Novel Metabolic Regulation of Bile Acid Responses to Low Cholesterol in Whole-Grain-Diet-Fed Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lamei Xue ◽  
Chenzhipeng Nie ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Low Cholesterol

scholarly journals Hypocholesterolaemic effect of whole-grain highland hull-less barley in rats fed a high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejuan Xia ◽  
Guannan Li ◽  
Jiaxin Song ◽  
Jiong Zheng ◽  
Jianquan Kan
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat

AbstractWhole-grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB) contains high amounts of bioactive compounds that potentially exhibit cholesterol-lowering effects. This study investigated the hypocholesterolaemic effect of WHLB. A total of seventy-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups and were fed with the normal control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD containing low or high dose (10 or 48·95 %) of WHLB. High dose of WHLB significantly decreased the organ indexes of liver and abdominal fat and lipid levels of plasma and liver in HFD rats. The lipid regulation effect of WHLB, which was reconfirmed through hepatocyte morphologic observation, was accompanied by a large excretion of bile acids in the small intestinal contents and the faeces. Real-time PCR analyses, which were further reconfirmed through Western blot analyses, revealed that a high dose of WHLB significantly enhanced the hepatic expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase α, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, liver X receptor, and PPARα and decreased the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. It also enhanced the ileal expression of farnesoid X receptor and resulted in the decrease of expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. WHLB exhibited hypocholesterolaemic effects mainly by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol accumulation in peripheral tissue, and bile acid reabsorption and by stimulating bile acid synthesis.

scholarly journals Relationship between bread and obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (S2) ◽  
pp. S29-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Serra-Majem ◽  
Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Traditional Mediterranean Diet

Some studies have indicated that promoting the Mediterranean diet pattern as a model of healthy eating may help to prevent weight gain and the development of overweight/obesity. Bread consumption, which has been part of the traditional Mediterranean diet, has continued to decline in Spain and in the rest of the world, because the opinion of the general public is that bread fattens. The present study was conducted to assess whether or not eating patterns that include bread are associated with obesity and excess abdominal adiposity, both in the population at large or in subjects undergoing obesity management. The results of the present review indicate that reducing white bread, but not whole-grain bread, consumption within a Mediterranean-style food pattern setting is associated with lower gains in weight and abdominal fat. It appears that the different composition between whole-grain bread and white bread varies in its effect on body weight and abdominal fat. However, the term ‘whole-grain bread’ needs to be defined for use in epidemiological studies. Finally, additional studies employing traditional ways of bread production should analyse this effect on body-weight and metabolic regulation.

Abstract 398: Bile Acid Receptor Activation Ameliorates Metabolic Disorders by Differentially Activating FXR or TGR5

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita S Jadhav ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Yanqiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dual Activation ◽  
Pparγ Expression

Objectives: Activation of the bile acid (BA) receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) or TGR5 has beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis. However, activation of FXR may increase obesity and activation of TGR5 has little effect on lipid metabolism. As such, dual activation of FXR and TGR5 appears to be a more attractive approach for treatment of common metabolic disorders. So far, the role of BA receptor activation in metabolic regulation is not well characterized. Methods: We utilized wild-type (WT) mice, Tgr5 -/- mice, Fxr -/- mice, Apoe -/- mice and Shp -/- mice to investigate whether and how BA receptor activation by INT-767, a semisynthetic agonist for both FXR and TGR5, can prevent or reverse diet-induced metabolic disorders. Results: INT-767 reversed HFD-induced obesity and hyperglycemia in a TGR5-dependent manner and inhibited the development of atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mechanistically, INT-767 improved lipid homeostasis by activation of FXR and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, activation of FXR inhibited several lipogeneic genes in the liver. We identified peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPα) as novel downstream targets of FXR. FXR inhibited PPARγ expression by inducing SHP (small heterodimer partner) whereas the inhibition of CEBPα by FXR is SHP-independent. Conclusions: BA receptor activation can prevent and reverse obesity, NAFLD and atherosclerosis by specific activation of FXR or TGR5. Our data suggest that compared of activation of FXR or TGR5 alone, dual activation of both FXR and TGR5 is a more attractive strategy for treatment of common metabolic disorders. Key words: FXR; TGR5; Atherosclerosis; Obesity; NAFLD; Lipogenesis

Activated polyamine catabolism leads to low cholesterol levels by enhancing bile acid synthesis

Amino Acids ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eija Pirinen ◽  
Helena Gylling ◽  
Paula Itkonen ◽  
Nagendra Yaluri ◽  
Sami Heikkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Polyamine Catabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Cholesterol

scholarly journals Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor and Takeda G Protein Couple Receptor 5 Signaling in Metabolic Regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Y.L. Chiang ◽  
Preeti Pathak ◽  
Hailiang Liu ◽  
Ajay Donepudi ◽  
Jessica Ferrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Bile Acid Receptor

Bile acids play a critical role in the regulation of glucose, lipid and energy metabolisms by activating the nuclear bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (aka takeda G protein couple receptor 5, TGR5) signaling. Paradoxical roles of FXR in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and metabolic disorder have been reported recently. The activation or inhibition of intestinal FXR signaling has been shown to improve insulin and glucose sensitivity and energy metabolism to prevent diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). TGR5 has an anti-inflammatory function in the intestine and stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the intestine to stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas. The role of TGR5 in metabolism and metabolic regulation is not clear and warrants further study. FXR and TGR5 are co-expressed in the ileum and colon. These 2 bile acid-activated receptors may cooperate to stimulate GLP-1 secretion and improve hepatic metabolism. FXR and TGR5 dual agonists may have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes and NAFLD.

scholarly journals TGR5 Signaling in Hepatic Metabolic Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena M. Holter ◽  
Margot K. Chirikjian ◽  
Viraj N. Govani ◽  
Bethany P. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Signaling ◽  
The Impact

TGR5 is a G protein-coupled bile acid receptor that is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis. While the role of TGR5 signaling in immune cells, adipocytes and enteroendocrine L cells in metabolic regulation has been well described and extensively reviewed, the impact of TGR5-mediated effects on hepatic physiology and pathophysiology in metabolic regulation has received less attention. Recent studies suggest that TGR5 signaling contributes to improvements in hepatic insulin signaling and decreased hepatic inflammation, as well as metabolically beneficial improvements in bile acid profile. Additionally, TGR5 signaling has been associated with reduced hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis, and improved liver function. Despite the beneficial effects of TGR5 signaling on metabolic health, TGR5-mediated gallstone formation and gallbladder filling complicate therapeutic targeting of TGR5 signaling. To this end, there is a growing need to identify cell type-specific effects of hepatic TGR5 signaling to begin to identify and target the downstream effectors of TGR5 signaling. Herein, we describe and integrate recent advances in our understanding of the impact of TGR5 signaling on liver physiology and how its effects on the liver integrate more broadly with whole body glucose regulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document