solid proton conductors. The perovskite type proton conductor BaCe0.5Zr0.35In0.1Zn0.05O3-δwas prepared in the traditional solid state reaction method. The density of the sample obtained about 96% of the theoretical density after sintering at 1350 °C and X-ray diffraction study confirms the pure phase. Rietveld refinement of the neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data shows that this material crystallizes in the orthorhombic symmetry in the space group Pm3m. Particle size measurement shows that the average particle size is about 2.4 μm. The average thermal expansion at 894 °C was 9.49 x 10-6/°C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) traces obtained for the sample on heating in wet air shows that the maximum proton uptake occurs from 595 °C.

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Space and Time Distribution of Hard X-Ray Emission in a Loop at the Beginning of a Flare

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025446 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 275-277

Author(s):

M. Karlický ◽

J. C. Hénoux

Keyword(s):

Time Distribution ◽

Electron Bombardment ◽

Spatial Evolution ◽

Superthermal Electrons ◽

Flare Loop ◽

X Ray ◽

Superthermal Electron ◽

Flare Loops ◽

Chromospheric Evaporation ◽

Temporal And Spatial

AbstractUsing a new ID hybrid model of the electron bombardment in flare loops, we study not only the evolution of densities, plasma velocities and temperatures in the loop, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of hard X-ray emission. In the present paper a continuous bombardment by electrons isotropically accelerated at the top of flare loop with a power-law injection distribution function is considered. The computations include the effects of the return-current that reduces significantly the depth of the chromospheric layer which is evaporated. The present modelling is made with superthermal electron parameters corresponding to the classical resistivity regime for an input energy flux of superthermal electrons of 109erg cm−2s−1. It was found that due to the electron bombardment the two chromospheric evaporation waves are generated at both feet of the loop and they propagate up to the top, where they collide and cause temporary density and hard X-ray enhancements.

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Some Problems in Understanding the Solar Corona

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110002491x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

A. H. Gabriel

Keyword(s):

Solar Corona ◽

Solar Atmosphere ◽

Theoretical Modelling ◽

Total System ◽

Major Advance ◽

X Ray ◽

Proper Perspective ◽

Space Observations

The development of the physics of the solar atmosphere during the last 50 years has been greatly influenced by the increasing capability of observations made from space. Access to images and spectra of the hotter plasma in the UV, XUV and X-ray regions provided a major advance over the few coronal forbidden lines seen in the visible and enabled the cooler chromospheric and photospheric plasma to be seen in its proper perspective, as part of a total system. In this way space observations have stimulated new and important advances, not only in space but also in ground-based observations and theoretical modelling, so that today we find a well-balanced harmony between the three techniques.

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White-Light Coronal Structures: Streamers and CMEs

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025045 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

E. Hildner

Keyword(s):

Emission Line ◽

Electron Density ◽

White Light ◽

Coronal Mass Ejections ◽

X Rays ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Temperature Function ◽

X Ray ◽

Eclipse Observations ◽

Coronal Structures

AbstractOver the last twenty years, orbiting coronagraphs have vastly increased the amount of observational material for the whitelight corona. Spanning almost two solar cycles, and augmented by ground-based K-coronameter, emission-line, and eclipse observations, these data allow us to assess,inter alia: the typical and atypical behavior of the corona; how the corona evolves on time scales from minutes to a decade; and (in some respects) the relation between photospheric, coronal, and interplanetary features. This talk will review recent results on these three topics. A remark or two will attempt to relate the whitelight corona between 1.5 and 6 R⊙to the corona seen at lower altitudes in soft X-rays (e.g., with Yohkoh). The whitelight emission depends only on integrated electron density independent of temperature, whereas the soft X-ray emission depends upon the integral of electron density squared times a temperature function. The properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) will be reviewed briefly and their relationships to other solar and interplanetary phenomena will be noted.

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Iron K-Line Emission from X-Ray Binaries

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107389 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

K. Masai ◽

S. Hayakawa ◽

F. Nagase

Keyword(s):

Accretion Disk ◽

Radiative Recombination ◽

Characteristic Temperature ◽

Line Emission ◽

Ionization Front ◽

Continuum Radiation ◽

X Ray ◽

Low Mass ◽

X Ray Binaries

AbstractEmission mechanisms of the iron Kα-lines in X-ray binaries are discussed in relation with the characteristic temperature Txof continuum radiation thereof. The 6.7 keV line is ascribed to radiative recombination followed by cascades in a corona of ∼ 100 eV formed above the accretion disk. This mechanism is attained for Tx≲ 10 keV as observed for low mass X-ray binaries. The 6.4 keV line observed for binary X-ray pulsars with Tx> 10 keV is likely due to fluorescence outside the He II ionization front.

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Diagnostics of Gold Laser Plasmas

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100108085 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 357-360

Author(s):

J.C. Gauthier ◽

J.P. Geindre ◽

P. Monier ◽

C. Chenais-Popovics ◽

N. Tragin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Results ◽

Pure Gold ◽

Electronic Temperature ◽

X Ray ◽

Laser Plasmas ◽

Collisional Radiative Model ◽

Radiative Model

AbstractIn order to achieve a nickel-like X ray laser scheme we need a tool to determine the parameters which characterise the high-Z plasma. The aim of this work is to study gold laser plasmas and to compare experimental results to a collisional-radiative model which describes nickel-like ions. The electronic temperature and density are measured by the emission of an aluminium tracer. They are compared to the predictions of the nickel-like model for pure gold. The results show that the density and temperature can be estimated in a pure gold plasma.

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Axial Observation of X-Ray Spectra from a Beam-Foil Source

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100108048 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 339-342

Author(s):

J.M. Laming ◽

J.D. Silver ◽

R. Barnsley ◽

J. Dunn ◽

K.D. Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Resolution ◽

Heavy Ion ◽

Ion Beams ◽

Beam Axis ◽

Doppler Broadening ◽

X Ray ◽

Beam Foil

AbstractNew observations of x-ray spectra from foil-excited heavy ion beams are reported. By observing the target in a direction along the beam axis, an improvement in spectral resolution, δλ/λ, by about a factor of two is achieved, due to the reduced Doppler broadening in this geometry.

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Observed and Theoretical Spectra in the 10–100Å Interval

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107869 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 259-261

Author(s):

W.A. Brown ◽

M.E. Bruner ◽

L.W. Acton

Keyword(s):

Sounding Rocket ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

X Ray

AbstractThe soft x-ray spectra recorded in two sounding rocket flights in 1982 and 1985 are compared with with predicted spectra. The poster presents the processed densitometer trace of the full spectrum together with the new spectrum from the 1985 experiment. This note compares the intensities of the lines with predictions.

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Quaternary structure of Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081747 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 176-177

Author(s):

T. Wichertjes ◽

E.J. Kwak ◽

E.F.J. Van Bruggen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Horseshoe Crab ◽

Temperature Jump ◽

Quaternary Structure ◽

Crystallographic Analysis ◽

Limulus Polyphemus ◽

Oxygen Binding ◽

X Ray ◽

Intact Molecule

Hemocyanin of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) has been studied in nany ways. Recently the structure, dissociation and reassembly was studied using electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens as the method of investigation. Crystallization of the protein proved to be possible and X-ray crystallographic analysis was started. Also fluorescence properties of the hemocyanin after dialysis against Tris-glycine buffer + 0.01 M EDTA pH 8.9 (so called “stripped” hemocyanin) and its fractions II and V were studied, as well as functional properties of the fractions by NMR. Finally the temperature-jump method was used for assaying the oxygen binding of the dissociating molecule and of preparations of isolated subunits. Nevertheless very little is known about the structure of the intact molecule. Schutter et al. suggested that the molecule possibly consists of two halves, combined in a staggered way, the halves themselves consisting of four subunits arranged in a square.

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